Brazil: zviwanikwa zvepanyika. Minerals nemabhizimusi muBrazil

Brazil ndiyo nyika yakakura muLatin America, iyo inosvika inenge hafu yekondinendi yeSouth America. Kumabvazuva nekuchamhembe kunoshambidzwa neAtlantic Ocean. Brazil, zvisikwa zvipenyu uye mamiriro ezvinhu zvakasiyana, ndeye nyika inofadza kurima nekugara kwevanhu.

Relief

Munharaunda yekuchamhembe yenyika kune pasi reAmazonian. Iyo inotanga kusvika kumapani marefu eGuana Plateau, yakakomberedzwa nemasango makuru. Munenge nharaunda yose yakasara yenyika inotarirwa neBrazil, iyo inokwira kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba uye ichichera kubva kuAtlantic Lowland. Kumadokero kwegomba rakasara uye mastifs eAtlantic kune bhandi rezvinyorwa zve-monoclonic-strata nemapani; Kumusoro nechokuchamhembe, nzvimbo dzomumatare uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinoshandiswa, dzinoshandiswa necheta.

Mamiriro ekunze

Mamiriro okunze anopisa anozivikanwa neBrazil. Zvisikwa zvakasikwa zvinonyanya kugadziriswa nemamiriro ekunze. Ivhareji yemwedzi yekushisa yemwedzi inoparadzaniswa kubva pa16 kusvika ku29 degrees, uye chete pamasimba makuru kumabvazuva kwemafiriya anogoneka. Panguva imwecheteyo, marudzi akasiyana emamiriro emamiriro ekunze uye magadziri emvura anowanikwa munyika.

Inner water

Kutaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasikwa zveBrazil, zvinofanira kuonekwa nheyo yayo yakaoma kwazvo yerwizi. Nzira yeAmazon inodiridza pasi rose reAmazonian, nechokumaodzanyemba kweBrazil uye kumaodzanyemba kweGuana Plateau. Chikamu chekumaodzanyemba cheBrazilian plateau inomirirwa nehurongwa hweParaná neUruguay nzizi , chikamu chekumadokero neRiparagu river, uye kumabvazuva neSan Francisco rwizi. Pakati peizvi, maAmazon chete uye mavirira ayo nekumabvazuva kumativi ose egore akazara nemvura.

Nzizi dzebindu reBrazil dzinoratidzwa nekuchinja kukuru mumvura inoyerera uye mafashamo. Mvura yemvura yepahombe ine simba guru rekuchengetedza mvura, asi, sekutonga, kufamba kwezvikepe chete muzvikamu zviduku.

Miti uye ivhu

Nyika yacho inotungamirirwa nemasango pane dzimwe nyika (later) (ferrial) tsvuku tsvuku. Nzvimbo yekutanga munyika yekutora miti yakaoma inobatanidzwa neBrazil. Zvisikwa zvepanyama kumadokero kweAmazon zvinomiririrwa nemiti yakakura yakawanda yechando yakasvibira masango nemiti inokosha (inopfuura 4 000 mhuka), pasi payo pane lateritic podzolic ivhu.

Mumakomo achigadzira nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeBrazil neGuana, masango anogara aine ruzha anowanzovapo nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akaoma, kushandiswa kwepodzolization mudenga hakusi kugadzikana uye kuduku kududzwa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa uye ivhu, zvichifunga nezvekukwirira kwemaodzanyemba, inofanirwa nemhepo, kumabvazuva uye kumusoro massifs nemakomo eBrazilian plateau. Kumadokero kumitambo kunoratidzwa nemasango emvura akawanda emwaka. Pakati penzvimbo iyo inobatwa nevanamwari pamiti inonzi redite laterite, yakanyanya kufanana-duku shrub savannas. Pakati pemirwizi ndiyo masango ane mashizha, apo pane yemiti yemichindwe carnauba inokura. Nemaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwepahombekombe inobatanidzwa nemasango emasango erenje, ayo anogadzirwa zvakanaka uye xerophytic nemiti muvhu tsvuku uye tsvuku-tsvuku. Masango anogara aine mashizha akasiyana-siyana kubva kuBrazilian coniferous araucaria ndiwo unhu hwemhepo yakanyorova yakadzika kumaodzanyemba. Munzvimbo dzakaderera, savannas dzakasviba, dzisina kubhururuka dzinopararira pane denga tsvuku-dema.

Animal world

Mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kutsanangurwa nehutano hwezvisikwa uye hukuru hunokosha wenharaunda yeBrazil. Kudzokorora kwemhuka mune zvakasiyana-siyana kwakasiyana, nokuti kunyange vatoriomiti dzimwe nguva havana kubvumirana pamusoro pekuenzanisa kwemhuka dzinogara munyika. Nenguva dzose inokanganisa, mitsva itsva inowanikwa, asi panguva imwechete vamwe, nhamo, vari kufa.

Kubva kune dzimwe nyika, Brazil ine nhamba huru yemakungwa (anenge 77) uye hove dzehove dzakachena (kupfuura 3000). Maererano nehuwandu hwemamphibians, nyika inotora nzvimbo yechipiri munyika, nehuwandu hwezvisikwa zve shiri - chechitatu, nehuwandu hwezvisikwa zvezvisikwa-chechishanu. Mhuka dzakawanda dziri kutyisidzirwa, kunyanya avo vanogara mune zvisikwa, izvo zvino zvakanyanya kuparadzwa, somuenzaniso, zvakadai semasango eAtlantic.

Economy yeBrazil

Nokuda kwenzvimbo yakakwirira yekusimbiswa kwezvinhu zvinowedzera uye zvekuwedzera, zvekurima, sangano rebasa uye nhamba yakawanda yevanhu vane simba, Brazil iri mberi kune dzimwe nyika dzeLatin America maererano neGDP. Panguva ino, inowedzera kuwedzera kuvepo kwayo mumisika yepasi. Iko huru yekutengeswa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nefivha, zvigadzirwa zvemhepo, magetsi, iron ore, soy, simbi, jisi rearangi, shangu, mbatya, shuga, magetsi.

Pfuma yeBrazil yakasiyana chaizvo uye ine kusiyana kukuru pakati pezvikamu. Maererano nemikana yebhizinesi, maguta akasiyana zvikuru kubva kune mumwe. Kunyange zvazvo hupfumi hwehurumende huri kukudziridzwa, zvinetso zvakapararira zvehurombo, kusaverenga nekunyora uye huori zvichiri zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha pakuvandudzika.

Minerals of Brazil

Munyika, zvinopfuura makumi mana emaminerari zvinodhindwa. Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha ndeyema manganese uye mashizha ematare. Saka, mugore rimwe zvinopfuura mazana maviri emamiriyoni matani ematare esimbi anotorwa, anenge 80 muzana ayo anotengeswa. Maererano nemigodhi yebhauxite, hurumende inotora imwe yenzvimbo dzokutanga munyika. Iyo minerals yeBrazil inomiririrwawo nemhangura, zinc, nickel, iyo inoshandiswa kushandiswa mumusika wemisika. Nyika yacho inotengeserana yezvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakasikwa: niobium, tungsten, mica, zirconium. Gore rinoda mari yemamiriyoni makumi manomwe nemakumi mashanu eine hafu-inogutsikana, saka Brazil inofanira kuitumira. MuAsia muma1970. Akawana zvivigiro zvakawanda zvegoridhe, zvino zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinoda kusvika matani 80 pagore. Mari yemari yakave yakawanikwawo, asi iyi yakasvibiswa ndeyehutsika hwakaderera, gore iyo inogadzirwa inenge mamiriyoni mashanu emataundi.

Industry

Imwe nyanzvi yakashambadzirwa muBrazil inowedzera kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Nzvimbo inotambura kupfuura dzose iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, zvisinei, ikozvino yava kutanga kutema utsinhanisi. Pakati penyika dzeLatin America, Brazil inonyanya kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, kuverenga chetatu cheGDP. Hurumende inobereka michina yakasiyana-siyana, kubva pendarira, motokari nemafuta ezvivha kune ndege, makombiyuta uye zvinhu zvekutengesa.

Inopfuura chikamu chechina cheGDP inoshandiswa nemabhizimisi ekuBrazil. Iko mashizha makuru ekugadzirisa mafuta uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemakemikari. Mushure meUnited States, nyika ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera mubiroethanol, iyo inopa anenge 30 muzana yemafuta emafuta. Nekufambisa motokari muBrazil zvinoshandisa zvose ethanol zvakachena, uye zvinosanganiswa neoli. Zvinhu zvakasikwa zvekugadzirwa kwayo ishuga. Bhizilian mabhizinesi gore negore anogadzira ethanol muhuwandu hwemamiriyoni 16-20 mabhiriyoni.

Gore negore zvinodarika mamiriyoni mashanu emotokari zvinogadzirwa munyika. Vatori vepamusoro ndivo Mercedes-Benz, Scania, Fiat.

Iko huru yebazi remugadziri wekwenyika ndeyemucheka. Brazil inosvika 6-7 munyika yose mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Inenge 80 kubva muzana yekotoni inotengeswa kubva kune imwe nyika, nekuda kwehutsika hweBrazilian raw materials.

Indasitiri yegasi yakanyatsogadziriswa - inopfuura 4 000 mafashandi ehomwe ari kushanda.

Mukupedzisa

Pakati penyika dzeLatin America, Brazil hapana mubvunzo kuti inonyanya kukosha mune zvehupfumi. Zvinhu zvakasikwa zvenyika ino zvinopa mikana yakawanda yekukura. Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvino, nyika inoratidzika nehuwandu hwekuparadzanisa mumari uye kupesana kukuru muhutano hwekufambira kwemavirira nekumabvazuva.