Sources uye zvinokonzera ivhu pakusvibiswa. Mhando ivhu kusvibiswa uye nemigumisiro kuti zvakatipoteredza

Ivhu - yakasiyana uye anokosha zviwanikwa. Kureva, rinogona munhu ose anodiwa zvokudya zvedu. Vasingazivi uye hanya basa kwevanhu - ndivo zvinokonzera chikuru ivhu pakusvibiswa.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana anthropogenic kukanganisika kwezvakapoteredza

ivhu kusvibiswa zvingava makemikari kana mumuviri. Ruzha, vibration, remagetsi munda, ionizing nemwaranzi pamusoro radioactive zvinhu, chafariz nemwaranzi - zviri mumuviri kana simba utachiona kuti kuitika nokuda mabasa evanhu. Panopera zuva rimwe nerimwe kunowedzera nhamba uye dzakasiyana-siyana itsva maindasitiri uye zvokufambisa emakambani, makemikari indasitiri. Chemicals mune zvokurima kungaita kuti zvechigarire anthropogenic kukanganisika kwezvakapoteredza. VaBennett ivhu kusvibiswa - iri siyana namakemikari kana xenobiotics kuti wakagamuchira pasi achishandisa gaseous, mvura uye rakasimba tsvina choutsi.

Vanonyanya kupa kusvibisa ivhu

Gore negore, mamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza iri kuipa nokuda anthropogenic kudzikisirana kwezvakatipoteredza munyika. Nyanzvi kugadzirisa dambudziko mumatunhu kuti akakwirira zvikuru kupfuura bvumidzwa muganhu. A vazhinji mabhizimisi uye mafekitari emit mumhepo gasi, aerosol, uye nezvimwe zvinokuvadza particulates. The chikero yakasviba ichi - kwematunhu uye nemakanzuru.

Kuwedzera, maguta nemisha kuonekwa dumped mu mumadziva, mvura-soluble uyewo insoluble yeimwe. Kuwedzera pamusoro ose choutsi mumhepo kusvika peya chicherwa acids, zvinoita zvokufembedzwa - izvi zvose kunokonzera yakasviba ivhu.

Sei nharaunda

An mhando inokosha uye zvakakodzera dzinongoitika chinogona - nyika. With anoramba Kuipa ivhu kunoitika gore negore, zvichienderana dzinongoitika uye anthropogenic zvinhu. Agriculture yakafurira chaizvo mukuru mamiriro ivhu, kukonzera kukurwa kwevhu, kusvibiswa, kuparadzwa, ivhu acidification, alkalinization, waterlogging, kudzikisirana uye gleying.

Environmental kusvibiswa ivhu - ichi inokosha chaizvo zvokuti misangano nesayenzi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti anthropogenic zvinofurira zvinogona kukanganisa zvachose zvinoriumba ose geosystems. Zvinonyatsorehwa nezvevakafa ivhu pakavha isakarurama nezvinhu kuchiderera nzvimbo inogarwa dzinongoitika uswa idzodzo. Man unotsiva izvozvo agrocenoses. Permanent vamurimire kungaita kuti apedzise kunyangarika rezvinomera uyewo nokuchinja mvura nechiyero zvinoriumba. Izvi kunoitika nokuda kuwedzera zvinonyatsorehwa mugove pemvura eko. Naizvozvo anogona chaizvo kuwedzera kukurwa kwevhu, kuchinja kuitika muvhu mamiriro, uyewo kuipa zvayo zvinokosha aqueous uye mumuviri zvivako. Nokuda inorema nesimbi uye anotambura zvinomera zvose.

Kuva simba uye kugara mhepo ine, okunze pamwe kukwana mwando kuita munguva mwaka, kuparadzwa rwokuzvarwa zvinomera nokuda yokunyanyisa kupisa - zviri zvose zvinosvibisa kwezvakatipoteredza ivhu.

Migumisiro kusvibisa mafuta munyika pechifukidziro

Kana ivhu auya peturu Mahydrocarbon, zvikuru zvakaipa zvinogona kuonekwa mune remangwana. Munzvimbo pane ndichibvunza achinatsa uye mafuta kugadzirwa, panyama uye makemikari zvivako zvevhu nokukurumidza wakashandurwa.

Kugara ivhu madhaka mafuta-kungatungamirira ndechokuti ivhu mhinduro achabviswa vakananga alkali. Kazhinji anogona kuonekwa vakawedzera prices zvachose kabhoni tigutsikane. Usakanganwa pamusoro kuchinja mune morphological ehupfumi enyika, iri kusimbisa kutanoobrazovaniya. Pashure kungava kuchinja ruvara zvechadenga ivhu Profile, uyewo Kushatiswa paumbwe upi rezvinomera.

Nyanzvi uye masayendisiti vaigona kuratidza kuti ivhu madhaka mafuta-- chinhu simba uye kutsoropodza kukanganisa yepanyama Resource kumiririrwa. Zvino kuidzorera mumamiriro ezvinhu zvakanaka, zvinogona kutora anopfuura gumi.

Kusvibiswa ivhu inobva

Munyika yanhasi nokukurumidza kuva zvokugadzira zvinhu intensification, riri nepose chinowedzera kusvibiswa uye dehumification nyika. Saka pane salinity yechipiri, uyewo dzakasiyana-siyana kukurwa kwevhu.

Nyika pabutiro ine simbi uye mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, asi nokuda kusagona hanya Mabatiro ayo wevasungwa ava zvinhu anogona yakawedzera kakawanda. ivhu Kusvibiswa mushonga zvinosanganisira choutsi emotokari chiutsi magasi, zvichiita mufudze fetiraiza uye zvakawanda. Nokuda kunyorerana ivhu kwemakemikari zviratidzi zvakasikwa nesimbi zvakadai kutungamirira, mekuri, cadmium uye mhangura, inowedzera kanoverengeka.

Nyanzvi dzinoti kushandiswa chipembenene kuzvidzora Organic chete, dzinongoitika uye utachiona nzira. Izvi zvinosanganisira nemagene nzira, dzinongoitika makemikari. Chete zvizere zvaidiwa dzose nemitemo ivhu kusvibiswa hazvizoitiki makemikari. Zvakakodzera kufunga!

Anthropogenic kusvibiswa ivhu

Anthropogenic manyuko munyika kudzikisirana vari mira uye non-mira zvinhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza pano kuti zvinosanganisira maindasitiri uye kurima. Masayendisiti vakatsunga kuti zvoupfumi, mhuri uye simba zvivako zviri Kakawanda kacho vari matsime nevanhu.

Kana ukatarira nemaonero rapanzvimbo nezvainoita zvakatipoteredza uye nenyika, pakusvibiswa ivhu nomunhu inogona rakakamurwa pose, kwematunhu uye nemakanzuru. Mobile motokari iyo vanosiya yakawanda chiutsi magasi kunogona kukanganisa mukuru ezvinhu ivhu pakavha.

Matambudziko kwemishonga yezvipembenene pamusoro mamiriro pasi munyika yanhasi

Mishonga yezvipembenene zvisinganyanyi Organic yeimwe bedzi. Vane duku samolecular uremu uye zvakasiyana mvura solubility. Munyika yanhasi, ivhu ndiro mutsivi kwemishonga yezvipembenene kuti zvinoshatisa nayo. Pano kufamba zvinhu dzinotaurwa miti kana zvakatipoteredza zvingaitika.

mishonga yezvipembenene Soil kusvibiswa kunoitika apo vazhinji Organic yeimwe angosimuka muvhu. Ugare ikoko kwenguva refu pashure kushanda. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti tupukanana angasanganisira zvakawanda rose namakemikari siyana kuti zvakagadzirirwa kubata mhuka uye zvinomera.

Sezvaunogona kuona, ivhu hutachiona chinokonzera zvinogona zvakasiyana. Vamwe vanhu havana kufunga kuti maitiro avo vaifarira dzimwe nguva kukanganisa zvinokosha pfuma yakadaro akadai panyika.