Vagari nenharaunda yeCrimea: nhamba uye chokwadi. Ndeipi nzvimbo yeCrimea Peninsula?

Muchikamu chino tichataura nezvekona isina kukodzera uye yakasiyana-siyana yenyika-pamusoro peTavrida yakanaka! Vanhu vangani vanorarama panharaunda uye chii chakaenzana nenharaunda yeCrimea? Nharaunda, chimiro, madzinza uye zvechitendero zvakagadzirirwa vanhu veCrimea vachava nyaya dzekutarisa nyaya ino.

Crimea: mhedziso yezita re peninsula

Kare kare, kumashure munguva yekare, uko kwave iko ikozvino - kumaodzanyemba kweCrimea, ndiyo yaiva misha yekare yeTaurus. Kunyange zvakadaro iyo peninsula yakatakura zita guru reTavrika. Zita rokuti Crimea, iyo nyika yemazuva ano inonyatsoziva, kare veTavrika yakapiwa mazana emakore gare gare. Izvi zvakaitika chete pakutanga kwezana remakore reXIV. Vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti zita racho rinosanganiswa neguta reMongolian rinonzi Kyrym. Uye iyo yose ndeyokuti mushure mekunge maMongolia atora chikamu chekumusoro kweGungwa Dzvuku, Khan weHorde akagara muguta rino ndokutumidza zvinhu zvake mukukudza nyika yake.

Pane imwe shanduro yezvakabva zita racho. Zvichida pane kuwirirana pakati peCrimea nePerekop Isthmus. Mushure mezvose, muTurkic "kuchimba" rinonzwika se "kyrym", iyo "dongo". MuMiddle Ages peninsula yakatumidzwa zita rokuti Tavria. Zita racho rakangochinjwa mushure mekunge ndima yaro yakanyongedzwa kuMambo weRussia. Kubvira pakuguma kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, peninsula nechepamusoro pedo kune iyo yainzi Tavrida.

Ndeipi nzvimbo yose yeCrimea? Izvi zvichakurukurwa gare gare.

Territory of Crimea: nzvimbo uye nzvimbo

Crimea yakashambidza makungwa maviri kamwe kamwe: Azov uye Black. Mhenderekedzo yepeninsula inosvika zviuru zviviri zvemakiromita! Hafu yenguva iyi inoreva Prisivasha.

Mune maitiro ayo eCrimea yakafanana nechinokanganisa quadrangle. Chaizvoizvo, sei chiCrimea inonzi peninsula, uye kwete chiwi chakazara? Nyaya iri muPerekop Isthmus iri makiromita 8, iyo inosungirirana iyo kusvika kune imwe nyika. Parizvino ndiyo yakanyanyisa kumusoro kwepeninsula. Ikoko kumaodzanyemba iri kuCape Sarych.

Ndeipi nzvimbo yeCrimea? Kana iri kureba kwegungwa nemiganhu yenyika, iyo makiromita 2500. Kana iwe uchibatanidza mafungiro, ipapo mumucheka weCrimea unogona kuona brashe remuzambiringa, mwoyo kana kunyange shiri inobhururuka. Nzvimbo yeCrimean Peninsula inenge makiromita makumi maviri emakiromita.

Zvisikwa uye zororo

Nharaunda yeCrimea iduku, asi peninsula ine chinhu chakasiyana-siyana: iyi inoshamisa zvinoshamisa zvezvinhu zvakasikwa uye nzvimbo. Miti nemhuka zvepeninsula zvinoshamiswa nekunaka kwayo nekufuma. MuCrimea unogona kushanyira nzvimbo yekumavirira, unakidzwe nemaonero emiti yemizambiringa yakasvibira kana miti yakasviba yekumaodzanyemba kwegungwa, anoyemura matombo emhepo yakabva kune mhepo, kana kuti inoburukira mubako re karst.

Kana chiri chimiro chekusunungurwa, Crimea inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu:

• Inopfuura 7/10 inzvimbo yeNorth-Crimean.

• Kerch Peninsula ine mapani aro-makomo.

• Chikamu chemakomo chepeninsula.

Guta guru reCrimean makomo rine nzvimbo yakakwirira. Iko ketani yemakamuri akaparadzana, akashandiswa nemaketone ane zvigwamba zvepamusoro. Gadzira aya mabhii (yail) akadzika canyons kubva kune mumwe.

Vagari veCrimea

Kutonga kubva munharaunda yaOctober 2014, peninsula Crimea inenge mamiriyoni maviri vagari. Gore rakapfuura, maererano nemashoko akawanikwa kubva kuUkraine, nharaunda yenyika ino yakatora vanenge 20.5 zviuru zveCrimean. Zvisinei, panguva imwecheteyo 200 000 vanhu vakatamira kuCrimea kubva munzvimbo dzeLugansk neDonetsk. Vatorwa vanogara uye vanoshandira panharaunda inenge 50 000.

Kunyangwe pamagumo ezana remakore rechigumi nemana, vazhinji vevanhu veCrimea vaimiririrwa nevaTatar. Zvisinei, mazana emakore gare gare peninsula yakava nharaunda yakasiyana-siyana yakagarwa nevamiriri vemarudzi ose emarudzi. Nhasi, dzinopfuura zana dzemadzinza akasiyana-siyana dzinogara muCrimea, iyo yakawanda kwazvo yeRussia (68%), Ukrainians (16%), Crimean Tatars (11%), Armenian (inenge 1%).

Chitendero chakapararira zvikuru muCrimea ndiyo Orthodoxy. Vashoma vashoma vasirimi, kunevo vapurotesitendi uye vaKaturike, vaJudha.

Iyo nzira yekuguta mumugwagwa munharaunda

Maererano negore ra2014, nhamba yemaguta muguta re peninsula yaiva 1.3 mamiriyoni evanhu, kana 58% yehuwandu hwevanhu. Mumakore gumi apfuura, nhamba yevagari vemo yakaderera zvikuru. Ichi chiratidzo ndicho chikonzero chekuti zvachose maguta ose eguta reguta muna 2014 akange apiwa mvumo kumatare emisha.

Rudzi rwechizvarwa, iro rune nhamba yaro rwakakunda pane peninsula - ndiRussia. Ivo vari vazhinji pakati pevanhu vomunharaunda, asi kwete muhuwandu hwemaruwa. Mumisha ivo vachiri vaduku, nokuti Ukrainians uye, zvechokwadi, Crimean Tatars inowanikwa ikoko.

Chido kuziva chokwadi pamusoro pe peninsula

1. Crimea inzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana, iyo inogona kuitika panguva imwe chete inowanikwa nharaunda 3. Aya ndiwo mafasiro, makomo nemaoko.

2. Miti yeCrimea inosanganisira 240 marudzi ezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinongowanikwa chete munharaunda yaro.

3. ICrimea yakazvienzanisa nemugwagwa wakareba zvikuru wekutakura vanhu: kureba kwetaundi yeTrolleybus pakati pemaguta eSimferopol neYalta anenge anenge 90 km!

4. "Krymtrolleibus" yakanyorwa muGuinness Book of World Records imwe imwe parameter. Ichokwadi, izvi hazvikwanisi kunzi kubudirira. Nzvimbo yekufambisa inoputika zvakakwana zvachose, uye muvhareji wezera re trolleybus yero makore makumi maviri, iyo inonzi imwe nhoroondo munyika!

5. Zvinoshamisa kuti pane peninsula ndiyo shoma shoma rezvitima. Pakureba haina kusvika pamakiromita maviri, uye chinangwa chekusika kwayo ndechimwe-kukurumidza kutakura vatasviki kune rimwe gungwa.

6. Panzvimbo yepamusoro inzvimbo yakasimba yezuva. Hungu, haisi nyore, asi yakasimba zvikuru munyika yose! Yakavakwa nevaAustria munharaunda yePerovo musha muna 2011.

7. Vamiririri vemarudzi anenge 130 vanogara muCrimea nhasi!

Mhedziso

Iye zvino unoziva zvinhu zvose pamusoro penharaunda yeCrimea uye vanhu venyika iyi inoshamisa. Inowedzera yakadzika muGungwa Dzvuku uye iri pedyo zvachose kubva kune imwe nyika. Nzvimbo yeCrimea iri makiromita makiromita makumi maviri. Vanenge mamiriyoni maviri vanhu vanogara mundima iyi.

Nzvimbo yeCrimea, sezvaunogona kuenzanisa, yakanyanya kuduku. Zvisinei, nharaunda ye peninsula inosanganisira kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwemahombekombe, maruva nemhuka.