Mhando rationality yesayenzi: tsananguro. nesayenzi chimurenga

Chero mhando rationality kwesayenzi presupposes kuvapo hurongwa mitemo, mitemo, wakananga imwe nzanga uye vanoonekwa zvakakwana. Mitemo iyi inodiwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa kuti inoshandawo kubva nemaonero munzanga. Mukuru pfungwa unobhadharwa kwavari uzivi, umo kutaura chekare, nonclassical uye post-nonclassical marudzi, chimwe nechimwe kunoratidzwa warwo nemamwe maonero enyika.

The dzidziso vakawanda

Pfungwa yokuti dzekare rationality kwakadaro zvesayenzi, nonclassical, post-nonclassical, anobvumira kunzwisisa zvizere sei munyika masayendisiti nhasi iri. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye mufananidzo. Kunyatsoverenga ongororo rinopa ruzivo yakakwana kukura ataiita zvenyika.

Introspection misimboti ouzivi inova hwaro dzidziso, makaita sainzi yakarongeka, akachenjera, pamwe methodological nouzivi chawo. Reflection mune chipo ezvinhu evanhu pakukura zuva uyewo haambotauri kuti kuzvitsinhanisa tsika kunoratidzwa kukura nezvemaitiro gumi apfuura, apo chikuru tsika yaita postmodern.

kodzera ruzivo

Zviri chinonyanya yo nguva 17-19 emakore apo uzivi, nzira kuzviisa pasi dzekare mhando rationality nesayenzi. Panguva iyi, anokosha pfungwa yaiva pfungwa yokuti pfungwa anokwanisa kuongorora nyika, anoti nzvimbo dzakapoteredza uye kuburikidza pakuongorora anogamuchira mashoko ongororo. Knowledge vanhu vaifanira kuita chinangwa mafungiro pamusoro nyika yatiri kurarama. Uyezve, masayendisiti akarondedzera zviitiko muonekwe navo muchimiro yavanofanira zviripo. Zvichienderana pfungwa pfungwa ruzivo akava dzidziso yake Rene Dekart, anonzi muvambi pfungwa ano pamusoro dzakapoteredza nzvimbo.

Classical rationality akava hwaro kukura nzira sechinhu sainzi. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna kukurukurirana ruzivo uye yokungotaura hwaro. dzidziso imwe zvavo zvinobva akasiyana manyuko hunobatsira ruzivo.

Pfungwa nzira

Munguva dzekare mhando musayenzi rationality nesayenzi abuda achishandisa axiom: chokwadi - chete hwaro wechokwadi dzidziso. Zvikuru mberi kusvika akaronga kuisa mashoko kuputira, kana kukura chokwadi amutsvaka aparadzane nomumwe.

, Zvinhu mutsauko aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira renyanzvi, vakaomerwa munda zviito zvavo. Kubatsira Kwavanoita akanga dzakakurudzira pamafungiro. Nzira, unyanzvi, uyewo hwokugadzira dambudziko runowanzoitika penyaya, mune gadziriro yakadaro handicho kune mamwe. Sezvineiwo, akatsiva mumwe, uye mhando rationality yesayenzi uye zvesayenzi chimurenga. Munguva yedu, weboka masayendisiti wakatsamwisa paumbwe imwe springboard kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakasiyana.

Classical rationality: inokosha kwawakabva

Sepokutangira nzira iri yoga kvantitatizm kuti ubanguranyika upi Chiitiko uye kunosanganisira kuyera ayo kusanganiswa okuti. Rene Dekart akati: "Bato uye gwara kureba zvokuti pave wezvose zvakasikwa."

Kunyatsooneka musiyano anouya nesayenzi, kwakacherechedzwa kuMiddle Ages uye anomutevera yaitonga. Sayenzi dzazvino hakuchisina richitsigirwa organisticheskoe maonero enyika, vanhu kana vakafunga, kana nyika - ndiwo muviri. Kana yapfuura zvaiita kuti zvose huripo roga, zvinoitwa vaongorori aiva kuchinja pakubhadhara itsva rationality kwesayenzi uye kunzwisisa nyika yakanga mechanistic. The simba hwakasimba pamusoro payo yakanga (kunze Descartes), Spinoza uye Leibniz.

Panguva iyoyo nyika sokuti vanhu akafanana mashandiro, kureva, zvose zvakasikwa rudzi yakaoma chaizvo yokurinda. It vakatevera kuti vanhu, hunhu anogona kuratidza pacharo kana kuronga kuedza. Murume, akavapindurawo, vanofanira kuona zvisikwa, kuzoumba mitemo nzvimbo. Naizvozvo pakutanga zvesayenzi rakasvika sei nokuramba kuedza kuti akabvumira zita tsika nesayenzi vaifarira. Izvi mhando rationality yesayenzi uye zvesayenzi chimurenga chokuita ayo pakagadzwa, vakawanda zvakajeka akaratidza ari uchapupu pamusoro Bacon: "Zivo simba."

Science: isu musamira

Mhando rationality kwesayenzi, kutsiva dzenhoroondo anowanzonzi nonclassical. Kuchinja kukonzerwa zvinhu zvakawanda. Anochinja omumwe yomudzimu, iyo Virtual European tsika, kunzwisisa munyika dambudziko. Izvi ndizvo zviri nguva kubva yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 kusvikira pakutanga kwezana remakore. Classical rationalism haana kugutsa vanhu chido zivo.

A kunzwisisa itsva haina kuuya pakarepo, asi zvishoma nezvishoma panoparadzana mwoyo kupinda mabhora ose. Kufanana nevamwe marudzi kare rationality yesayenzi, nonclassical aiva chibereko nguva yake. Human kuziva, kutsvaka zvikuru mashoko pamusoro nyika, akatendeuka kuva akafa magumo: zvaiva pachena kuti magariro ezvinhu ane simba chaizvo kuchinja ukoshi uye mukana wayo cognition. Chakava hwaro kukura quantum-relativistic chimurenga. Rinonyatsooneka mazita nonclassical mhando rationality nesayenzi: Heisenberg, Bohr, Einstein.

maviri okutanga vaiita quantum hurongwa, uye wechitatu waiva munyori dzidziso relativity. Kana sainzi rwakamuita kuti quantum, relativistic pfungwa, nokukurumidza iripo chidzidzo, vakawedzera. Masayendisiti vava kuwanika zvokutanga inoramba. Saka takatanga kukudziridza kufunga mazano.

Features dzidziso

Nonclassical mhando rationality kwesayenzi yakasiyana kubva dzekare rondedzero chinhu. Kana vasati vose vaiona pacharo, nzira itsva anosungirwa kugadzirisa mamiriro umo chiri akacherechedza uye kuona pamwero wavo nekuita pamwe masayendisiti vanofarira vanoramba.

Chikonzero nzira iyi vaiva dzakananga zviri zvokutanga inoramba. Zvakaitika kuti chinhu anogona vazvibate zvakasiyana, uye kukurukurirana yaiitwa pamwe kusarudzwa zvekushandisa kuti pakuongorora. Muenzaniso - chiri Erekitironi, izvo zvinogona kuratidza pacharo kuva chinozunguzirwa kana somunhu PARTICIPLE. It akakwanisa kuziva kuti chinhu haangogoni ehupfumi yaingowanikwa kwaari, asi pakuonekwa chete kana ikashandiswa pamwe chete nedzimwe nyaya.

Nokufamba kwenguva, zivo nyaya kuti masayendisiti uyewo achinja. Kana yapfuura Zvaidavirwa kuti aiita kuti shoma kubva kunze kwenyika uye riri kure nayo, nzira itsva akabvumira kuziva nyaya sezvo venyika, iri kwayo marongerwo. Somugumisiro, hunhu haangopi kupindura mibvunzo akagadzira parutivi munhu mudziyo wako, zvikuru pakuti sei mubvunzo uyu worded. Izviwo, akatsunga nokuziva. Saka, Non-dzekare nzira zivo akabvumira kuzoumba pfungwa itsva dzidziso, chokwadi, chokwadi. Haupo kuva akakodzera zvokuti zvakananga ontologism apo ruzivo uye chokwadi ane yakajeka, yakananga kukurukurirana.

budiriro mberi

Nhasi sayenzi ichifamba mberi nokuda kusvetuka uye miganhu. Scientific chimurenga, kukura uzivi, hwokugadzira uye sayenzi kuvandudzika, uzivi matsva vakazvidza yezwi itsva. Zvino zvava zvokukurumidzira post-nonclassical mhando rationality nesayenzi. Masayendisiti anoti ichi - wechina yose yechimurenga zvesayenzi. Zvisinei, vamwe vanoti kuti idzva mhando rationality achiri achangozvarwa, uye yepamusoro kubudirira kwayo mberi.

Ruzivo rwesayenzi changing achangopfuura makore ane kwazvo, izvozvo makatsamwisa, kusanganisira nemagariro zvinobatanidzwa kukura. Zvinoreva kugamuchira, chitoro ruzivo, achishingaira yakatanga, mauri basa hwesayenzi chose achinja. Mukuru pfungwa masayendisiti muzuva redu tunokwezvwawo kudzidza, chokuita akawanda anoranga, uyewo kugadzirisa chaiwo kukamura uchishandisa nyaya. Kana akanga venguva sayenzi nechepakati nzeve chaenga, anoonekwa voga kubva zvesayenzi. Asi mazuva iwayo kupfuura vachishingaira kusimukira zvirongwa kuti kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakaoma neminda zivo vakawanda. Izvi Hunoita kuti vanachiremba akasiyana mabhora basa muchikwata. Izvi zvinoita mufananidzo chokwadi, kuumbwa nemasayendisiti chokuita mumwe, izvo pamwe rinotipa zvizere uye yakarurama mufananidzo wenyika. Ideas vanotama kubva sayenzi nesayenzi, miganhu vari vakadzima, vanachandagwinyira nokupesana midzi kare. Pretty chakasimba anechekuita tsvakurudzo.

Sei basa iri

Nyanzvi kubva anoranga siyana kubatana masimba kuongorora zvakasiyana siyana zvakavapo. Kazhinji, zvakadai co-kuvhiyiwa aunganidzwa kuti kuongorora kugona vakazvimirira kuva akazaruka gadziriro. Zvakangoitikawo kuti Virtual mugadziriro - zviri zvakaoma kuti adzidze chinhu yesayenzi. Zvakangoitikawo kuti Virtual mugadziriro - zviri zvakaoma kuti adzidze chinhu yesayenzi.

Shanduka - iri kuchinja kubva anyatsoita mumwe kuzvidzora ndangariro. Nevamwe zvinhu - zvinhu mukati sangano, kuzvidzora mitemo. The pamwero itsva chakaumbwa nepamahofisi bifurcation pfungwa, kureva panguva apo hurongwa anova kugadzikana. Kunyange netsaona Impact chinokurwadzai paumbwe mamiriro matsva. budiriro iyi parura pave nzira, asi simba chiito anogona kudzokera nayo shure kune hwaro wehurumende. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, simba iri haabvumiri kuti chinhu chitsva.

Location: kutongwa shanduko

Kuva kudzorwa mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakakodzera chaizvoizvo munguva ndima bifurcation pfungwa. Masayendisiti vanoti Pakadaro, "simba majekiseni". Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kutanga kugadzirisa hurongwa, vachivaka sechivako zvimwe chechetere.

Hurongwa kuti anogona kuva pamusoro wayo, kazhinji vanoratidza Mubatanidzwa yakajeka. Zvichiitika pavo kusingarapiki kwendangariro. Panyaya iyi, vanhu kukanganisa - ichi hachisi zvokunze simba, uye ari chinoumba wegadziriro. Munhu anogona kuchinja nayo, kuchinja munda mamiriro. Kana anotora chikamu kukura gadziriro, haisi kushamwaridzana wacho zvinhu, asi kunokanganisa mutsetse yemhindumupindu. Choice hakuna nzira shure. Kazhinji, hazvibviri kufanotaura zvose nemigumisiro chisarudzo.

History uye Science

Ndinofanira kutaura, nokuti nyanzvi, kunyanya pakubata sayenzi zvepanyama, haana pachena ukama kare Virtual hurongwa. Kutanga aitofanira kubvuma, zvipenyu, nyanzvi uye avo vari kuita kufanana anoranga pamwe nyika. Zvinonzi pano vakanga akatanga kuumbwa mufananidzo chaicho apo nechepakati Pfungwa Evolving akatora chinhu. Handizvo kare sayenzi izvi akabatanidzwa wefizikisi.

Historical budiriro yokudzidza wefizikisi zvinhu yakava chikamu mufananidzo chokwadi kuburikidza cosmology. Iye akaridza basa Big Bang dzidziso, uye nezvimwe zvinhu chokuita nepfungwa rokuumba Metagalaxy. Mukuwedzera, zvakasimba wefizikisi ano akanga akapa mabasa Prigogine chose nonequilibrium thermodynamic urongwa, uyewo Mubatanidzwa dzidziso. pfungwa dzakadaro vanobvumirwa kuumba RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA maonero enyika, kufungisisa nhoroondo yacho kukura. Pakati mharidzo yesayenzi nhasi papfungwa pose evolutionism. Vaiva kiyi post-nonclassical mhando rationality nesayenzi.

Special nyaya

Anodei vavashandire gadziriro yakadaro kare kusimukira kuti vari hunonyatsobatana hunhu hwenyika. Of navo pakutanga - zvivako, izvo zvinosanganisira vanhu. Masayendisiti achiati "hwevanhu-divi". Typical mienzaniso - zvipenyu, zvokurapa, utachiona zvinhu, kusanganisira biosphere, kudzidza zvakatipoteredza munyika. Ivowo zvinosanganisira hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu, kuvabereki engineering, uye hurongwa kuti pamwe michina uye vanhu, kusanganisira AI (chakagadzirwa njere) uye IT nehurongwa.

The kudzidza izvi hurongwa zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuva humanistic tsika, nekuti nzira imwe kana mumwe pane kukurukurirana rakachena sayenzi pfungwa Humanism. Nokuremara kukonzerwa nyaya yebudiriro, kutsakatisa vakasununguka kuedza. A zvinoverengeka mukukurukurirana - akarambidzwa, uye kudiwa ichi kuziva zvose masayendisiti vaya vakasarudza mirayiridzo chiito. Chikonzero ndechokuti vamwe zviito zvinogona kuva nezvimwewo wayo nemafashamo nemigumisiro.

Achitaura nevanhu-divi zvinhu, masayendisiti kufunga waifarirwa tsika uye zvinhu, uye kubva preconditions izvi kuzoumba kutsanangura kuchengetwa zvakavapo. Vanotsvakurudza vari kugara akasangana nezvinetso zvetsika. Hazvina nguva dzose miganhu pachena bvumidzwa chipingaidzo. Panguva iyoyowo, ose sainzi ane netsika dzakawanda kuti kunomutsa tsvaka workarounds kuzadzisa zvinodiwa chinangwa. Kutsvaka mashoko matsva unofanira zvishongo pamwe nenhungamiro Humanism uye inoshanda tsika. Knowledge anova chinhu mumagakava upenyu uye rakagadzirirwa kubatsira kunzwisisa mitemo, nevatambi, tsika nzanga iri kuitika padanho kukura.

Achiratidza

Kutaura mhando rationality yesayenzi, mapoka mapoka matatu: chekare, nonclassical uye post-nonclassical. Pari, tiri kurarama mhando rechitatu, inova nevamwe chepfungwa - kudzidza yose zvayo, kufungisisa ukama. Asi panguva apo zvesayenzi hwagadzwa, uye kusvikira remakore rechi19, dzaitongwa chaiwo. Akanga yakatsiviwa dzisiri chekare, akagadzira pachishandiswa pfungwa Einstein, Bohr uye Heisenberg.