RCC "Zircon": maitiro, yokuedzwa. Hypersonic rwendo chombo "Zircon"

Munyika yanhasi maoko nhangemutange zvikuru kushanda, kunyange kufungisisa chokwadi kuti wokupedzisira ichipfuurira kwakaitika kwemakore anopfuura makumi manomwe apfuura. Zvisinei, dzemunharaunda kurwisana kubva ipapo haana kurega, saka rimwe gore nyika kukura zvombo zvitsva uye zvitsva nokupedza mabhiriyoni emadhora pairi. Ichokwadi, sezvo mumwe dzine pakuitika vobatanidzwa uye Russian Federation. Nyaya ino rinonyanya imwe ichangobva kuitika munyika - ASM "Zircon". Chokutanga, ngationei kunzwisisa chii RCC, uye sei ruzivo urwu. Zvino zvichava zvinobvira kuenda zvakananga nokuongorora zvikuru ASM "Zircon".

RCC History

RCC - ichi Anti-chikepe zvombo, kureva mhando zvombo zvakagadzirirwa kukunda zvinangwa mvura. The zvirongwa izvi chombo rokutanga akazviratidza panguva World War Chokutanga, kana mauto mainjiniya vaifungidzira unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari, izvo Yaigona takasununguka nomumhepo akarova chinangwa mudzivisi waJehovha. Zvisinei, kekutanga chirongwa yakadaro kwaisava papepa, asi chaizvoizvo yatova nguva Second World War. Muna 1943, Germany yakabudirira akashandisa yakafanana Anti-chikepe chombo - uye kubva ipapo vakatanga kushingaira kugadzirwa ichi mhando zvombo.

Panguva Second World War, zvombo izvi zvakaita yakasimbiswa Japan uye United States of America, uye pashure pemakore gumi namashanu hondo yakapera, yokutanga dzakabudirira RCC raishandiswa Soviet Union - yaiva chombo P-15 "juru". Kubvira ipapo, kunyika dzakawanda kubudisa Anti-chikepe siyana zvombo kuti vari kuramba yakatanga uye akavandudzika. Kana wokutanga PKR German 1943 aigona chete kurwisa kure 18 makiromita, Soviet SIC 1983 U-750 "meteorite" aifanira kufukidza chinhambwe 5.500 makiromita.

Zvisinei, muhondo ano hazvina kupfuura chinokosha kurwiswa siyana uye kunyange simba rayo uye noungwaru - nhasi vatanga "meteorite" kuti refu zvinofanira pakarepo muonekwe radar nokutungirawo pasi anenge gumi mamita. Ndokusaka zvombo ano iduku zvikuru kukura, asi zvinogona Somuenzaniso, vakawanda daro vabhururuke yakaderera chaizvo kukwira, apo kuramba usingaonekwi muvengi radar, uye ipapo pamberi chinangwa zvikuru nendege kumusoro zvinobudirira zvikuru kurwisa chipfuro ichi.

Uyezve, vagadziri vanhasi vari kushanda pakagadzwa RCC, izvo zvinogona kusarudza chinangwa chavo uye vakamuradzika nzira, nokudaro kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda zviridzwa kakawanda. Zvisinei, ichi vagadziri American - asi chii pamusoro Russia?

Izvi ndipo unofanira chinja kuti ASM "Zircon". Kukura chombo ichi zvawave kwenguva refu, uye muedzo sokuti kwakatanga muna 2012, asi mashoko aya haisi yasimbiswa. ASM "Zircon" vanofanira kuva shoko idzva munhoroondo maoko rudzi - asi chii rinokuyeuchidza rinomiririrei? Chii date nezvazvo vava kuzivisa veruzhinji?

Imhandoi chombo?

The chombo 3M22 "Zircon" - mumwe matsva zvaiitika wokuRussia nemauto rwokugadzira. Kutaura zvazviri, kana isu kundorondedzera basa zvishoma, ichi hypersonic Anti chikepe chombo operative kushandiswa. Basa iri kuvandudza, kugadzira, kuongorora uye nokutumwa akatanga muna 2011 - Ipapo akauya panotaurwa rokutanga pachaunga. Zvisinei, kutaura zvazviri, basa zvaigona kutakurwa pamberi, asi mashoko aya kashoma munhu achasunungura kana kusimbisa. Kugadzirwa chombo ichi chave "ouinjiniya NGOs" - uye nokuda ruzivo urwu, pane dzimwe makuhwa, kureva kuti 3M22 "Zircon" chombo vanoshandiswa wedzinza rimwe chirongwa kubva chete mugadziri, "Fireball" chombo hurongwa.

mamwe mashoko

Saka zvino munoziva ndedzipi zvitundumuseremusere "Zircon", uyewo kukura kwavo yakatangwa. Chokwadi, pane vatsigiri dzidziso kuti yose muitiro yave akatanga ipapa, asi dzidziso unogona kuuya pamwe yakawanda. Kana chokwadi, pane mapepa, maererano pazviri muna 2011, yakanga yarongwa rinokosha boka indasitiri wacho kutungamirira vagadziri, uko basa kukura chombo chinoita zvokukandwa uye chombo gadziriro yose chakagadzwa.

Maiva muna 2011 anosanganisira vanodhirowa zvose chombo chacho subsystems siyana rokutanga. Zviitiko zvose rwaiitwa mu "NPO Machine Building", uyewo yaro STRUCTURAL nokupesana, kusanganisira UPKB "Detail". Zvisinei, chete vakawanda kugadzirwa zvitundumuseremusere izvi vachaitwa muna Software "Arrow" muguta Orenburg. Ava rokutanga Data kuti mune ramangwana angachinja asi sekune 2016 zvinonzi akaronga kushandisa Orenburg "Arrow", kubereka zvombo "Zircon".

Suspension budiriro

Muna 2012, muchina wokudhinda akatanga achigarira maoko hunoshamisa mashoko - pane uchapupu hwokuti chombo itsva "Zircon" hakumbofi kuberekwa. mabhuku akawanda akashuma kuti chirongwa iri kana kuvharwa zvachose kana yakaturikwa kuchinja zvikuru. No uchapupu panguva iyoyo haana kutevera, saka vanhu vaigona chete zvokufungidzira kana vakatangazve basa pabasa iri.

Somugumisiro, hurumende yakasarudza ibatane kushanda pakuvaka "NPO Machine Building" ne "Raduga" - danho iri rakatorwa kuti kutangazve basa iri saka zvakakosha muchiuto nemauto munyika chirongwa. "Zircon" aifanira kunyoresa Navy of Russian Federation pasinei nezvose, saka kuti matanho zvose zvakafanira kunge akaendeswa chirongwa yave defrosted.

Somugumisiro, basa chitundumuseremusere rakatanga muchirimo 2013 vanhu vakadzidza kuti mugore rokupedzisira paine zvimwe zvinetso, saka basa racho rakanga yakaturikwa, asi abolition pamusoro pokumuka zvombo "Zircon" Kutaura haagoni kuva.

The ezvinhu aripo

Chii chiri kuitika pamwe gwaro mumakore achangopfuura? Chokwadi, panguva 2013 uye 2014 kwaiva chinoshingaira kusimudzira chirongwa - sezvambotaurwa, pane kunyange mashoko kuti miedzo yake yokutanga rwaiitwa ipapa, zvisinei, mashoko aya hapana anobvuma. Maererano pamutemo zvinyorwa, ndiko bedzi muzhizha ra2015 pakaziviswa kuti zvombo wakagadzirira kunovhenekwa. Ungangove, kuedzwa vepakutanga kuitika, asi muna 2015 atova wenguva-pamwero miedzo nehurumende pamwero.

Somugumisiro, muna February 2016 akaudzwa kuti kuedzwa vakatotanga - uye pamusoro pakapera chirongwa achapiwa akazivisa akagadzirira vakawanda kugadzirwa. In April 2016 akaudzwa kuti muedzo richagara kwegore rose uye zvichazadziswa muna 2017, uye muna 2018 kare vakawanda kugadzirwa RCC "Zircon" vachaparadzwa kwakatangwa. Hunhu chombo ichi asati amuudza zvakazara, asi tinoziva zvikuru zvakawanda details, izvo huchakurukurwa.

Starter midziyo

Hypersonic rwendo chombo 3M22 "Zircon" vachamhanya kubva Russian chombo ngarawa 11442M. Sezvingatarisirwa, hazvibviri nokuparura munhu chitundumuseremusere pasina okuwedzera midziyo nokungoramba rokukwidza mukati. Ndokusaka mashoko sevatsvaki vemapuranga achaiswa vakagadzirira pamwe rinokosha launcher 3C-14-11442M. kugadzwa uku wehunyambiri kanda, izvo inovandudzika zvikuru functionality kwaiita chombo. Zvisinei, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti nhamba iyi kunyange chaizvo yakachena, asi anoramba conjectural - pamusoro nguva zvinhu zvinogona kuchinja, asi mashoko kupfuura Kuyerera chaizvo nhasi ichi.

kuzvidzora uye nhungamiro hurongwa

Kuzvidzora uye kutungamirirwa gadziriro, iyo ichashandiswa actuate mashoko "Zircon", zvombo Russian yakagadzirwa yoga. Izvi zvine musoro, sezvo zviri izvi hurongwa uye zvikuru mikana nhema RCC. Sezvambotaurwa, wokutanga Anti-chikepe zvombo haigoni kubhururuka kure, uye kutungamirirwa akatakurwa zvikuru kukutsvinyira. In ezvinhu enyika yanhasi zvakasiyana nokure, saka pakutanga-kumusoro, utariri, uye chombo kutungamirirwa anopiwa zvakawanda nezvayo.

Zvino PKR inogona kubhururuka panguva zvikuru yakaderera altitudes kudzivisa muvengi radar uye kugadzira nzira yako kuna chinangwa, inova inonyatsobudirira, uye kugadziridza nayo sezvo chinofamba. Systems nokuti zvombo "Zircon" zvakatangwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso, autopilot maitiro uye inertial kufamba yakazokudziridzwa muna NGO "graniitti-Erekitironi", uye kudzora mamiriro pachayo - mu "NPO Electromechanics". Uyewo, mamwe masangano dzave dzakabudirira "NPO Machine Building" raireva kumusoro, kureva UPKB "Detail".

injini

Kana michini, izvo zvichaita kuuya chombo kushanda, vave yakatanga muna 2009-2010 - Zvechokwadi, hapana pamutemo mashoko akaita. Uyezve, injini aya zvichipomerwa yakagadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kuti yokumwe mutengi Zvisinei, kazhinji, mashoko aya neakangwara chete eyewash. Saizvozvowo, nokuda pakutanga magadzirirwe zvitundumuseremusere "Zircon" injini nokuti zvakagadzirwa uye akaedzwa uchidzidzira.

rwokugadzira unhu

Imwe dzinonakidza zvikuru nguva, Chokwadi, ndizvo hwokugadzira zvechadenga chombo. Chii chinogona kuita? Imhandoi makwikwi achasika aitungamirira RCC modernity? Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti wokupedzisira anobudirira muenzaniso RCC, makasimbiswa munharaunda yeRussian Federation, yave P-800 "eonikisi" - chombo ichi inogona kurwisa ari chinhambwe 300 makiromita akabhururuka pamwe kumhanya Mach 0,85. Chii chinogona kupa ASM "Zircon"?

Kumhanya chombo ichi zvinoorora uye unomiririra rimwe zvikuru zvakanakira racho. Maererano rokutanga data, inogona kusvika aimhanya pamusoro Mach 4.5, asi pane mazano kuti kwokupedzisira chigadzirwa nokukurumidza inogona kusvika kunyange matanhatu kufambira mberi. Kana kure, izvo zvichaita kushandisa chombo, pano creators inongova zvinoshamisa. Maererano rokutanga data, zvichava 300-400 makiromita, asi mashoko aya havasi hunogutsa. Pane ruzivo nezvekuti panguva kanda Kugadzirwa kuwanda RCC "Zircon" haasi asingasviki 800 makiromita uye anogona kusvika kunyange zviuru makiromita.

bvunzo

Sezvambotaurwa, wokutanga yepamutemo ndiedze chombo "Zircon" chaiitirwa chete muna 2015, asi vakawanda mabhuku dzinoratidza kuti ichi hachisi chokwadi chose. Zvechokwadi, pamutemo hurumende pamwero vakatanga miedzo yokutanga muna 2015, dzaiitwa nomunyika 2016 uye zvichazadziswa muna 2017. Maererano migumisiro dzavo chichagamuchirwa akafunga pamusoro kudiwa chero okunatsiridza, pashure iyo RCC itsva vachaparadzwa muhombodo vakawanda kugadzirwa.

Zvisinei, dzimwe zvekungofungira zvichiri tiriverenge. kumwe muna July-August 2012, somuenzaniso, zvakanzi atadza kukanda ndiedze chombo kubva ndege Tu-22M3 musi Akhtuba - zvakanga zvakaipa, uye mabhuku akawanda vanoti kuti zvakanga nemhaka iyi kuti kukura chirongwa yambomiswa mugore iro.

Pashure gore, muna Akhtubinsk, zvakanzi aiitisa mumwe muedzo - chombo chinoita zvokukandwa akanga zvakare zvisinei zvikanyauka ndege, uye kanda ichi chaiva akundikana, ndege akanga hupfupi. Chikonzero chokudavira kuti chitundumuseremusere chaizvo ASM "Zircon", anopa yekutaura kuti musoro Tactical Missiles Corporation, umo iye akati Russian Federation anotova zvombo kuti vabhururuke hypersonic.

Muna September wegore iroro chakaitirwa pamusoro Akhtuba rechitatu chitundumuseremusere pakuparurwa kubva ndege - uye zvakare akanga kubudirira. Ungangove, raiva kumumvuri ari chitundumuseremusere "Zircon", kana zvimwe supersonic kumumvuri, iyo kwakaedzwa panguva kuRussia.

Sezvambotaurwa, muzhizha ra2015 kudiwa chakavanzika chinonyengera akanga asisiri, sezvo pakaziviswa pamusoro unoda RCC "Zircon" renguva pamwero ehurumende nemiedzo. Uye muedzo wokutanga kwakaitika December wegore iroro - zvakanzi vasisiri kutanga kubva ndege. Panguva landfill wakaiswa Nenoksa pasi kanda yakaoma, umo wokutanga kanda pamutemo akanga akakwana. Zvisinei, akanga kubudirira - the chitundumuseremusere, kubhururuka mumhepo, anenge pakarepo pasi.

All miedzo izvi kwave kusingabudiriri Zvisinei, fanirawo aiva chitundumuseremusere nokusingaperi kubhururuka. Zvino zvakaitika March 2016. All chete siyana Nenoksa kubvira pakutanga raitwa pasi kanda yakaoma, izvo akabudirira. Panguva iyoyo vezvenhau rinoziviswa kuti kuidzwa ari ASM idzva "Zircon" akatanga.

vatakuri

Saka PRK "Zircon" muedzo zvawave kwerinenge gore, pakupera nemiedzo iyi akaronga kuti gore rino uye, pamwe rombo, kushanda vakawanda kugadzirwa. Asi zvombo izvi, kana vari kupi vagadzirira? Takatodzidza yakashuma kuti vachava zvombo ngarawa 11442M, izvo iye kaviri mazuvaano kuti kukwanisa vaita zvombo izvi.

Zvisinei, panewo refu-refu zvirongwa. Chokutanga, Honey "Zircon" achaita iiswe pamusoro ngarawa 11442 "Petr Veliky", iro mazuvaano iyo yakarongwa 2019. Uyezve, zvombo izvi achazvipiwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura wechishanu chizvarwa "Husky". multi-chinangwa yepasi pemvura yenyukireya izvi haisati kunyange kupinda kugadzirwa. Ivo vari magadzirirwo rwakazara. Asi Anti-chikepe zvombo "Zircon" akagadzirirwa zvikurukuru tichifunga kusanganisa muvira "Husky" maitiro kuti achaita kuti yepasi pemvura Data iri kusimba ngozi uye zvinouraya inobudirira.