Practical Physics: photoemission

Pasinei kure paavhareji munhu muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva kamwe zvaiyambuka nokuda chikoro kwakarongwa, chiri Njerama uye ndicharizivisa nezvako kurangarira. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kana totaura chinonakidza kuti photoemission.

tsananguro

Photoeffect Physics vaifungidzira kunangiswa kwacho maerekitironi ari maatomu, mamorekuru, zvinhu, izvo unovapo rikauya kana pachena nechiedza. A photoemission - mumwe mutoo umo maerekitironi vari agogodza chiedza nesimba zvokuti ibvai mhiri dzokunze muganhu zvinhu.

History uye Practice

Kokutanga iri zvinoshamisa chokwadi akacherechedza yefizikisi kubva kuGermany, Genrih Gerts ari kure 1887. Huro kudzidza mberi bhururu Hertz, Russian yefizikisi Stoletov. A shasha, Einstein yakatanga dzidziso yacho photoelectric maturo zvomumusoro ose quantum wefizikisi. Sezvo photoemission akadzidza zvakadzika zvakakwana uye ichiita mabasa akawanda, uye kushandisa nezivo zvizere pamasikiro uye anogadzira zvinhu photovoltaic mano yakavakirwa. Kana isu kutora inokosha muenzaniso, ichi otomatiki gedhi nokuda garaji, kumhanya pamusoro masero kwezuva.

Zvigadziriswe iyi mhando ushande magetsi simba. Zvisinei, rezuva masero kuti kushandisa zvokunze photoeffect chete, rokuchinja simba ikabereka panguva nemwaranzi kupinda nemagetsi zvachose. Naizvozvo, kuzvishandisa sezvo manyuko magetsi hakuna zvakunoreva chaiyo, haagoni pamusoro kushandisa michina. Ndizvo uchibatsirwa chiedza matanda rinowanikwa kuyeuka nematunhu zvaitika kuzvidzora zvigadziriswe.

Pasina kuwedzerera, tinogona nharo kuti yawanikwa photoelectric mugumisiro chaiva chiitiko echimurenga zvechokwadi wefizikisi. Heano kukosha nemigumisiro yayo:

• pamberi masayendisiti kuburitsa zvakavanzika hunhu yechiedza, nechiedza danda;
• sinema kubva chinyararire akanga "kutaura" vakanga yagadzirwa nzira inzwi, uye chokwadi pamusoro kuchinjwa kubva zvinofamba mufananidzo iri zvibvire kunokwana photoelectric chaizvoizvo;
• kusikwa pachishandiswa michina yakadaro uye "michina akangwara" photoelectric namano, akapa parameters ari siyana dzinoitwa pasina kupindira kwevanhu;
• mumwe muzvizhinji kuti zvigadziriswe siyana inobva photoelectron kushandisa michina.

Nokudaro, kushandisa chaiwo photoelectric chaizvoizvo, uye ikava budiriro iri yazvino.

kupatsanura masero rezuva

Photo Marwadzo akakamurwa marudzi akawanda maererano zvivako zvavo uye mabasa.

1. The kwokunze photoelectric mugumisiro (nemamwe mazwi - photoelectron achine). Maerekitironi kuti vari chaibwinya kunze nefuma Pazvinoitika vanonzi photoelectrons. Uye magetsi, izvo zvinoumba kana yakarongeka kufamba ari zvokunze yemagetsi munda, yainzi photocurrent.
2. Internal photoelectric zvazviri, kufurira photoconductive zvinhu. It kunoitika apo maerekitironi vari redistributed pamusoro semiconductors uye insulators zvichienderana nesimba ezvinhu aggregation uye - yakasimba kana mvura. redistribution Fani kunoitika pasi pokudzora chiedza. Zvino anowedzera magetsi conductivity ane fuma, i.e., zvinoitika nezvaizoitwa photoconductivity.
3. Valve photoelectric chaizvoizvo - inonzi yakapedza photoelectrons kubva miviri yavo nedzimwe nezvishoma (semiconductors) kana mvura (electrolyte).

External photoelectric nezvinozoitika hwaro basa ano Vacuum photocells. Ivo anogadzirwa mune girazi chinu umo yomukati pamusoro iri zvishoma zvinenge zvakazara nhete paiva esimbi deposition. A zvishomanana rukoko ukobvu inopa chiduku basa goho. Transparent hwindo inopfuura mukati chiedza girobhu racho riri mukati mayo anode muchimiro waya zvishwe kana ukabata Disc photoelectrons. Kana anode chokuita zvakanaka danda riri bhatiri, izvozvo rinogumisa dunhu, ruchapinda pamusoro Magetsi. kureva Vacuum rezuva masero anogona batidza kana kubva ataure.

Nokuva masero rezuva uye relays, wagadzira zvakasiyana-siyana "kuona" michina Somuenzaniso, muchina iri pevhu.

Saka, kuiswa hwaro maindasitiri mazhinji urongwa, asi kwokunze photoelectric mugumisiro sezvo guru zvakawanwa mumuviri vakanga kiyi anobudirira nokushanda maindasitiri kushandisa michina.