Production kunyatsoshanda munyika zvikuru nyika tsanga pamusika yokurera

Greater basa pakudzivirira National zvoupfumi zvido kuridza chinoshingaira mabhizimisi youshamwari hwavo anonzwisisa weighted vagari, nechinangwa, kune rumwe rutivi, nhaurirano nehurumende, uye kuno rumwe - iri kuda munhu akasimba kudzivirira kodzero dzavo pamutemo. Mune zvokudya, mumwe kuziva zvinokonzera ukama izvi ndiwo upfumi kunyatsoshanda okuwana yezviyo.

Maererano utsanzi upfumi, ano dzinoitwa kudyidzana uye internationalization hwenyika chezviyo kugadzirwa kunyatsoshanda, uyewo dambudziko simba zvavo, anoramba unsolved. Uyezve, munyika yanhasi Internet munharaunda, kuvapo dzakawanda mashoko pamusoro dzakawanda dzinotsanagura kugadzirwa uye kuparadzwa, kusanganisira zvokudya, chinoramba zvisingagadziriswi dambudziko mashoko rutsigiro kugadzirwa kurapa kwakadaro chinokosha mhando chigadzirwa, sezvo zvokudya uye inosimbisa mbeu.

tsvakurudzo Our nechinangwa kuratidza nyika sayenzi uye tsika sezvo pachena solvable uye akakodzera nhasi ndiyo kugadzirwa kunyatsoshanda iri zvokurima nemauto hwenyika uye mashoko basa dzinoongorora anokosha kuitika munyika zviyo pamusika. Chete pashure nekugadzirisa kirasi iyi matambudziko kuita nokutendeseka mabasa vamwe vari kurapa magariro evanhu.

Back mukutanga pakati 2010, FAO nyanzvi (Food uye Agriculture yeUnited Nations) rakashuma kuti dambudziko chikafu haasi kutarisirwa, kunyange zvazvo dzakawanda misika zvokudya dzinotsauka, sezvo kushanda inowira mukurima zvokudya. Zvisinei, munyika yose zvinoitwa yakapinza kusvetuka mu mitengo kuti zvigadzirwa zvokudya mukupera 2010 uye mangwanani 2011 akatungamirira nyanzvi kutaura sangano rimwe dambudziko idzva chikafu. Ichangobva mushumo FAO panyaya iyi zvinoshamisa. mitengo World zvokudya zvekutepfenyura yakasvika chinyorwa rinokosha January 2011, apo FAO Index yakawedzera pamusoro mwedzi 3.4% uye vakasvika 231 pfungwa.

Kusimbisa vanomirirwa pakadaro nhasi uye hwava kuitika munyika zviyo pamusika, uye unoenderana kunyatsoshanda mu mabhizimisi okurima kugadzira.

Hwaro maonero iri pachena simba panyika pamusika zviyo yasara okuita akawanda nyika zvokudya kumusika chidimbu, umo zviyo rinoshandiswa senzira mbishi zvinhu (furawa, bota, etc.) kana kuva chikafu yaikura zvipfuwo uye yehuku.

Kana isu kutaura inokosha dzinoitwa zvichiitika nhasi nyika zviyo pamusika kuchinja, vava sezvinotevera maererano hachishandi.

Basic tsanga vaburitsi - China neIndia - vari kuramba vachiva importers yegorosi uye nezviyo. Izvi imhaka zvinotevera:

- Maumbirwe mumakore achangodarika, kuwedzera kudiwa chikafu munyika idzi nokuda kunobuda mari vokuparidzira;

- kunonoka nechipiriso kurimwa munyika idzi achishandisa kukura zvezvipfuwo kudya;

- kuderera munyika idzi mumakore achangopfuura, dzinongoitika mamiriro kumatunhu ose chinokosha kugadzirwa yezviyo.

Ichokwadi kuti vaviri nyika hunowedzera kufunga National zviyo kugadzirwa:

- China akoka munyika makambani Asia guru mubasa kurongwa ezvokutengeserana kurimwa yechibage, achikwezva ruzivo munyika pakusikwa emakambani ano kuti kugadzirwa zvadzinofura vakohwi uye kuvandudza pamusoro kunyatsoshanda yavo.

- India saka kure vakakundikana kugadzirisa dambudziko rikurumidze kushandisa acreage zvavo, izvo vanoumba vanenge 10% yenyika achikanganisa. Izvi, kupfuura zvose, hazvibviri Mechanisation okurima kugadzira, kana purazi rine avhareji 1.5 hectares munyika arable.

Huru nyika kwekurasira zviyo, maererano nenyanzvi reInternational tsanga Council, havazokwanisi mumakore anouya kuwedzera kugadzirwa huru zvirimwa zviri mumusika nyika - gorosi, chibage nomupunga.

The Muitiro akatotanga wakaratidzwa zviyo-kwekurasira kunyika hwezasi hemisphere (Australia, Argentina), zvinoratidza kuti zvibereko zvezviyo zvirimwa kwekurasira nyika muna 2012/2013 gore, kudyara zvingava yakaderera nokuda kwezvikonzero ekunze.

In dzinoverengeka zviyo-kwekurasira kunyika kuchamhembe hemisphere nokuda kwezvikonzero regore rakapera mamiriro ekunze murombo uye musangano vakakundikana kusika reserves nokudyara yepamusoro mbeu.

nyika wega kwekurasira yekudyidzana amutsa pakupera 2011, mitengo kubva reserves uye yapfuura makore zviyo vasati kukwanisa anobatsira kuzoitengesazve.

A dzinoverengeka kwekurasira nyika (Russia, Ukraine) rambidza kana kurambidza aina ayo zviyo, izvo inoenda yepamusoro mitengo iri zviyo pamusika.

Nokupfupikisa ziva kuitika zvinokosha zviyo pamusika, zvinokwanisika kuzoumba zvimwe mhedziso:

- zviyo romugove kutengeswa nyika muna 2012, achawa asi kwokudiwa iri muropa zvakawanda kuwedzera;

- vakawanda zviyo importers haazorambi simba kudikanwa zviyo kupinzwa tichiregeredza mudzimba kugadzirwa kukura rwokuzvarwa uye ezvoupfumi asi currency reserves kuwedzera kutenga kubva kwavari richashayikwa;

- pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo exporters havagoni kupa akakumbira uwandu zvakachipa zviyo importing nyika havazokwanisi kutenga nekuda kwemitengo yezvinhu zvose yaida mari nezviyo;

- chokwadi, dambudziko iri nekusagona kukura uye kupa nyika dzichiri kubudirira-importers zviyo ngozi kuti chikamu chikuru chenyika kuti zviyo kuti vabudirire yakabvuma mutengo mumusika dzakawanda;

- okunze muna 2012, sezvo mumakore apfuura, achava kunyanya inokanganisa zviyo kugadzirwa zvabuda.