Statics - ndiko ... yokungotaura Mechanics, statics

Kunofambira mberi - sayenzi nzira kuti uwandu hwazvo kukurukurirana mauto pakati pezvitunha. Mauto ava basa kwerunyararo zvakanyatsoenzana, inofamba zvinhu kana kushandura chimiro chavo. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, unogona kuona zvakasiyana-siyana Mienzaniso ose zuva. Movement uye kuchinja chimiro vari dzinonetsa kusvika functionality zvose chakagadzirwa nezvimwewo zvinhu.

Pfungwa kunofambira mberi

Kunyatsogona statics dzakaiswa anopfuura 2200 apfuura, apo yemasvomhu Archimedes, uye mamwe masayendisiti nguva vaiita kudzidza ehupfumi ari gudzazwi uye nokugadzirwa nyore zvigadziriswe akadai mhikuriso uye ekisero. Statics - davi makanika rezvematambudziko mauto kuti chiito muviri vachingotya zororo, akapa pachiyero.

Ndicho davi wefizikisi chinoita kuti Analytical uye graphical nzira zvakakodzera kuziva uye unhu mauto aya USINGAZIKAMWI. "Kunofambira mberi" Chikamu (wefizikisi) inoita basa rinokosha mapazi akawanda engineering, zvemaziso, vehurumende, Aerospace uye anorapa achishandisa mitemo engineering, iyo kubata zvakasiyana nemigumisiro mauto. Kana muviri yozorora kana uchifamba pane kugara kumhanya, ipapo totaura nzvimbo iyi wefizikisi. Statics - kudzidza muviri pachiyero.

Nzira uye migumisiro bazi ichi sayenzi zvava kunyanya anobatsira ezvivako, mabhiriji uye madhamu, uyewo Cranes uye nezvimwe zvakadaro zvemaziso namano. Kuti vakwanise kuverenga kukura zvivako nemidziyo, ezvivako nemainjiniya kutanga kuona masimba kuti aite avo anoenderana nhengo.

axioms kuti statics

Statics - bazi wefizikisi kuti vanodzidza kudini zvemaziso uye nedzimwe nehurongwa kuramba pasi izvo neimwe ezvinhu, izvo haachinji nguva. Chikamu ichi wefizikisi kunobva shanu dzinokosha axioms:

1. A muviri hwakasimba ari ezvinhu kunofambira mberi zvakanyatsoenzana, kana pane masimba maviri kuti zvakafanana zvikuru, uvate pasi imwe yokufunga chiito uye tinotungamirirwa mu pakatarisana mirayiridzo pamwe chete mutsetse.
2. A muviri hwakasimba uchava vari kunofambira mberi ezvinhu chero bedzi vachange vasina zvokunze simba kana mamiriro mauto.
3. Pamusana vehondo maviri kuita chete zvinhu pfungwa akaenzana Vector mubatanidzwa masimba maviri. axiom Izvi pasi nheyo yacho vektori Verengai.
4. Two kuwirirana muviri sei mumwe namapoka maviri zvakaenzana kuchinyanya munyika pakatarisana mirayiridzo pamwe imwe yokufunga chiito. axiom ichi chinonziwo musimboti chiito uye kuita.
5. Kana deformable muviri uri ezvinhu kunofambira mberi nepakati, hazvina chibharo kana muviri unorambira yakasimba mamiriro. axiom ichi chinonziwo musimboti solidification.

Hurongwa hwayo yenyaya

Physics muchiGiriki (physikos - "rwokuzvarwa" uye "physis" - "hunhu") rinoreva sayenzi runotaura hunhu. Rinotaura ose anozivikanwa mitemo uye zvivako nyaya uye mauto kuita pairi, akadai giravhiti, kupisa, chiedza, remagineti magetsi uye zvimwe vanokwanisa kushandura inokosha maitiro zvinhu. Mumwe matavi sayenzi Vanamakanika, kusanganisira nyaya inokosha zvokuti zvose statics uye nesimba, uye kinematics.

Hurongwa - davi wefizikisi rezvematambudziko kudzidzwa vehondo, zvinhu kana miviri pane zororo kana kufamba. Uyu ndiwo mumwe mikuru nyaya muminda zvesainzi. Statics mabasa anosanganisira kudzidza ehurumende kwemiviri pasi pokudzora mauto siyana. Kinematics - davi wefizikisi (hurongwa), inodzidza kufamba zvinhu, zvisinei vehondo kukonzera inofamba.

Engineering Mechanics: Statics

Mechanics - icho sayenzi panyama iyo inoongorora maitiro mitumbi pasi zvinoitwa mauto. Govera 3 Mapoka hurongwa ane vanachandagwinyira muviri, deformable miviri uye zvinwiwa. Solid - ndiwo muviri chisingaurayisi deform pasi pokudzora mauto. Yokungotaura Mechanics (kunofambira mberi - pakati hurongwa ane vanachandagwinyira muviri) Uyewo unosanganisira simba kuti, akavapindurawo, dziya mu kinematics uye kinetics.

Deformable Body Mechanics inotaura nokuparadzira ehondo mukati mumuviri, akaita chokuita deformation. Masimba aya zvemukati kukonzera vamwe kusungika mumuviri, iyo pakupedzisira zvinogona kutungamirira nokuchinja acho. nyaya idzi dziri akadzidza nesimba zvinhu makosi pamusoro simba nezvinhu.

Urume hurongwa - davi makanika rinobata nokuparadzira simba mukati mvura kana magasi. Mvura vari zvinowanzoshandiswa mapurani. Vanogona semhosva incompressible kana compressible. Mafomu zvinosanganisira hydraulics, Aerospace, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Pfungwa emuchina

The simba yokubata simba uye inofamba. The chete nzira yokuchinja kufamba muviri - ndiko kushandisa simba. Pamwe chete simba rinomutsa kwokudzidza zvimwe zvinooneka pfungwa, pakati izvo zvinotevera: simba, tichimhanya, kudhumhana, musimboti regiravhiti, torque uye nechinguvana inertia.

Statics uye nesimba zviri zvachose pakatarisana mamiriro. Dynamics - dzidziso miviri, izvo kwete zvakanyatsoenzana, nepo kumhanyisa. Kinetics yave vachidzidza masimba anokonzera inofamba kana masimba dzinomuka somugumisiro racho. Kusiyana neizvi, hapana chinhu chakadai statics, kinematics - dzidziso inofamba muviri chisingazivi kufungawo chokwadi, tsoziva sangano rinoitwa. Dzimwe nguva unonzi "geometry kufamba."

kinematics

Kinematic zvinotaurwa inowanzoshandiswa nokuda Kuongororwa dzokuziva chinzvimbo, nokukurumidza uye kumhanyisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana midziyo panguva huchishanda. Kinematics funga inofamba ane pfungwa, muviri uye gadziriro miviri pasina nokufunga zvinokonzera inofamba. The inofamba yakarondedzerwa Vector zvizhinji zvakadai misha, velocity uye kumhanyisa, pamwe rairatidza bhuku hurongwa. matambudziko Various zviri kugadziriswa pakati kinematics equations inofamba.

Mechanics - Statics: chinobvumira tsika

Mechanics nhoroondo odzokera kupfuura rimwe remakore. Basic Misimboti statics yakagadzirwa kare. Ose levers, ndege vachida uye nezvimwe zvinotaurwa Paidiwa munguva mangwanani pundutso kuvaka Somuenzaniso, zvakadai zvivako makuru sezvinoita mapiramidhi.

Chinokosha kwazvo mune hurongwa vari urefu, nguva, vakawanda uye simba. nhatu dzokutanga dzinonzi mhedziso pasina mumwe. Power haisi neMhedziso ukoshi, sezvo chokuita mukanyiwa uye nokukurumidza kuchinja.

urefu

Length - ichi ukoshi rinoshandiswa kurondedzera nzvimbo imwe pfungwa iri muchadenga hama mumwe pfungwa. kure iyi inonzi mureza chairema urefu. The vakawanda vaibvuma mwero chairema kwazvo mita pakureba. mureza uyu yakaumbwa uye vakakwana kwemakore. Pakutanga, zvakanga imwe gumi-millionth chikamu quadrant ari panyika, kuburikidza icho kuyerwa kunge zvakaoma. 20 October 1983, Metro akanga se kureba munzira vaifamba chiedza Vacuum nokuda 1 / 299,792,458 seconds.

nguva

Time - ndiwo mumwe penguva pakati zviitiko zviviri. The vakawanda vaibvuma mwero chairema nguva wechipiri. Yechipiri pakutanga kunorondedzerwa se 1 / 86.4 avhareji Earth orbital nguva kumativi ayo akabatana. Muna 1956, tsanangudzo chechipiri kwakavandudzika uye vakasvika 1 / 31.556 nguva inodiwa kuti turnover zvakakwana, izvo zvinoita Earth vakakomberedza zuva.

uremu

Weight - imwe midziyo yacho. Rinogona kunzi sezvo chitsama pafuma huri mumuviri. muchikwata ichi anosarudza sei regiravhiti pamusoro muviri uye kurwisa kuchinja kufamba. Izvi nemishonga shanduko inonzi inofamba nenzira inertia, ndiro nemhaka uremu muviri. Common chairema gobvu ndiro kilogram.

simba

Simba - rinobva of Unit, asi chivako nechigumbuso chinokosha zvikuru pakudzidza makanika. Chinowanzoonekwa se kuitwa muviri mumwe, uye anogona kana ingasava mugumisiro zvakananga kuonana pakati pezvitunha. Rinokweva uye remagetsi nemauto vari mienzaniso mugumisiro dzokuteerera kwakadaro. Pane vaviri musimboti anokonzerwa vehondo vanotsvaka kuchinja maitiro rwokufamba vane katsika deformation. The chikuru chairema simba Newton munyika iri SI ino uye pondo muna Chirungu ino.

zvakanyatsoenzana equations

Statics anobvumawo kuti zvinhu zviri mubvunzo ndiwo emavambo hwakasimba. Verengai vehondo zvose kuita pamusoro muviri panguva zororo, anofanira kuva akaenzana zero, kuti ari kupindira mauto kudzima mumwe uye parege kuva katsika kuti mauto anokwanisa kuzodzosera muviri kumativi upi akabatana. Izvi zvinhu zviri yakazvimirira mumwe, uye mashoko avo kwemasvomhu chimiro ndiwo anonzi zvakanyatsoenzana equations.

Kune zvitatu zvakanyatsoenzana equations, uye saka mauto vasingazivikanwi matatu chete inogona dzaona. Mauto isingazivikanwi uchava anopfuura matatu, zvinoreva kuti zvakamisa hurongwa iri nemamiriro mumuchina kana zvishoma kupfuura kuti kunodiwa kuchengetedza imwe mutoro, kana kuti pane zvimwe zvinhu kupfuura zvakafanira kuchengeta muviri uchifamba kubva.

Kwakadaro pasingadiwi zvinoriumba kana kunyanyisa mitemo dzinonzi (somuenzaniso, tafura namakumbo mana ane pachisara), uye gadziriro mauto ndiyo statically indeterminate. Kuwanda equations rinowanikwa mune kunofambira mberi, shoma, sezvo chinhu chakasimba inoramba hwakasimba pasi zvose ezvinhu, zvisinei chimiro uye kukura.