Routes zviri kupararira nechigwadara. dziviriro nzira

Pasinei mukuru nenhanho kugadzira mishonga, pari achine zvakawanda utachiona anogona kukonzera yevanhu uye mhuka kukura kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa. Vakawanda vavo vari zvakakwana amenable mushonga, uye vamwe kurwa kwenguva refu. Tichataura pamusoro rimwe zvirwere izvi - funga sei kukudziridza nechigwadara. The causative mumiriri, Kupfuudzwa nzira, pakurapa chirwere ichashandwa gare gare munyaya ino.

Chii chinonzi chirwere

Akati chirwere kubvira kare, nokuti nguva yose iyi, akachinja zita rake, asi muna Russia yava vakapiwa zita zvakanga kunyanya kuparadzirwa mudunhu kweSiberia. Sezvineiwo, zvino zviitiko chirwere hadziwanzowaniki chaizvo.

Chigwadara kutapukirwa nzira yakasiyana, asi chero zvakadaro zviri yakapinza zvikuru uye ngozi zvirwere kuti anokonzerwa microorganism Bacillus anthracis. Kuchiita hosha hazvigoni kungotariswa, sezvo ganda utachiona kuonekwa chaizvo carbuncles kana ganda chimiro kana zvimwe iziviswe zviratidzo.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Provocateur chirwere chinhu facultative anaerobic giremu-akanaka utachiona. Pasi maikorosikopu, zvinoita sokunge chimuti pamwe kumigumo kudimburwa kure. Munguva okisijeni ezvinhu anotanga sporulate.

Pathogenicity vagara vandifungira pamberi exciter uye kwetunhu Kamudzira exotoxin. Toxin kuti pave utachiona inokwanisa muviri zvose vanhu nezvipfuwo anogumbura chiito uye kushanda kuurayisa. Zvazvinoita pamusoro muviri kazhinji kuratidza:

• tishu edema;
• zvaipesana tishu afemeruke;
• chinovhiringidza kuti phagocyte.

Vegetative siyana utachiona hwakakura rakanyatsojeka kusagadzikana mune zvakatipoteredza, rinenge pakarepo vakaurayiwa kana yakabikwa kana neshungu pamusoro 60 inegumi. Asi pamusoro gakava iri harigoni akati muviri. Vane chinhanho kwavo mumvura uye iri muvhu kwemakore, uye kunyange maminitsi mashoma iri kufashaira haina kunyimwa kugona kwavo zvichiberekana.

The Foroma spores haagoni chete kumirira kubuda vanoshorwa ezvinhu asiwo kukura. Routes zviri kupararira chigwadara kunogona kuva akasiyana. Kuburikidza ivhu - mumwe wavo. Naizvozvo, zvokungwarira zvinofanira kutorwa, kunyanya dziya dzine zviitiko chirwere chakanyorwa.

Sources chirwere vanhu

Chigwadara ari chakasvitswa murume, sezvo kwave akati, munzira dzakawanda, uye ichi chinobata kuonekwa zvekuchipatara. Usati wasangana navo, ngatitarisei sei kwaibva chirwere kupinda dzemuviri.

Routes zviri kupararira nechigwadara angava zvinotevera:

• onana-mhuri;
• mhepo-guruva;
• zvokudya.

Ngatimboonai nechimwe izvi zvizere.

Kupararira chirwere kuburikidza kusiri vachionana,

Sezvo anwa pamwe chirwere kuti "nechigwadara" utachiona hwakakura? nokupfuuridzirwa nzira yakasiyana, asi Zvinonyanyozivikanwa chete vamwe vavo. Most kazhinji kutapukirwa:

• achitarisirwa mhuka vanorwara;
• kana paiva kuonana secretions mhuka utachiona;
• uchikurukura shinda, nenyama, uye ganda varwere vamiririri mhuka nyika;
• somugumisiro kunyorerana mitumbi yemhuka;
• kushandiswa zvigadzirwa kubva utachiona zvinhu, zvakadai ganda kana bvudzi.

Kana gedhi ichi dawo Zvirwere vari maronda-siyana ganda. Kamwe nayo utachiona hwapinda mukati, panguva kuumbwa nekabhunakeri ichi vakakomberedzwa mura matema. Skin zviri kumativi, wakazara - saka zvarinoita matambudziko ari toxin aburitswa utachiona. Inotyora ropa riparadzirwe, zvichikonzera edema uye rufu tishu.

Utachiona hwakakura uye anotanga kuti zvikurumidze kuwanda kuburikidza lymphatics nyore kupinda muimba muropa, uye ipapo vamwe nyama uye nhengo, nokudaro vachikonzera kukundikana kwavo uye atadze kushanda zvakanaka.

Kupinda mhepo-guruva utachiona

Asi zvokuongorora "nechigwadara" utachiona hwakakura chakasvitswa vanhu, uye kuburikidza mumhepo. Panyaya iyi, resuo nokuda kupinda chirwere muri kufema turakiti. Controversy pashure ingestion akatumira mumapapu. Anotanga kurwisa zvirwere pamusoro utachiona, izvozvo achisunda navo node nodes, ane basa iri kubvisa muviri kubva kune dzimwe nevamiririri.

Asi kwemabhakitiriya spores uyewo vari kungwarira uye nhengo dzinobudisa ino kuuraya masero masoja, uye ipapo akasununguka kupinda muropa. Pane anotanga muitiro wavo vanoshingaira kubereka, zvibereko zvine chepfu, izvo kuunza rinorema kukuvadzwa yose muviri.

Sezvariri mukati memazuva 7 tusingaoneki hukapamhidzira kuitira kuti midziyo usamira kukwira uye kutanga achingobuda ropa. kurasikirwa Ropa chinowanzoitika kuvhiringidza kushanda zvakawanda zvinokosha nhengo kuti kazhinji zvinouraya.

Food nzira chirwere

Takurukura nzira mbiri kupararira hwechigwadara, asi pane wechitatu - zvokudya. The chirwere ichi nyaya kunoitika apo kudya nyama yemhuka utachiona pashure zvakaipa kupisa kurapwa. Gateway nokuti kupinda pakati nayo utachiona mune iyi ndiyo mucous Kamudzira ari nemudumbu.

Mushure wakadaro chirwere kupfuura rinowanzoberekera cecal lesion. mucosa rinofukidzwa maronda, uye anotanga wasvava. Chirwere spores vari kuendeswa kune node nodes, uye kutanga bacteremia.

Zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera uwandu utachiona vari nhengo dzinobudisa ino, uye murwere ane ascites uye intestinal mhingaidzo.

nzira iyi chirwere hunosanganisira mune zvimwe zviitiko kukura zvokurwara ari oropharynx, ipapo kukuvara kunogona kuonekwa muchimiro ganda nemaronda pamukova kuti dhipatimendi.

marudzi chirwere

Sezvo imi makaona, chirwere zvikuru chakakomba - nechigwadara. kutapukirwa nzira yakasiyana, uye zvichienderana nokuti kuti kuva mamwe zvokurwara:

1. Cutaneous. Iye ane mhando:

• karbunkuleznuyu;
• edematous;
• bullous.

2. Generalizovannnaya chimiro. Muchiitiko chino, pane:

• pulmonary mhando;
• E .;
• septic.

Sezvambotaurwa, nokupfuuridzirwa nzira hwechigwadara uye kuona chimiro chirwere. Mumwe hworatidza Zviratidzo ayo uye zvinokonzerwa zvitarire.

Cutaneous zvirwere Zviratidzo

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti chirwere ane pfupi incubation nguva, unogona kugara kubva akawanda maawa mazuva akawanda. Uye hazvina basa inova causative mutumwa hwechigwadara, nokupfuuridzirwa nzira kunokonzera. A vaifanira vhiki mbiri, chirwere anotanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvayo.

The cutaneous chimiro ndicho. On the Epiderme e, panzvimbo utachiona hwapinda, achiumbwa munyika rubanzu shomanana millimeters ari dhayamita, yakatsvuka ruvara. Mushure mechinguva zvinova mhangura-tsvuku uye akamutswa kupfuura ganda. Munhu wacho panguva ino achirwadzisa kuvaviwa uye zvishomanana rinopfuta manyawi.

Pashure pemaawa mashomanana akatendeuka kuva papule kuti vesicle serous mukati, sezvamakaropafadzwa pashure kwenguva pfupi ropa dzakaonekwa kwake. Kana bundu combing, kuti vesicle watsemuka uye pane hosha wakamutsa kumicheto. Maererano navo pane yechipiri vesicles.

Zvinotora vaviri wamavhiki, uye nechepakati urikanwi sokuti dema panofunuka, zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kukura. It achiumbwa somugumisiro zvinyama necrosis rakatanga.

Chinokosha hosha iri kurasikirwa manzwiro ari goko kumativi Yakaumbwa anogumbura piro yepepuru ruvara. Pamwe arikunze sokuti edema, iro kunyanya kutaurwa nzvimbo inotsikwa subcutaneous zvinyama, dzakadai kumeso. Panzira, kuti localization kuti zvokurwara kumeso rakanyatsojeka ngozi, nokuti kuzvimba kunogona kukanganisa kufema turakiti uye kukonzera asphyxia uye rufu.

Pakutanga (pasinei ndiye causative mutumwa hwechigwadara, nzira hutachiwana) zviratidzo dzinotevera pathologies:

1. High muviri tembiricha.
2. Anotemwa nemusoro.
3. Kudhaka.
4. Anozviratidza muviri pari, kunyanya lumbar nharaunda.

Panguva chirwere chinogona configured carbuncles dzakawanda, nhamba yavo anogona kusvika 10. Chigwadara (Pamigwagwa yedzimudzangara haisi kuridza basa) rinogona mwero nekuomarara uye kwazvo. Kana nemaronda aonekwa musoro, mutsipa, muromo, chirwere chacho chakaoma uye pane mukana sepsis.

Asi nenguva kurapwa predpolagate zvinozoitika cutaneous chimiro chirwere iwayo zvakanaka.

Symptomatology pamusoro pulmonary chimiro

We akatarira nzira kupararira nechigwadara chirwere, kusanganisira kuenda neherikoputa guruva, umo anovandudza chimiro ichi chirwere. Mushure incubation nguva ichaitwa, mumwe anogona kuchengeta hwokufananidzira zviratidzo imwe lesion pakati kufema hurongwa. In yokutanga nguva hosha anoratidza zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• kurwadziwa nemusoro;
• mukuru zvakawanda zvive;
• mvura-mvura meso;
• tsandanyama marwadzo;
• kukosora uye runny mhino;
• tachycardia;
• kupfupika mweya.

Duration kuratidza zviratidzo zvakadaro kusvika 2 mazuva, uye ipapo chirwere anopinda yaro yechipiri kutotanga - rinotanga simba kudhaka ane muviri, izvo kunoratidzwa tembiricha yakawedzera kusvika 40-41 inegumi. Kurwadziwa muchipfuva, chills, chikosoro, panguva iyo anoendazve sputum zvakasanganiswa neropa.

Kana chiremba anoteerera murwere, zvinogona vakanzwa wheezing, hombe mapazi ose dullness pamusoro mumapapu.

Mugore rechitatu pakukura kusimukira zvemwoyo kukundikana, pulmonary edema uye oliguria. Its Duration - maawa 12.

On chimiro ichi, unogona zvakare kutaura kuti zviri amenable mushonga kana kutanga nenguva nenzira,.

Kuratidzwa intestinal siyana

siyana ichi chirwere rakanyatsojeka chakaoma, uye pane mukana mukuru kuti mugumo kubudirira. Chigwadara, mumwe Kupfuudzwa nzira yatiri funga, muchiitiko ichi chinopinda kuburikidza intestinal turakiti.

The danho rokutanga chirwere ane diki kureba - maawa 36 uye akaratidza zvinotevera zviri:

• kurwadziwa nemusoro;
• dzungu;
• huro kurwadziwa;
• chills;
• Kupisa.

Apo wokutanga kutotanga kuchatsiviwa chechipiri, zvino anobatana mumwe kurwadziwa abdominal, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, zvakavhenganiswa neropa, manyoka. The faeces vari zvakare mitaro ropa.

Chechitatu danho ndiyo ngozi - ndiko kuwedzera cardiac decompensation. Varwere kushushikana kutya, kuzvidya mwoyo anooneka. Munhu anowana kuti rinokwanisa kucheneruka-blue ruvara. Dzimwe nguva iri paganda kuumbwa Hemorrhagic nekumhanyirira. Muna intestinal lumen Urume rinoungana, iyo inosvitsa nokuwedzera mudumbu.

Zvirwere muitiro mberi zvishoma nezvishoma uye varwere vanogona kutyorwa pakuparadza, ropa, kufema matambudziko, izvo pakupedzisira zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu.

Zviratidzo septic chimiro

Ichi chimiro chirwere haisi sehwakajairika uye anogona kuva sezvo migumisiro inorema chekubuda zvimwe kwemarudzi. Rinotanga kubva ndechokuti nechigwadara bacillus uye ayo zvinokachidza vakaita kutenderedza kuburikidza muropa uye kukanganisa munyama siyana uye nhengo. The inokanganisa pakati nayo utachiona uye ayo metabolic zvinogona kutungamirira kukudziri- nezvirwere-chepfu kuvhunduka.

Varwere fomu iri zvokurwara anotevera zviratidzo:

• Kuwedzera tembiricha muviri kusvika 41 inegumi.
• Kupfupika mweya.
• Chills.
• Inosimudzira afemeruke zvazvingava.
• Pane kurwadziwa muchipfuva.
• Kukosora pamwe phlegm uye neropa.
• Abdominal marwadzo.
• Svoto uye kurutsa ropa.
• Liquid zvituru uye ropa.

Kana musingadi kutora kwokukurumidzira matanho, zvose zvingaita kuguma misodzi.

chirwere kuongorora chirwere

Kuti kuongororwa zvakarurama, zvinokosha kuenda mumatanho matatu:

1. Nemaziso ongororo.
2. Voga tsika utachiona kubudikidza inoculation ane inotonhorera svikiro.
3. Bioassays mu murabhoritari mhuka.

Kana nechigwadara utachiona hwakakura Kupfuudzwa nzira kubva munhu kuti chirwere haisi kukosha. A bvunzo ropa anogona kuratidza:

• Kuderera kwemitambo leukocytes.
• Zvakawanikwa lymphocytes.
• erythrocyte sedimentation zvazvingava inowedzerawo.

Nokuti kuongororwa zvakarurama kuongorora anotevera zvinhu:

• Ropa.
• Content nekabhunakeri uye vesicles.
• Tora kumwedzi gwati.
• Kana pulmonary muchimiro sputum aongororwe.
• Kana paine fungidziro pamusoro intestinal chimiro, kuongorora pachituru uye mumarutsi.

Vashandiswe uye serological chirwere nzira, izvi zvinosanganisira: maitiro termopretsipitatsii pamusoro Ascoli, fluorescent serological kuongorora uye nevamwe. Varwere vanenge vanofungidzirwa hwechigwadara, vanopedza cutaneous chisimbwa bvunzo ne "Antraksinom".

Zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti tichifunga kuti hwechigwadara huri chirwere ane ngozi uye chinotapuriranwa, zvidzidzo zvose zvinoitiswa chaiyo mumarabhoritari yakavharwa.

kurapa chirwere

We akatarira nzira kupararira Kudzivirira hwechigwadara uye mishonga kwayo kunofanira kuva Akaongorora. Ngatitange pamwe yokurapa, zvinosanganisira zvinotevera nzira:

1. Aizomupa mushonga. Kana izvi zvaitika intravenous aizomupa zvinogadzirisa, iyo inotsigira uye kwakakwana muchitokisi vhoriyamu uye intracellular mvura mumuviri. The mhinduro anogona kudirwa: colloidal ( "Poliglyukin"), crystalloid (shuga solution, Ringer anogadzirisa), zvinogadzirwa neropa ( "sealbumin" plasma)
2. Muchigamuchira tupukanana. Mishonga, riri ichigumbura utachiona, kazhinji zvinodhaka kubva boka penicillins. Kurambidzwa "Penicillin" kunan'anura:

• "Tetracycline".
• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Levofloxacin".
• "Doxycycline".

• Kana chirwere anomhanya zvakaoma, ipapo vaishandisa steroids. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya septic siyana chirwere.

3. Nhanganyaya protivosibireyazvennogo immunoglobulin. Rine makagadzirira akagadzirwa antibodies. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti kusika kutapata kuna nayo utachiona. Raitongwa immunoglobulin anogona zvose kuchirapa zvinangwa uye kudzivirira.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kurapa achapa nemigumisiro yakanaka, kana nguva zvokuongorora uye zvakakwana kurapa.

dziviriro chirwere

We akatarira nzira kupararira Kudzivirira nechigwadara kuchaderedza mukana wokutapukirwa. Chinosanganisira anotevera matanho:

• Vaccination vanhu vane refu mukana pakuva nechirwere.
• Veterinary Services vanofanira kugara dzinovaraidza kuvapo nayo utachiona.
• Kuita kubaya mhuka.
• Vashandi Farm anofanira inopiwa unodzivirira zvipfeko: zvifukidziro, gowns, magiravhusi.
• Implementation utsanana uye wemhuka achitonetsekawo chokufambisa, kuchengetwa, kubudiswa nyama zvigadzirwa.
• Patinoita dzidzo utano pakati yevagari.

Kana tikarangarira kupesana kwezvirwere, zvino zvinosanganisira:

1. Kuzivikanwa kwehutachiwana, mukutanga.
2. Kunyoresa matambudziko ose ehutano nekukurukurirana kune zviremera zvakakodzera.
3. Kushandiswa kwekufambisa nekutakura kwekutakura, iyo inobva isisina kuvharirwa.
4. Nguva yakakodzera yekurapa varwere vane utachiona.
5. Kunyora kubva kuchipatara murwere zvinokwanisika chete mushure mokuzadza zvizere, apo kuongororwa uye kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kusabatwa kwemuvambi.
6. Utachiona hwevatachiona (nyama, mhuka) dzinofanira kuparadzwa.
7. Ziva chirwere ichi pakati pezvikara uye uzviparadzanise panguva yekutanga.
8. Zvitunha zvezvipfuwo zvinorwara hazvifaniri kungovigwa chete, asi zvinopiswa.
9. Kana anthrax ichifa munhu, saka chitunha chakaputirwa nemafuta, uye chlorine yakasanganiswa pazasi kwebhokisi .

Pasinei nokuti chirwere ichi chiri kuitika zvino zvishoma nezvishoma, mamiriro ayo emhuka dzomusango uye dzomusango dzinocherechedzwa nguva nenguva, uye munhu wese anofanira kuziva nzira dzipi dzekutapurira kwe anthrax ndezvekuti azvidzivirire kubva kune utachiona zvakanyanya. Kana uine zvipfuwo, unofanira kugara uchikoka veterinarians kuti vatore miedzo nekuongorora mhuka. Izvi zvinotarisirwa iwe pachako kuchengetedzwa.