Silica. Distribution zvakasikwa, nzira vawane, kushandiswa

Nesilicon yakasviba (kwemakemikari yemaitiro: SiO2, silica) - iri Hauoneki crystalline, rinoonekera kana amorphous zvinhu. chicherwa ichi chiri muchimiro Goldstone jecha riri zvinowanzoshandiswa pakuvaka, iri kugadzirwa kwemakemikari zvinhu uye redhiyo, mune avhiyesheni kuvaka uye mamwe maindasitiri mazhinji.

Kuparadzirwa Silica zvakasikwa

Silica iri huri pano goko sezvo musanganiswa navamwe zvicherwa (kunzi girenayiti), uye silicate, chikamu wedombo. Rakajairika sezvingatarisirwa kuitika chicherwa - Goldstone, cristobalite vari vashoma zvikuru, chalcedony, tridymite, hiakindi, lechatelierite (Goldstone girazi). The yakanaka Goldstone crystals wezvamatongerwe vanonzi "Musimboti" Goldstone. Nokuparadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pamatombo kuumbwa Goldstone jecha, izvo, nekuumbanidzwa, kutungamirira chitarisiko quartzite uye sandstone.

Rhinestone - ichi ndicho Goldstone yakaisvo, Hauoneki. crystals ayo anogona kuyera makumi ematani, uye kusvika urefu mamita anoverengeka. Uyewo, Goldstone anogona zvinenge zvakazara siyana nouipi Violet (ametesti), yellow (citrine), mutema (morion), smoky (rauchtopaz). Zvakasikwa, panewo cryptocrystalline muchimiro Goldstone: tsvuku-blue mune ibwe rerubhi, mutema-womuapuro kirisopirasi *, rinokwanisa kucheneruka nesafiri, nemanomano-mavara rejasipisi, onikisi uye agati jecha, hornfels nesilicon.

Unique "anokudzwa" hiakindi, chine colloidal tudonhwe dzakafanana dhayamita vanenge 0.2 microns. nezvimedu izvi vari kugara zvakasimba kupinda akarayira agglomerates emvura ane asingasviki chimwe muzana (mu opals dzakawanda - manomwe muzana). Natural nesilicon yakasviba deposits zvinogona kuumba diatomite, Tripoli. Of zvicherwa akavaka anoshongwa pamusoro diatoms, marangwanda vamwe sechipanji. Ndiye chikamu dzakanzi zvinomera - akadai tsanga, horsetail, sengere.

How kuwana silica?

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa SiO2 kunogona kuwanikwa:

- ne kuitwa hydrochloric (HCl) kana sulfuric (H2SO4) acids kuti ari yavaibvisa silicate, dzinenge - mune mamwe soluble silicates (ndiyo nzira huru munyika dzakasimukira);

- kushandisa colloidal nesilicon yakasviba (kuburikidza nechando kwayo kana coagulation pasi zvinoitwa F- ions, Na +);

- ne hydrolysis of nesilicon fluoride SiF4, nesilicon tetrachloride SiCl4, tetraethoxysilane (C2H5O) 4Si, desublimata hwakasimba (NH4) 2SiF6 mu gaseous muchimiro uyewo aqueous amoniya uye aqueous mapedzero (dzimwe nguva kuwedzera Organic bwezvingoro, kana panyaya iyi).

amorphous nesilicon yakasviba wakagadzirirwa:

- diatomite uye Tripoli;

- calcination mupunga pamateko;

- nokugeda pamusoro fused Goldstone.

Anhydrous silica Nezvakakuyiwa anobudiswa:

- kushandisa makemikari mhute deposition;

- ne hydrolysis uye oxidation mhute esters pyrogenic silica nesilicon fluoride;

- nokuda combustion kuti nesilicon tetrachloride SiCl4 mhute mune musanganiswa H2 uye O2.

Rakashandiswa silica?

- Natural silica zvaishandiswa pakugadzira porcelain, kongiri, abrasives, jecha madota zvitina, Ceramics, neyevhu, DINACYT, silicate magirazi;

- chakaita zvokugadzirwa silica ( "chena kabhoni dema") rakashandiswa sezvo filler ari zvaAtemisi rabha;

- Goldstone crystals kuroora vakawana kushandiswa zvemagetsi (filters, kakawanda stabilizers piezoelectric, resonators) mu acoustoelectronics uye acousto, zviri zvishongo muna Manyiminya tambo;

- rhinestone uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa nesilicon yakasviba zvinoshandiswa sezvo mbishi zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa Goldstone girazi, Goldstone, kuroora rekristaro Goldstone fibers uye zvedongo. Uyewo, Ceramics uye Goldstone girazi rinoshandiswa avhiyesheni indasitiri, optics, zvemagetsi uye mamwe maindasitiri. Goldstone rinoshandiswa senzira rejira zvinhu, kupisa chengetedzo, uye Goldstone fibers - kusika munhu faibha-optic gadziriro mashoko kuchinjirwa uye kutaurirana nemitsetse.