Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich: biography, creativity

Mune vanhu pane maonero ekuti zvinhu zvakasikwa zviripo pamusoro pevana vevanhu vakakurumbira. Zvisinei, mwanakomana wemunyori anozivikanwa wekuRussia Dmitry Shostakovich Maxim akakwanisa kunyatsopesana nemashoko ezvakaipa. A pianist uye mutungamiri kubva kuna Mwari, akazozivikanwa kunyika yose nekuda kwetarenda yake yemaimba isinganzwisisiki uye basa rinoramba riripo.

Kuberekwa uye hupenyu hwekutanga

Maxim Shostakovich akaberekerwa muLeningrad musi waMay 10, 1938. Baba vake ndivo vainzi mukurumbira weSoviet Union munyori Dmitri Shostakovich. Amai vemukomana uyu aiva astrophysicist Nina V. Varzar, avo mushure mekuroorana kwavo vakaramba kuita basa rezesayenzi uye vakazvitsaurira kumurume wavo nevana. Mukuwedzera kuna Maxim, mukunda mukuru Galina akakurira nevarume vake. Makore okutanga ehupenyu hwemukomana akafukidzirwa neGreat Patriotic War. Kubviswa kweLeningrad Shostakovich kwakasangana muguta raakaberekerwa. Pano Dmitry Dmitrievich akashanda paSeventh yake yakakurumbira Symphony, iyo yakazobudiswa neredhiyo kubva kuFascist-yakatorwa Northern Northern Capital kusvika kune guru Soviet Union. Muna 1942, munyori nemhuri yake vakatamiswa kuKibibyshev (Samara), uye gore gare gare Shostakovichi akatamira kuMoscow. Havana kukwanisa kudzokera kuLeningrad.

Ukama nababa-munyori

Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich akachengetedza zviyeuchidzo zvakajeka zvababa vake. Akamurondedzera semurume weuchenjeri hunoshamisa nekuchenjera. Munyori nomudzimai wake vakakwidziridza vana vavo nemuenzaniso wavo, vachiisa mukati mavo maitiro akanaka. Little Maxim naGalina vakanga vasingazivi kuti chirango chaiye chaiva chii. Kana vakaita chero chakaipa, baba vakavamanikidza kuti vape basa rakanyorwa risingaiti kudaro. Mushure maizvozvi, vana vaisagona kunyange kufunga pamusoro pekunyengera kana kusateerera vabereki vavo.

Rufu rweamai

Papa aive maMaxim nehanzvadzi yake simba risina chokwadi, uye amai ndivo vaichengetedza imba, mutariri akavimbika uye akatendeka akatendeka. Zvinosuruvarisa, Nina Vasilievna haana kuva muna 1954, apo mwanakomana wake aiva nemakore gumi nematanhatu. Rufu rwemai rwakanga rwuri kurasikirwa kukuru kune vechidiki Maxim, avo vaisakwanisa kubvuma kwenguva yakareba. Pasina nguva mushure mekufa kwemudzimai wake wokutanga, Dmitry Shostakovich akaroora musikana mushandi Margarita Kainove. Kuroorana naye hakuna kunonoka kwenguva refu, uye muna 1962, Maxim akange ana amaikadzi vokutanga Irina Antonovna Supinskaya, uyo ane chinyorwa chemugadziri weimba yekudhinda "Soviet Composer". Baba vake vaigara naye kusvikira afa muna 1975.

Chisarudzo chekuva mutungamiri

Dmitry Shostakovich kubva achiri muduku akatora mwanakomana wake kuti adzokere uye makonti. Basa rePapa rakamutsa kudikamwa kwemukomana uyu, uye iye, zvaakange achida nemimhanzi nemoyo wake wose, haana kufunga kuti aizoramba aripo kunze kweiyo. Muna 1946, Maxim akauya kuzodzokorora rwiyo rwe 8th symphony uye akashamiswa zvikuru nemafambisiro anoita mutungamiri Yevgeny Mravinsky. Mushure mezvo, akasarudza zvakasimba kuti mune ramangwana aizobatanidzwa mukuitisa.

Kudzidza pane imwe chikoro chemimhanzi uye kuchengetedza

Maxim Dmitrievich akagamuchira dzidzo yakaisvonaka. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaHela Petrovna Hoven, akadzidza piyano pachikoro chemimhanzi cheMoscow Conservatory. Mutungamiri anoyeuka mudzidzisi wake semudzimai uyo akashumira akatendeka chimiro chemimhanzi. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, akapinda muhofisi ye piano yeMoscow Conservatory. Pano pedagogue mwanakomana weShoakoakovich ndiye aive akakurumbira we piano weSoviet Jacob Flier. Pamuongorori wekupinda pamusuo wekuchengetedzwa kwemukomana wechidiki akaita Second Piano Concerto, yakanyorwa nababa vake vakakurumbira. Mugore rechina, Shostakovich akaendeswa kune chikwata chemutungamiriri. Pano vadzidzisi vake vaiva vakanyanyozivikanwa vaitungamira seNikola Rabinovich, Alexander Gauk naGennady Rozhdestvensky.

Basa rokutungamira muUSSR

Mushure mekunge apedza kudzidza kubva muna 1963, Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich akava mubatsiri kumukuru weMoscow Symphony Orchestra Veronika Borisovna Dudarova. Pamwe chete naye, akafamba kwose kwose kweSoviet Union nekufamba. Makore matatu gare gare mutambi wechidiki akazonyorwa mu State Symphony Orchestra yeU.SR. Kuva mubatsiri kumudzidzisi mukuru Evgeny Fedorovich Svetlanov, mwanakomana womunyori wacho akatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nyika. Kwemakore ekushanda kwake kuHurumende Orchestra akafamba muEurope yose, akashanyira USA, Canada, Mexico, uye Japan.

Mushure mekupedzwa kwemashoko omubatsiri, Svetlanov Maxim Dmitrievich akakokwa kuzoshanda muBolshoi Symphony Orchestra yeAll-Union Radio uye Central Television. Nokudaro, akagadzwa kuva mutungamiriri mukuru. Muna 1971, mwanakomana waShostakovich Maxim akazova mukuru weSyphony Orchestra weUshumiri hweMasangano eSoviet Union. Iyi nzvimbo yakatungamirirwa nemutungamiriri kwemakore gumi. Muna 1978, nokuda kwekubudirira kwakanyanya mumunda wemifananidzo yemimhanzi, akapiwa chikamu cheMukurumbira Wakaremekedzwa we RSFSR.

Muna 1979, Maxim Shostakovich akaita sarudzo yake se opera conductor. Pasi peutungamiri hwake, mahofisi akawanda akashandiswa, pakati pavo "Lady Macbeth weMtsensk", "Nose", nezvimwewo.

Emigration kubva kuU.SA

Pasinei ne "hondo yekutonhora" pakati peU.SR uye nyika dzeWest, Maxim Shostakovich, uyo ane nhoroondo inoonekwa munyaya ino, akadzokororazve kune dzimwe nyika. Mavambo ake semutungamiri kunze kwenyika yakaitika muna 1968 muBritain guru. Akabva aita kuRoyal Festival Hall neLondon Philharmonic Orchestra. Gore rakatevera, Maxim Dmitrievich naGosorkestr vakapfuurira kurwendo rukuru rweUnited States.

Achifamba munyika dzakawanda, mwanakomana waShostakovich akaona kuti simba reSoviet risina kururama rakabata sei vanyori. Kusagutsikana nehupenyu muUSSR yakakura pamwe naye gore rose nekuwedzera. Pakupedzisira, muna 1981 panguva yekushanya kweFRG Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich akaita chisarudzo chakasimba chekusadzokera kumusha. Kubuda kwake kubva kuUnited States kwaiva mutsara wekupokana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Mutungamiri akarota nezvekuimba mimhanzi yaanoda, uye kwete yakarurama kutevera mirairo "kubva kumusoro." Pfungwa dzekuenda kune imwe nyika dzakanga dzamushanyira mberi, asi apo baba vake vainge vari vapenyu, aisagona kumusiya. Mushure mekufa kwaDmitry Dmitrievich muna 1975, chido chekubuda kunze kweU.SR chakanyanya kusimba. Izvo zvakashata zvakakonzera zvikamu zvose zvehupenyu munyika yacho zvakaita se Shostakovich, wekusingaperi. Aida kuti vana vake nevazukuru vakurire mune rusununguko. Kubva shure kwekushanyira muGermany nemwanakomana wake Dmitry, mutungamiriri wacho akatamira kune imwe nguva kuUnited States. Mifungo yokuti iye aizodzokazve netsoka panyika yeRussia, akanga asina.

Basa rezvemhizha pakuenda kune dzimwe nyika

Shostakovich's creative career muWest yaive isiri kubudirira kudarika muUSSR. Muna 1983, akatungamira Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, yaakatungamirira kwemakore maviri. Muna 1986-1991, Maxim Dmitrievich ndiye aiva mutungamiriri wePhilharmonic Orchestra yeNew Orleans. Kurarama muUnited States, Shostakovich akapfuurira kushanda nesimba uye achishingaira kutaura. Mukuwedzera pamabasa emakonti, aive achibatanidzwa mukunyora nheyo dzababa vake nemakonti epianist. Muna 1994, mutungamiri kwenguva yekutanga mushure mokunge vatamira kune imwe nyika vakauya kuRussia nerwendo. Pasinei nehutano hwemhizha kuMadokero, aigara achida kumusha. Muna 1997, akadzokera kuRussia nemhuri yake ndokugara muSt. Petersburg.

Madzimai nevana vemutungamiri

Maxim Shostakovich akanga akaroorwa kaviri. Zvishoma zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pemudzimai wekutanga we pianist uye mutungamiri . Mumuchato wake naye muna 1961, mwanakomana akaberekwa, uyo mukuremekedza tete rakakurumbira ainzi Dmitry. Asati aenda nababa vake kubva kuU.SR, akagara kwenguva yakati muUnited States, mushure mokunge atamira kuFrance. Dmitry Maksimovich ari kunyora mimhanzi ye electronic electronic synthesizers.

Iye zvino mudzimai we Shostakovich Marina. Pari iyo mwanakomana wemunyori akaroora akaroora kuU.SA. Mumhuri yake yechipiri aiva nevana vaviri - mwanasikana Maria uye mwanakomana Maxim, uyo akafambawo munzira yekusika. Kubvira pauduku, vaitora chikamu mumakontikidzi, vakadzidza kutamba zviridzwa zvemimhanzi.

Maxim Shostakovich haagoni kunyunyuta pamusoro pehupenyu hwake. Mudzimai waMarina akazova iye oga amai vevana vake, asiwo wezvokwadi, achibatsira mudzimai wake ane ruzivo mune zvose zvinoedza. Kwenguva yokutanga mutungamiri akamuona panguva yekutaura kwake manheru emimhanzi muImba yeZvimboni. Marina, uyo akanga achiri kuchikoro, akarayira murume wake wamangwana kuti amupe maruva. Kuziva kwevakaroorana kwakaitika zvakawanda gare gare. Nhoroondo iri pakati peMaxim Dmitrievich naMarina yakatanga nguva refu vasati vasvika kuAmerica. Vakanga vatotoroora muZimbabwe, apo musikana wacho akatevera musikana wake. Ikoko vaviri vacho vaiva nemwanasikana uye mwanakomana.

Upenyu huri pamwe chete nemukadzi wake wechipiri

Paaiva muU.S., Maxim naMarina Shostakovich vaigara vachishanyira machechi eOrdodox nemamatare. Nzvimbo yavo yaidiwa yaiva kereke duku yeSt. Nicholas, yakavakwa nemabasa evanhu vakakurumbira vechikwata Igor Sikorsky. Chisarudzo chekudzokera kuRussia chakaitwa nevakaroorana mushure mokunge vana vavo vatanga kukura. Vaida kuti vana vavo vakure mumamiriro ezvinhu eRussia uye vakwekwe mumitambo yeOrthodox. Pasinei nokuti mutungamiri nemudzimai wake vaigara kuMoscow vasati vadzokera kuAmerica, mushure mokunge vadzokera kunyika yekwavo vakagara muSt. Petersburg, guta rainzi Maxim Shostakovich. Mhuri yomutevedzeri akagara mukati memugumo weguta rakakurumbira paNeva. Shostakovich akadzokera kumimhanzi, uye Marina akabatana mune zvekugarisana. Achitenda kushanda kwake, chikoro chakavhurwa muSt. Catherine's Church muSt. Petersburg, uko vana, kunze kwezvidzidzo zvinokosha, vanodzidziswa mimhanzi, kutamba uye kutamba. Mwanakomana weHostakovich nemwanasikana akava umwe wevadzidzi vake vokutanga. Gare gare, vaviri vacho vakavamba kuvaka chikwata chekudzidzisa muPavlovsk.

Dzokera pakuitisa muRussia

Pashure pokugadzirisa muNorthern capital, Maxim Shostakovich akatanga basa rake rakashanda. Mimhanzi inoramba ichitora nzvimbo inokosha muupenyu hwake. Mutungamiriri wacho akatanga kushanda nemapurisa muMoscow, St. Petersburg nemamwe maguta eRussia. Mukuwedzera, akadzoka kune zvinyorwa zvemabasa ndokutanga kutungamirira rwendo rwendo. Maererano naMaxim Shostakovich, mimhanzi inomupa kunzwa kuti baba vake vachiri pedyo naye uye vanofarira kubudirira kwake.