Subject wemagariro evanhu uye ayo dzakaitika inotungamirwa

Chero sainzi ane vavariro yaro, inova mugumisiro yokungotaura abstraction, uye kuti kunoita kuti kusimbisa vamwe mifananidzo kukura uye kushanda wechivako. The specificity wemagariro evanhu ndechokuti inodzidza vanhu. Saka ngatitarise kuziva sei nyaya havaoni nezvemagariro evanhu.

Ogyust Kont, uyo akaumba mashoko okuti shoko "evanhu", akatenda kuti nyaya nesayenzi Iri RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA vanhu, iyo yakavakirwa zvakasikwa kubvumirana. Ekupedzisira iri izwi rinoreva kubatana yevanhu uye hunhu hwevanhu pacharo. Chimwe muvambi nesayenzi, Chirungu musayendisiti Herbert Spencer, akapedza upenyu hwake hwose, tichiona pamberi Bourgeois vanhu, iro kusiyaniswa sezvo inokura uye anoramba kuvimbika kunokwana ichangoburwa evanhu nemasangano. Maererano Spencer, nyaya wemagariro evanhu - vanhu, achiita basa evanhu muviri umo integrative pezvakaitwa pamwe chete Kusiyanisa nokuda shanduka dzokusimukira masangano.

Karl Marx, uyo akararama akawanda hwake muEngland, kutsoropodza dzidziso Comte uye Spencer. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti Marx vaiona kuti Bourgeois nzanga zvakadzama dambudziko uye chikatsiviwa mugovanisi. Nokukurumidza iye akasika dzidziso yake, iyo rinorondedzerwa so zvinhu pamuviri nhoroondo. Maererano naye, kambani hakurevi kuva tichiregeredza pfungwa, asi tichiregeredza zvinhu masimba zvibereko. Zvichitevera pfungwa iyi, nyaya wemagariro evanhu - nzanga ive makemikari ezvinhu, kukura nenzira kubatana uye kuvimbika kuburikidza neboka tichirwisa nokumukira.

Nokudaro, havaoni nesayenzi vakabvumirana kuti nyaya yake inoshanda nzanga chokwadi. Direct basa pakugadzirwa nzira yakasiyana vakaita zvemagariro uzivi uye tsika uye enyika kuswedera.

Danho rechipiri pakukura sayenzi kwakabatana ayo budiriro iri kubatana nzira. Mumiririri nguva yokutanga vanotsigira yokungotaura uye methodological chaiwo. Panguva ino (the 80s remakore rechi19 - risati hondo yenyika yokutanga) kuenda kukura inokosha methodological misimboti munzanga tsvakurudzo, vazive nzira yacho uye nzira yokuwana empirical mashoko pamusoro payo. chipo chinokosha mune mirayiridzo iyi yakaitwa kubudikidza nyanzvi yokuGermany F. Tennis. Panguva yake basa nesayenzi Aitsanangura evanhu uwandu, aiitisa zvidzidzo empirical vekirasi Hamburg ezasi nezvokumwe mamiriro kwemhosva uye mwero nezvemiitiro vakananga kuzviuraya. Somugumisiro, basa akazviratidza empirical evanhu ave rairatidza chirango.

Maererano tenesi, evanhu chinhu vakaumba mhando evanhu, paruzhinji uye munharaunda, idzo dzinobva kubata vanhu vakatamira nechido. Zvisinei, zvirimo uye zvinyorwa vacharamba hunoshamisa. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, Adler ari kushingaira kusora nyaya evanhu tsika, kureva evanhu zvinhu zviri inotungamirwa tsika uye zvinokosha zvinodiwa. Gare gare, zvisinei, dzidziso iyi yave achitsoropodzwa.

Danho rakatevera raiva kukura munhu akura yokungotaura uye methodological Classics. Nguva iyi yakatora kubva First World War uye makore 70 remakore rechi20. Subject uye nzira sayenzi vari kunyatsotevera ukama. Mumiririri Danho iri Russian-American nyanzvi Pitirim Sorokin, iye akasika munhu "gadziriro wemagariro evanhu", iyo yakavakirwa dzidziso uye maitiro nokuyerwa mumagariro mufambo. Maererano naye, nzanga - chaiyo akagadzirwa kuwirirana vanhu, apo mamiriro nyaya anoenderana nezviito zvake muminda mumagariro mufambo. Urongwa uhwu rinotsanangura, pakutanga kwezvose, nyaya nezvemagariro evanhu.

Panguva ino (mukupera remakore rechi20, mukuvamba remakore rechi21, kunzwisiswa kutsva sayenzi, dzimwe dzenhoroondo Maererano naye, vanhu hapana chave nechepakati uye nyaya nzanga yezviri hunhu pakati vateveri kuswedera - .. A. Touraine uye P. . Bourdieu, Britain MG Archer uye Giddens pari, izvo atarisana mibvunzo: Ko vakaramba dzekare kunzwisisa nyaya, kana kungoti vanoda kukura.