Purezidhendi wechipiri Ukraine Leonid Kuchma: Biography, mapikicha

Leonid Kuchma (akaberekwa August 9, 1938) akanga ari mutungamiri yechipiri akazvimirira Ukraine kubva 19 July 1994 kusvika 23 January 2005. Akatora hofisi pashure mukuwana 1994 pasarudzo wenyika, akundwe nemuvengi wake - the incumbent mutungamiri Leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma akanga kuzodzosera akasarudzwa kuti mberi kwemakore mashanu izwi sezvo mutungamiri wenyika muna 1999.

Dzavo nzvimbo mavambo uye mavambo

Apo akatanga rwendo rwake upenyu, Leonid Kuchma? Biography ake akatanga mumusha Chaikino zvokurima Chernigov nharaunda. baba vake, Daniel Prokofievich (1901-1942) akava sapper muna Army muHondo Yenyika II, akakuvadzwa uye akafa mumunda muchipatara munyika Novgorod nharaunda, apo Leonid nemakore mana. Mother Praskovya Trofimovna akashanda zvose hwake papurazi.

makore kudzidza

Leonid Kuchma pashure kuvhara chikoro vokumaruwa akapinda Physics-Technical weVadzidzisi Vedare (FTF) Dnepropetrovsk State University, kudzidza muna 1960 gore, kuti zvinodiwa kuti zvokuimba injiniya. Chokwadi chokuti FTF yakanga fakaroti zvakaoma, rudzi unyanzvi kukoreji mukati yunivhesiti mukuru. Rave akanyorerwa yekudzidzisa mainjiniya kuti akamisa Dnipropetrovsk mudunhu kwemakore 50 rakakura nzvimbo-chitundumuseremusere kugadzirwa. Saka, vakawanda kudzidza ayo vakatumirwa kunoshanda Southern Machine-Building Plant kana chitundumuseremusere CB "South", izvo zviri 50-60-ies rinotungamirirwa akakurumbira General Mugadziri M. K. Yangel. Mumwe akatumwa jaya injiniya Leonid Kuchma.

A inobudirira sezvo injini basa

Ndezvipi mikana kumedura kuva hutungamiri chinzvimbo Bureau, apo mune zvakanaka mumakore kushanda kusvika 20 zviuru. Vashandi, vazhinji vacho vari vakapedza kudzidza vaitungamirira michina mumayunivhesiti muMoscow uye Leningrad, aiva mukomana wokuUkraine pashure amachinda chesekondari pamwero dzidzo chakanga zvakajeka pasi? Ndizvozvo, kwete. Asi, Leonid Kuchma muna 1982, kwave First Deputy General Mugadziri, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva V. F. Utkin. Uye asati akanga bato anenge 7 nemakore murongi KB, uye paiva vanopfuura zviuru 10 vaKomonisiti musangano nebato ravo, saka kuti kugadzwa Munyori Party sangano iri chikwata ichi chaiva anozviita reCentral Committee of CPSU.

Sei akabudirira? Akapesanisa chiedza Leonid akava inobudirira mukunda iyoyo mukuru technologist Yuzhmash dzakwidzwa vatamira Moscow, Bazi General Engineering sezvo musoro mumwe nechepakati mapuranga. Chokwadi, munhu nechinzvimbo chepamusoro baba vomurume akapa basa rake pakutanga tichimhanya.

Basa muSoviet nguva

Kazhinji, zvisinei, asi mumakore 15, Leonid Kuchma, chabva zvavo injiniya yokuedza chombo michina Manager at Baikonur Cosmodrome ari chinzvimbo Mugadziri Assistant Chief. Iwo chokwadi, munhu anonakidza uye perpektivnaya (mupfungwa kwohumwe basa kukura) pambiru. Pashure gadziriro dzose kanda pachake chombo kanda - mugumisiro basa zhinji chingashamwaridzana emakambani kubva pamusoro Soviet Union, muchirongwa magadzirirwo uye kugadzirwa rose zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa, izvo zvinosanganisira kuwedzera chitundumuseremusere pacharo Ndiyewo kanda ikanyanya kana zvangu, zvinoreva pakufamba, midziyo Kutarisira hurongwa, telemetry, kufamba etc. Progress rebvunzo mushumo nezuva kusvikira musoro Moscow-soro zviremera rehurumende uye vemauto, zvinowanzoda kumusoro makomisheni zhinji. Iye nguva dzose pamberi uye vachinzwa, munhu wose anoziva kuti anonzi muchinjikwa maripoti uye mashoko zviremera siyana. Pashure pokushanda kwemakore panguva yacho, nyanzvi iri kazhinji wakasimwa mukuru cheya pevane namagwatidziro kwavo kambani (kana mumwe nesangano).

Uye gamba redu muna 1975 vakatamira cheya webato wokutanga munyori "Southern" uye zvadaro Yuzhmash. Pakati Party Committee of chirimwa Kuchma akaenda pambiru First Deputy General Mugadziri KB muna 1982, uye kana kuguma 80s iye pamudyandigere makore akawanda Kumutungamiriri "Yuzhmash" Makarov, akagadzwa kuti shama pambiru.

Saka, nenguva pokuwa USSR, akauya aine mukurumbira somunhu mukuru maneja, kunyange paushe hwake basa, bato uye kugadzirwa haana kusika uye haana kuva chero ipi inokosha kugadzira kana kugadzirwa racho.

Premiership paaiva purezidhendi Kravchuk

Kare muna 1990 panguva iyoyo musoro Communist Party rweUkraine Vladimir Ivashko Kuchma akapa premiership, asi iye akaramba, dzichishandisa kusava ruzivo. Makore maviri apfuura, uye vazhinji, kusanganisira vakawanda Kuchma, zvakava pachena kuti nyika pasi President Kravchuk vakananga rakadzikadzika. Under nokutyisidzirwa kurasikirwa zvose iye yakawanikwa somugumisiro kuparara Soviet Union, East Ukrainian vepamusoro dzikarongwa uye akamanikidza Kravchuk, Kuchma rokugadza wehurumende ane simba kuti ape mitemo vane simba mutemo. Kubvira ipapo, ari Ukraine kwemakore anoverengeka regai mutero pasi Tax Code, uye maererano chirevo Cabinet vashumiri.

Leonid Kuchma - President

Iye akasiya pambiru Prime Minister rweUkraine September 1993 kumhanya kuti mutungamiri wenyika ari mangwanani musarudzo muna 1994 pamusoro papuratifomu kuti vabatsire upfumi kuburikidza yokudzorera zvoupfumi ukama Russia uye kuitisa nokukurumidza kumusika kuchinja. Iye wakunda zvakajeka pamusoro incumbent mutungamiri, Leonid Kravchuk, vakatsigirwa simba kubva maindasitiri munzvimbo kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba. zvikuru nemigumisiro ake vari kumadokero kwenyika.

Muna October 1994, Kuchma akatanga nzwisisika ezvoupfumi kuchinja, kusanganisira kubviswa kwemitengo, mutero unocheka, privatization kuti maindasitiri uye okurima emakambani, uyewo shanduko mune Exchange kuzvidzora uye rwezvemabhengi. Ukrainian Hryvnia wakatangwa muna 1996, epakutanga nzira iyo dhora yakanga 1.75.

Kuchma akanga kuzodzosera akasarudzwa muna 1999 wake wechipiri izwi. nguva ino, idzodzo kuti mupe rutsigiro simba kokutanga, akavhotera nemuvengi wake Peter Simonenko, uye nharaunda vasati voting pamusoro payo, pamusoro nekusiyana, chaimutsigira.

Mumakore gumi utungamiriri hwake, akapotsa ose gore vakachinja premiers. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - izvozvo Pavel Lazarenko akatongerwa muUnited States, uye Viktor Yushchenko, uyo akauya kutsiva Kuchma muna 2004.

Panguva yacho Executive mazwi maviri muUkraine kwakasimbiswa ari mamiriro administrative miviri uye zvemitemo zano wegadziriro achiri. Photography Leonida Kuchmy utungamiriri chechipiri nguva pasi apa.

Basa iri musarudzo dambudziko muna 2004

Kuchma muchinangwa mudambudziko iri haisati aizvinzwisisa. Pashure chechipiri ringa 22 November 2004 zvaiita kuti Yanukovych pasarudzo kubudikidza kubiridzira, nemhaka iyo nokushorwa uye yakazvimirira vachiona nharo migumisiro, izvo zvakaita kuti "orenji" chimurenga.

Zvinonzi Kuchma akakurudzirwa Yanukovych uye Viktor Medvedchuk (musoro hofisi wenyika) kuzivisa mauto atonge uye mubatirire Paaitsaurira Yanukovych. Kuchma haana. Gare gare, Yanukovych akapomera Kuchma pachena hurumende. Pashure kuuya simba Viktora Yuschenko pamusana ane rechitatu ose kuvhota nebumbiro, iye congratulated naye kukunda kwake uye pamutemo mumaoko simba kuti mutsivi munyika, asi nokukurumidza pashure paizvozvo akasiya Ukraine. Pashure Vatsigiri Yushchenko akadana Kuchma kuti utongi mhosva. Akadzokera kuna kuUkraine muna March 2005 zvimwe achawana kubva mutungamiri mutsva akavimbisa kutapata ake.

Okupedzisira 10 Makore akanga zvishoma zvikaiswa muupenyu enyika munyika, akapotsa haana kupa kubvunzurudza, haana Penyesai paterevhizheni. Kana kwete zviitiko okupedzisira maviri apfuura, isu pamwe haandinzwi zvimwe pamusoro murume uyu sezvo Kuchma Leonid Danilovich. Biography ake vaisanganisa neimwe peji inopenya, kana muna 2014 akagadzwa neMutungamiri Poroshenko kuti mumiririri pauzima muna Contact Group on kwakadzama muna Minsk nokuda kugarwa hondo muna Donbass.

Mhuri uye upenyu pachako

Leonid Kuchma akaroora Lyudmila Kuchma kubva 1967. Mwanasikana wake chete Helen kuroorwa Viktorom Pinchukom, yechiUkraine oligarch Jewish mavambo. Elena Pinchuk ane mwanakomana Roman (akaberekwa muna 1991 kubva muwanano yake yechiUkraine muzvinabhizimisi Igor Franchuk) uye vanasikana vaviri Victor Pinchuk.

Mushure pamudyandigere, Kuchma akabvumira kuchengeta hurumende dacha muna Koncha Zaspa pedyo Kiev. Akanga akabvumirawo varambe zvavo vemutungamiri muhoro zvakazara uye yose tsvimbo, pamwe nemotokari mbiri hurumende. Mari kuramba bindu uye motokari vanobhadharwa kubva nehurumende bhajeti.

Imwe nyaya kukonzera vamwe mufaro akapoteredza nounhu hwake. Ndiani aiva Kuchma Leonid Danilovich, vane rupi kana kwete zvose Ukrainians, uye vaJudha. Ungangove, izvi hazvina maturo. Uye anoparadzira vanhu vayo anodzvinyirira uye vakadzidza zvishoma vane chinangwa chete - iri chero nzira bosit mumvuri achirwara kuti zvakadai nenhamba yakakurumbira sezvo Kuchma Leonid Danilovich. Zita rake chairo ndiye mumwe hwaaizivikanwa munyika sezvo mutungamiri maviri-rokuti wokuUkraine.