Turboprop Injini: zano, dunhu oparesheni musimboti. Production turboprop injini muRussia

Engine turboprop akafanana pisitoni iye nevamwe vane hwindimiri. Asi zvimwe zvakasiyana. Funga kuti chii chinoumba Unit ichi, sei akunoita, ndezvipi zvayakanakira ayo nezvayakaipira.

General unhu

Turboprop Injini ndohwaJehovha boka gasi turbines yakaitirwa sehwakapararira simba transducers uye zvave zvinowanzoshandiswa avhiyesheni. Zvinosanganisira mumwe kupisa injini, sezvamakaropafadzwa akawedzera magasi tenderera ari turbine uye ndinoumba torque, uye kuti ayo mugodhi zvakabatanidzwa dzimwe dzakabatana. The Injini inopiwa ane turboprop hwindimiri.

Zviri muchinjikwa pakati pisitoni uye Turbo dzakabatana. Chokutanga, ari ndakagadza ndege pisitoni michini, zvinosanganisira kuva humburumbira ine nyeredzi serin'i akaronga mukati nomubato. Asi nokuti vakanga zvakawanda kukura uye uremu, uyewo mukana yakaderera pakukurumidza, havachisiri kushandiswa, achipa aanoda akazviratidza turbojet Kurongwa. Asi injini izvi zvakanga zvisiri pasina zvainovhiringidzawo. Vanogona kuva supersonic kumhanya, asi unopisa yakawanda mafuta. Naizvozvo oparesheni yavo inodhura rinokunda mutakurwi senga.

Engine turboprop aifanira kutsungirira kuvamirira akadaro. Uye dambudziko iri rave kugadziriswa. Construction uye mashandiro vakatorwa kubva mashandiro ari turbojet injini, uye pisitoni - propellers. Saka, zvakakwanisika wemishonga duku kukura, mutengo uye yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda.

Injini vakanga yakaitwa uye akavaka kare thirties remakore rapfuura iri Soviet Union, uye makumi maviri gare gare, vakatanga vakawanda kugadzirwa. Simba rakanga dzaisiyana kubva 1880 kusvika 11000 KW. The yakareba vakanga zvaishandiswa zvechiuto uye vehurumende avhiyesheni. Zvisinei, supersonic kumhanya, havana kufanira. Saka, pamwe veMubatanidzwa zvivako dzakadaro Air Force akaramba navo. Asi ndege rehurumende vainyanya yaipiwa navo.

Midziyo turboprop injini yayo vanoshanda musimboti

gwenya Magadzirirwo nyore chaizvo. Zvinosanganisira:

• yokuderedza;
• hwindimiri;
• mumwe combustion kamuri;
• mumwe compressor;
• kamwene.

Scheme turboprop sezvinotevera: mushure jekiseni uye compression mhepo pedyo compressor anopinda combustion yomukati. Kwachiri akanga jekiseni mafuta. Pamusana muvhenganiswa iri dzakaparira uye pave magasi vanopinda kukura turbine uye tenderera, uye, uyewo, rotates ari compressor uye sikuruu. Unspent simba iri asunungurwa kubudikidza kamwene, nokusika reactive vaise. Nekuti mutengo wayo haasi chinokosha (gumi muzana), haisi vaitirei turbojet turboprop.

Zvisinei, nheyo kushanda uye magadzirirwo, akafanana navo, asi simba haasi zvachose kuburikidza kamwene, kutanga torque maitiro ruoko, asi chete zvishomanana, sezvo anobatsira simba ndiyewo tenderera ari sikuruu.

uchishandisa mugodhi

Pane injini rimwe kana maviri miseve. The chete-mugodhi musiyano uri mumwe mugodhi uye compressor uye turbine, uye sikuruu. In miviri-rwiriko - mumwe wavo vakatasva turbine uye compressor, uye kuno rumwe - the sikuruu kuburikidza zvinoderedza giya. Apa pane turbines maviri zvakabatana vakataurirana gasi-guru nzira. Mumwe wavo ari sikuruu, uye mumwe - nokuti compressor. Akadaro musimboti inonyanya zvakafanana, sezvo simba rinogona kushandiswa pasina vachimhanya screws. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira kana ndege iri pasi.

compressor

chikamu ichi chine mbiri kusvika matanhatu matanho, vachibvumira kunzwisisa kuchinja mu tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa, uyewo kuderedza nokukurumidza. With zvakagadzirwa ichi, zvinoitika kuti kuderedza uremu uye kukura, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti injini ndege. The compressor zvinosanganisira impellers uye muperekedzi Vanes. On ekupedzisira anogona kugoverwa kana kwete akapa murau.

hwindimiri

Pamusana zvizere ichi chakaumbwa chebasa, asi nokukurumidza ishoma. It anonzi inoratidza zviri nani zvakadini 750 kusvika 1500 RPM, kubva kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda inotanga kunaya uye kupararira sikuruwa pachinzvimbo kutendeukira kuva akamedura. Chiitiko anonzi "mugumisiro mukuvhara." It anokonzerwa sikuruwa mashizha iri yakakwirira aimhanya vachiita majana, runopfuura kumhanya inzwi, tanga ishande zvakanaka. Zvimwechetezvo chichachengetwa pamwe kuwedzera dhayamita yavo.

turbine

The turbine anokwanisa kuva nokumhanya nokumukirana anosvika zviuru makumi maviri paminiti, asi haagoni sikuruwa izvozvo zvakakodzera, saka pano pane rutapudzo giya kuti kunoderedza nokukurumidza uye inowedzera torque. Gearboxes inogona zvakasiyana, asi chavainyanya basa pasinei mhando - sipidhi uye kuwedzera nguva.

maitiro ichi ichikutadzisa kushandiswa ndege turboprop nemauto. Zvisinei, kubudirira pamusoro nokuumba supersonic injini haagumiri, zvichida panguva ino uye havasi kubudirira. Kuti uvandudze traction dzimwe nguva screws maviri anopiwa ane turboprop. Zvingakubatsira kushanda panguva imwe ivo vakaziva kuburikidza kutenderera ari wakatarisana mirayiridzo, asi rimwe chete giya.

Somuenzaniso, funga kuti injini D-27 (Turbopropfan) rine mbiri helical dzinoshandisa vasiyana vakasununguka turbine gearbox. Ndiyo chete muenzaniso akagadzira zvaishandiswa kwevagari avhiyesheni. Asi inobudirira kushandisirwa kunoonekwa sechinhu achikwakuka huru kuvandudza mabasa ari nhau injini.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

Isu vasarudze pluses uye minuses kuti inozivikanwa basa turboprop. Zvazvakanakira ndiwo:

• chiedza uremu sezvo zvichienzaniswa pisitoni dzakabatana;
• kunyatsoshanda zvichienzaniswa turbojet injini (nokuda hwindimiri kunyatsoshanda rinosvika makumi masere nematanhatu muzana).

Zvisinei, pasinei izvi chisingarambiki zvazvakanakira, ndege michini, mune zvimwe zviitiko zviri zvinodiwa. Turboprop injini sipidhi inodiwa ndiyo manomwe namakumi mashanu makiromita paawa. Zvisinei, nokuti ndege ano pakati pevashoma. Uyezve, ruzha vanowanika chaizvo, runopfuura zvinobvumidzwa tsika reInternational Civil Aviation Organization.

Naizvozvo, kugadzirwa turboprop injini mu Russia ipfupi. Zvikurukuru, vari kuiswa iri ndege dzinobhururuka madaro marefu uye panguva yakaderera nokukurumidza. Zvino kushanda vanonzi.

Zvisinei, mune zvechiuto avhiyesheni, apo huru zvatariswa kuitwa ndege yakakwirira maneuverability uye akanyarara mashandiro, pane kushanda, injini izvi regai kundosangana anodiwa zvinodiwa uye turbojet zviyero anoshandiswa pano.

Panguva iyoyo Tinogara tiri kuitwa okurega kuumba supersonic screws kukurira "ichivharira kushanda" uye kusvika kuvandudza. Zvichida, kana nokugadzirwa ndiko kuva chokwadi, kubva ndege injini vanoramba turboprops uye ndege zvechiuto. Asi panguva vanogona chete kurondedzerwa se "workhorses" hadzisi simba kupfuura, asi akatsiga kushanda.