SAM "Strela-10": maitiro

"Strela-10" ndiko kudada kweSoviet engineering engineering. I 9K35 anti-aircraft missile system, inozivikanwawo neAmerica classification sa SA-13 Gopher, yakagadzirirwa kutsvaga nzvimbo yekudenga uye kuparadza chero zvinhu zvinoshungurudza panzvimbo yakadzika. Mumakore akatevera yakaoma yakaramba ichidzokororwa zvakare.

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa

Basa rokutanga rakadai reuto reSoviet, rakatsigirwa neCPSU Central Committee, raiva Strela-10 SV missile system. Mushonga wakasikwa maererano neshoko rekare rakaratidzwa 9K31. I "Strela-1" yakatorwa zvinhu zvose zvakakwirira, uye zvese zvakanyatsogadziriswa kusvika pakukwana.

MunaJanuary 1973, kuongororwa kwemaitiro matsva kwakatanga mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Cheki chekutanga cheSAM haina kupfuura. Sangano reMasoja rakasarudza kupedzisa mufananidzo kusvika 9K35. Nokudaro kunopera 1974, chiedza chakaonekwa "Arrow-10". I-SAM (Mufananidzo uri pasi apa) yakapfuura zvose kuedzwa kunomhanya, kupindura zvakanaka kune mubvunzo wekubatsira kwekuenderera mberi kweprojekti. Iko kusakosha kukuru kwekugadziriswa kwakagadziriswa kwaiva kupesana kwemhepo missile control system. Maererano nekutsvakurudza, mukana wechinangwa chairo chakakanganiswa pahupamhi hwemamita 1500 chaive ma 60%. Zvimwe zvakaitika zveSAM zvakaratidza padhesi yekufambisa pakusangana kwekambani kwese nzvimbo yose yekurwisa. Muna 1975, iyo 9M31 missile uye hutungamiri hwehutungamiri hunovandudzwa. Mushure mekuedzwa kwenguva dzose uye kuongorora kuvimbika, "Strela-10" yakagamuchirwa. Muna 1976, kubudiswa kwakakura kwemotokari mitsva yakagadzirirwa.

Nheyo yekushanda uye chinangwa

I "Strela-10" 9K35 inogona kushandiswa mune imwe nzira yekuita. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugamuchirwa uye kugadziriswa kwezvinangwa zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nebhuku rinodzora revashandi. Kuziva kwezvinhu zvomuvengi kunogadziriswa pamwe nekubatsirwa kweruzivo rwekutsvaga mumamiriro ekuzvidzivirira. Kurwisana kunoitwa chete pazvinangwa zvinenge zviri maonero anooneka ezvinetso.

SAM "Strela-10" yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zviyero zveatangi uye zvigadziri zvepfuti, uyewo mauto etsoka uye nheyo dzinokosha kubva mumhepo yekutyisidzira pasi yakadzika. Kurwisana mabasa kunogona kuitwa panguva yekufamba uye kunyange panguva yekushandurwa kwemaitiro. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvakakosha zvekuoma kwakajeka kuwanikwa kwekutsvaga chips chekuongorora nekuvhara kwezvigadziro kubva pakuvhiringidzika kusinganzwisisiki. Muchikamu chekuvandudzwa kwezvino, 9M37M missile yakagamuchira musoro chaiwo wakavhara hutungamiri hwehutano kubva pamagetsi. Musoro unosanganisira nzvimbo yeredhiyo, chinangwa chekutsvaga uye gadziriro yekugamuchira, chikwata chekutonga chemichina nemichina.

Tactical uye unyanzvi hunhu

Pa RTK "Strela-10" TTX inosiyana nekufamba uye kukurumidza kwekuita. Kugadzirira kwe projectile kutanga kunoparadzanisa kubva pamaminitsi mashanu kusvika ku10, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze. Kugamuchira zvinangwa zvinotora zvinotora 3-5 s. Kukanganisa kwemashoko pamwe chete ne-azimuth ari kure nechinhu chinobva pa6 kusvika ku 25 km kunongodaro 1.5 degrees.

Uyewo akakodzera SAM "Strela-10" maitiro ehuwandu hwemoto. Iyo yakareba kure kusvika kune chinangwa pamwe nekukwanisa kwekuparadzwa kusvika 99.5% iri 5 km. Panguva imwe chete, kureba kwekufamba kwemauto kunogona kuenzana kubva pamamita makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika ku 3500. Panzendo dzinotevera, kumhanya kwedombo kunokwana 1500 km / h, mushure maro-kusvika kusvika 1100 km / h. Nekudaro, kuonekwa kwezvinhu zvinowanikwa mumhepo zvinowanikwa pamakiromita kusvika 12 000 m.

Kuendeswa kwekugadziriswa kubva panzvimbo yekufamba kunzvimbo yekurwa kunotora mushure memaminitsi makumi maviri. Nguva yekuzadza zvizere (4 zvombo) zvinoputika maminitsi 2-3. Kugadzirisa kwemauto anoshandiswa zvehondo kunotora maawa matatu. Misi yose ye "Strela-10" air air system is 12.3 tani. Panguva imwe chete, mishoni inogona kukurumidza kusvika 61.5 km / h pasi, kusvika kusvika 6 km / h.

Chimiro chakaoma

Chikamu chikuru che "Strela-10" SAM ndiyo motokari yehondo 9A35. Yakasikwa pamusana pemafashoni e-mobile MT-LB. Munguva yemazuva ano, zvombo zvakanyanyiswa, izvo zvaive ne 4 SAMs mukugadziriswa uye zvombo zvimwe zvechina mumutoro wekutakura. Zvigadzirwa zvekutungamira maitiro zvakagadziridzwa zvakare. Iye zvino yakaoma yakachengetedzwa nemubhairi wemamita 7.62 mm yakabatanidzwa nemapurisa epamberi nemagetsi emagetsi.

Zvinoshamisa kuti SAM inonyanya kudzvinyirira pamusoro penyika, saka inogona kufamba zvakasununguka mumugwagwa, dutu, jecha, chando nemvura. Iko kushambadzira kwepamusoro kunobva pakusimudzirwa kwekutambudzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti motokari iwedzere kuchena uye kugadzirisa kwechikoro. Kuvonga kusarudzo iyi, kururamisira kwevhiriji uye hupenyu hurefu hwehutungamiri huri huwandu pane dzimwe nguva. Izvo ergonomics yechipfuva haibatsirwi nemidziyo yekudzivirira uye midziyo. Kuongororwa kwedunhu rekuita kunoitwa ne 9C86 kuongorora sarudzo. Iyi midziyo yakagadzirirwa kuona chinangwa chacho, sarudza nzvimbo yayo uye kuverenga kukanganisa kwekutanga SAM. Nokuda kwekuongororwa kwemauto ekurwisana kushanda, imwe sarudzo inotarisa-inotora inotarisirwa.

Simba rekuoma

Nharo huru dzemuSAM "Strela-10" dzakasimbiswa-zvombo zvinokonzera 9M37 zvehupenyu hunopikisa ndege. The projectile yakagadzirwa maererano ne "duck" chirongwa. Musoro unotungamirirwa unoshanda mumitambo miviri-iyo, iyo inobvumira kutarisira kwakakwana nemaitiro akaenzana. Chokutanga pane zvose, ZUR inoedza kuzadzisa chinangwa mumamiriro emifananidzo-kusiyana. Kana nzira iyi isina kubereka migumisiro, musoro wacho unodzokororwa nokuda kwekufamba kwemashure. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuita zvakaenzana zvakaenzana nekubata-up uye zvinodzvinyirira zvinangwa.

Kuti inotonhodza mahwendefa e rocket, mvura inonzi nitrogen inoshandiswa, iyo inochengetwa muzvigadziro zvakakonzerwa mumutumbi. Izvi zvinodzivirira kupisa kwekutanga kwe fuse. Mukana wekukundikana mune imwe yenzira dzokutsvaga, mubhuku anotora anotora anotora, iyo inotumira data ku rocket kubva kune radar. Nhanho yeZUR ibasa reailerons chaiyo yakagadzika kumashure kwemapapiro. Izvo zvinongopedzisira kuenderera mberi kwechinyorwa che projectile. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mamiriyoni 9M37 ekumanikidzwa akashongedzerwa uye anowanzobatanidza fuses. Pamusana pemisasa iyi kana pane kukanganisa ndiko kuzviparadza.

Major modifications

Chokutanga chakasiyana-siyana chekuoma kwaiva "Strela-10 M" SAM. Kuenzanisira kwekuiswa kwacho ndiko 9K35M. Chimwe chinhu chekufananidzira chemuenzaniso chaive kuvepo kwemauto akatungamirirwa ane misoro matsva. Ikozvino nzvimbo yekuwana yakasarudzwa zvinhu zvekuparadzwa kuburikidza nekuwanika kwekutsvaga. Izvi zvakaderedza ngozi yekuwira mumusungo-musungo.

Muenzaniso we "Arrow-10 M2" wakagamuchira hondo yakashandurwa yakaoma. Basa rekugadzirwa kwemazuva ekupedzisira raive kuwedzera kushanda nekugadzirisa kwechikwata chinotyisa. Iye zvino chinangwa chekutsvaga chaive chakakonzerwa nebheteri PU-12M uye air defense system. Iyo data yakatsigirwa ne radar, yakashandurwa uye yakatumirwa kune mukana wekutya. Izvo zvakasarudzwawo kugadzirisa polyurethane inotenderera kumativi emakina.

Kuchinja kwe "Strela-10 M3" kwakagamuchirwa muna 1989. Pano, kugadziridzwa kwakangobata chete-bhodhi midziyo. Mutevedzeri pamwe chete netsamba "M4" yakagamuchira chigadziro chekudzivirira, zvinoshandiswa, unit thering imaging system uye sensor for tracking targets. "Strela-10 T" ishanduro yeBelarusian yekuiswa. Uku kusimbiswa kwakaitwa ne NGO "Tetraedr". Somugumisiro wekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano, iyo yebhodhi midziyo yakazadzikiswa ne-optical system 1TM, mitsva yekushandura itsva uye yakagadziridzwa digital computing Chip.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mumakore ekushandurwa, ZUR yaive ichibudiswa pachena. Shanduro yakapedzisira yemasisi, yakakosha kune yakanyanya "Strela-10", yaiva 9M333. Mhedzisiro huru kubva kumamambo apfuura yaiva 3-mazano ekuronga nzira nekudzivirirwa kuchengetedzwa kunopesana.

Kurwisa kushandiswa

I-SAM yakashandiswa kakawanda kupedza kukakavadzana kwemuAngola panguva yehondo ye internecine. Maererano neshoko rekutanga, paive neA AF yenyika yeAfrica pane mauto anenge gumi nemaviri ehondo.

Uyezve, "Strela-10" yaiva imwe yezvombo zvinyorwa muhondo yePersian Gulf muna 1991. VaSAM vakashanda nesimba muOp Operation Desert Storm. Kushandiswa kwemichina yakaoma yakaita kuti Iraq ishandise zvishoma mumhepo. Munguva ichangopfuura, dzimba idzi dzakashandiswa chete mumhirizhonga yehurumende muUkraine pedyo nePublic's Republic of China uye yePublic's Republic of China.

Zviratidzo zvekutengesa

Mune arsenal yeRussian Federation mune ma 500 anenge akashandurwa uye akachinjwa shanduro dze "Arrow-10".

Kana zviri zvekutengeserana, Belarus iri panzvimbo yekutanga pano. Paari pane anenge 350 9K35. Munzvimbo yechipiri ndiyo India ine 250 complexes. Nzvimbo yechitatu inotorwa neUkraine ine 150 air air systems.

Azerbaijan, Jordan, Angola, Yemen, Cuba, Makedonia, Slovakia, Siriya, Libya, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Irak, Czech Republic, Serbia, nezvimwewo ndezvimwe nyika dzinowanzotenga kubva kuRussia 9K35.