Chii chinonzi mitosis uye chii chiri muitiro weprophase ye mitosis?

Chii chinonzi mitosis uye meiosis uye zvikamu zvipi zvavari? Iko kukamukana kwemasero, ayo ane zvimwe zvakasiyana. Ndiine meiosis, vana vanasikana masero vanoumbwa kubva mumusara weamai, umo nhamba yekromosomes yakaderera (kaviri). Ne mitosis, kupatsana kwemasero kunowanzoitika , asi vanasikana vaviri chete vane ma-chromosomes akafanana vanoumbwa semuenzaniso wevabereki.

Saka chii chinonzi mitosis uye meiosis? Izvo izvi zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hutsika, panguva iyo masero ane mamwe makromosomes anoumbwa. Kuberekwa nematosis kunowanikwa mumararamiro evanhu vakawanda.

Zvikamu zve

Mitosis inotanga mumatanho maviri:

1. Kunyorera ruzivo pajini yepamusoro. Ikoko maamai masero anoparadzira ruzivo rwemajeni pakati pavo. Panguva ino, ma chromosomes anochinja.
2. Mitotic stage. Inosanganisira nguva nguva.

Simba rakatangwa rinoitika mumatanho akawanda.

Phases

Mitosis yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana:

• Telophase;
• Anaphase;
• Metaphase;
• Prophase.

Izvi zvikamu zvinopfuurira mune imwe nhanho uye zvine maitiro avo pachavo.

Munzvimbo ipi neipi yakaoma mitticellular mitosis, kazhinji inosanganisira kupatsanurwa kwemasero maererano nehuwandu husina kukodzera. Ne mitosis, sero reamai rinopatsanurwa kuva vana, kazhinji kaviri. Mumwe wavo anova trunk uye anopfuurira kupatsanurana, uye wechipiri anoramba kugovana.

Interphase

Kupindira ndiko kugadzirirwa kwemajeri ekuparadzanisa. Kazhinji chikamu ichi chinopera kusvika maawa makumi maviri. Panguva ino, maitiro mazhinji akasiyana anoitika, panguva iyo masero akagadzirira mitosis.

Munguva iyi, mapuroteni akaparadzaniswa, nhamba ye organelles muurongwa hweDNA inowedzera. Pakuguma kwekuparadzanisa, mazamu emakemikari akawedzerwa, uye nhamba yekromosomes haina kuchinja. DNA dzakafanana dzinosanganiswa uye ndezvimwe ma chromatids mune imwe molecule. Ma chromatids anokonzerwa akafanana uye ari hanzvadzi.

Mushure mokunge interpase yapera, mitosis pachayo inotanga. Inosanganisira prophase, metaphase, anaphase uye telophase.

Prophase

Chikamu chekutanga chemasosis chinonzi prophase. Inopera inenge awa. Izvo zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu zvakakamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Pakutanga kwekutanga kweprophase ye mitosis, nucleolus inowedzera, semugumisiro wemamolekoro akaumbwa. Pakuguma kwechikamu, chromosome imwe neimwe ine ma chromatids maviri. Nuclei uye mapikisi enyukireya anopera, zvose zviripo zviri muchitokisi mune chirwere. Zvichiri kuwedzera muhutachiona hwemasosis, kuumbwa kwe-achromatic fission kunoitika, chikamu chema filaments chiri kupfuura yese yese, uye mamwe akabatana ne-central elements. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinyorwa zve genetic code hazvigadziri.

Nhamba yekromosomes muprophase ye mitosis haishanduki. Chii chinoitika zvakadaro? Muchidimbu cheprostese ye mitosis, nyukliya nyaya inopera, zvichibva pamakero emakromosomes anotaridzika mu cytoplasm. Zvimwe zvikamu zvegurukireya rinoputika rinoumba zvishoma membrane vesicles.

Muchidimbu chema-mitosis zvinotevera zvinoitika: sero remhuka rinotenderera, uye mumiti haritsi kuchinja.

Metaphase

Mushure mokunge prophase metaphase inowanikwa. Muchikamu chino, kukura kwekromosomes kunosvika pakakwirira. I-chromosomes truncated inotanga kutamira kumativi echitokisi. Panguva yekufambisa, ivo vari pamwe chete mumativi ose maviri. Girasi remasaphase rinoumbwa pano. Paunotarira sero, unogona kuona zvakajeka ma chromosomes. Iko mune metaphase iyo iyo iri nyore kuverenga.

Mushure mekugadzirwa kweplate ye metaphase, kuongororwa kunogadzirwa nekromosome yakagadziriswa yakarongwa mumhando iyi yesero. Izvi zvinoitika nekudzivisa kukanganisa kwekromosomes nekubatsirwa kwealkaloids.

Chimwe nechimwe chine mishonga yekromosomes. Semuenzaniso, chibage chine makore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri, uye munda wegrobrasi une 56. Muviri womunhu, ma chromosomes akaderera kupfuura majiroji, 46 chete.

Anaphase

Zvose zvinotanga kuitwa muprophase ye mitosis zvinopera, uye anaphase inotanga. Munguva iyi, maitiro ose echromosomal anoputsika uye anotanga kutamira kumativi akatarisana. Mu anaphase, ma chromosomes ane chokuita akazvimirira. Dzinowira mumasero akasiyana.

Chikamu chinopera nekusiyana kune mapuranga echromatid cell. Uyewo pano ndiko kugoverwa kwehutano hwemhaka pakati pemwanasikana nemunero weamai.

The telophase

Chromosomes iri pamatanda. Pasi pemaikroscope, zvinova zvakaoma kuzviona, sezvo pedo nepamusoro peganda guru rinoumbwa. Iko kunokera kwekuparadzanisa kwakaparadzwa zvachose.

Muzvirimwa, membrane inoumba pakati pekamuri, zvishoma nezvishoma ichipararira kumapuranga. Anoparadzanisa amai vesero muzvikamu zviviri. Kana kambani yakanyatsokura, rusvingo rwe cellulose runooneka.

Zvinosanganisira mitosis

Kupatsanurwa kwemajeri kunogona kudziviswa nekuda kwekushisa kwakakwirira, zvinokonzerwa nehupfu, miviri. Munguva yekudzidza sero mitosis mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana evanhu, zvinokwanisika kushandisa mapeisoni anodzivisa mitosis pachigadziko chemetaphase. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvibvirire kudzidza ma chromosomes zvakadzama, kuita carotomy.

Mitosis in the table

Chimbofunga zvikamu zvekupatsanurwa kwekamuri mu tafura iri pasi apa.

Nzira ye mitosis zvidzidzo inogonawo kutevedzerwa maererano neetafura.

Mitosis mumhuka nemiti

Zvinhu zvekuita izvi zvinogona kurondedzerwa mutafura inofananidzwa.

Saka, takakurukura nzira yekuparadzanisa masero muzvipenyu zvemhuka uye nemiti, pamwe chete nemamiriro avo uye kusiyana.