Ozone igesi rebhuruu. Properties uye kushandiswa kwemhepo. Ozone mumhepo

Ozone igesi. Kusiyana nevamwe vakawanda, haisi pachena, asi ine ruvara rwemhando uye kunyange kunhuwa. Iripo mumhepo yedu uye ine chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru. Ndeipi huwandu hwezone, hukuru hwayo nezvimwe zvinhu? Ndeipi basa rake muhupenyu hwepasi?

Gasi rebhuruu

Muchizimie, ozone haina nzvimbo yakasiyana mumutsetse we periodic. Zvose nokuti haasi icho chinhu. Ozone is allotropic kuchinjwa kana kuchinja kwe okisijeni. Sezvakanyorwa muna O2, iyo molecule inosanganisira chete maatomu emojeni, asi haina maviri asi matatu. Nokudaro, makemikari ayo anoratidzika se O3.

Ozone igesi rebhuruu. Iyo ine furo inopenya yakajeka inofanana neklorini, kana yakanyanya kukwirira. Iwe unorangarira kunhuwa kwehutsva mumvura here? Uyu ozone. Nemhaka yeimba iyi, yakava nezita rayo, nokuti kubva mumutauro wekare wechiGiriki "ozone" - "inofuta".

Iyo inonzi gas molecule inonzi polar, maatomu mairi akabatanidzwa pane imwe nzvimbo ye 116.78 °. Ozone inoumbwa apo yeatomu yeakisijeni yakasununguka yakawedzerwa kune O2 molecule. Izvi zvinowanzoitika panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso, kusvibiswa kwephosphorus, kubudiswa kwemagetsi kana kuparara kweperoxides, panguva iyo maatomu e oxygen anosunungurwa.

Properties of ozone

Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai, ozone iripo segesi rine molecule inorema inenge 48 g / mol. Iyo diamagnet, kureva kuti, haikwanise kuswedera kune maginita, sekufanana nesirivha, ndarama kana nitrogen. Uwandu hwezone ndewe 2.1445 g / dm3.

Mamiriro akaoma, ozone inowana ruvara rwebhuruu-rutsvuku, mumvura iyo iri indigo, iri pedyo nepepuru. Nzvimbo yekubikira is 111.8 degrees Celsius. Pachishambiso che zero degrees, inoputika mumvura (mumvura yakachena chete) kanopfuura katatu kupfuura oksijeni. Iyo inosanganiswa zvakakwana neyemetane yakachena, nitrogen, fluorine, argon, uye pasi pemamwe mamiriro eine oxygen.

Pasi pechiito chechimwe chezvinhu zvinokonzera, zviri nyore kuti idivize, kusunungura maatomu eokisijeni asina mahwanda. Kukurukurirana naye, pakarepo yakatsvaira. Iyo chinhu inokwanisa kukanganisa zvinenge zvese zvese. Izvo platinum chete negoridhe hazvikwereti kune zvazviri. Inoparadza zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu uye zvinonhuwira. Paunobata ammonia, inoumba ammonium nitrite, inoparadza kabhiri kabhoni.

Kuvapo mumhepo munzvimbo yakakwirira, ozone inoparara. Muchiitiko ichi, kupisa kunobudiswa uye molecule O2 inoumbwa. Iyo yakakwirira iyo yakanyanyisa, yakanyanya kusimba kusunungurwa kugadzirisa. Nehuta ye ozone inopfuura 10%, inosanganisira kuputika. Nekuwedzera kwekushisa nekuderedza kudzvinyirira kana kusangana nezvinhu zvakasikwa, kuparara kwe O3 kunokurumidza.

Nhoroondo yekuwanikwa

Muchizimie, ozone haina kuzivikanwa kusvika muzana remakore rechi18. Yakawanikwa muna 1785 nekuda kwehuhu hunofanirwa nefizianist van Van Marum pedyo nemashini ekugadzira magetsi. Imwe makore makumi mashanu shure kwaizvozvo, gesi haina kuonekwa mukuongorora kwesayenzi nekutsvakurudza.

Musayendisiti Christian Schoenbane muna 1840 akadzidza kusvibiswa kwechena phosphorus. Pakati pekuedza, akakwanisa kuziva chinhu chisingazivikanwi, icho chaakatumidza kuti "ozone." Nyanzvi yemakemikari yakatora chidzidzo chezvinhu zvake uye yakatsanangura nzira dzekuwana gasi rainge rachangobva kuwanikwa.

Nokukurumidza, mamwe masayendisiti akabatana nekutsvakurudza kwezvinhu. Nyanzvi inozivikanwa yefizikiro Nikola Tesla yakavakawo yekutanga ozone generator. Kushandiswa kwekushandisa kweO3 kwakatanga pamagumo ezana remakore rechina rekutanga nekusvika kwekutanga kwekuisa kwekupa mvura yekunwa kumisha. Chinhu chacho chaishandiswa pakuchenesa.

Ozone mumhepo

Nyika Yedu yakapoteredzwa nekusingaoneki kwekomba kubva mumhepo - mumhepo. Pasina iyo, hupenyu hwepasi hwakange husingaiti. Mhepo yakadzika midzi: oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, hydrogen, methane nedzimwe gasi.

Ozone pachayo haisipo uye inongowanikwa semagumisiro emagetsi. Pedyo nepamusoro pePasi, inoumbwa nekuda kwemagetsi ekubuda kwemheni panguva yemheni. Zvisizvo zvingaonekwa nekuda kwekubuda kwemotokari, zvirimwa, mafesi eine mafuta, kushandiswa kwemasimba emhepo anopisa.

Ozone yezvikamu zvezasi zvemhepo inonzi pasi kana tropospheric. Pano panewo imwecheteyo. Iko kunomira pasi pekuitwa kwemazuva ano ultraviolet kubva kuzuva. Inoumbwa iri kure nemakiromita makumi maviri namashanu kubva kumusoro kwenyika uye yakatambanudzwa kusvika pakakwirira mamita 25-30.

O3 yeStatospheric inoumba huni ye ozone yepasi, iyo inodzivirira iyo kubva kumagetsi ezuva ane simba. Inobata anenge 98% emirairo ye ultraviolet newavelength yakakwana yekutanga kwekenza uye inopisa.

Kushandiswa kwezvinhu

Ozone is an excellent oxidizer and destroyer. Iyi pfuma yava nenguva yakashandiswa kuchenesa mvura yekunwa. Izvo zvinhu zvinokuvadza pamabhakitiriya ane ngozi uye mavairasi kuvanhu, uye iyo pachayo inoshandiswa kuva mhepo isina hutachiona panguva yechijidhe.

Inokwanisa kuuraya kunyange zvipenyu izvo zvinorwisana neklorini. Mukuwedzera, iyo inoshandiswa kuchenesa mafodzwa kubva mumiti yakashata inokonzerwa nepetroleum, sulphides, phenols, nezvimwewo. Miitiro yakadaro yakawanda zvikuru kuU.S. uye dzimwe nyika dzeEurope.

Ozone inoshandiswa mukurapa kushandisa zvinodhaka, mumhizha nemubatsiro waro, peji yebhajiji, mafuta akachena, kuwana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kushandiswa kwe O3 pakuchenesa mweya, mvura uye imba inonzi ozonation.

Ozone uye murume

Pasinei nezvose zvakakosha, ozone inogona kuva nengozi kuvanhu. Kana pane gasi rakawanda mumhepo kupfuura munhu anogona kuregerera, kushaya chepfu hakugoni kudziviswa. MuRussia, tsika yayo inotenderwa i1 μg / l.

Kana iyi miganhu ichipfuura, zviratidzo zvinoratidza kutyiswa kwemakemikari, zvakadai senyoka, kushungurudzika kwemukati, chizungu. Ozone inoderedza kupikiswa kwemuviri kune zvirwere zvinoparadzirwa kuburikidza nehutano hwemapfupa, uye kunoderedzawo kuwedzera kweropa. Kana iyo yakawanda yegesi inopfuura 8-9 μg / l, pulmonary edema uye kunyange rufu zvinogoneka.

Munyaya iyi, zviri nyore kuona ozone mumhepo. Kunhuwira kwe "freshness", chlorine, kana "crayfish" (sezvakataurwa naMendeleev) zvinonzwisisika kunyange kunyange nehuwandu hwehupenyu.