Stone the marten: pakuonekwa, maitiro uye kudya

Unoziva sei dombo the marten anonzi kudaro? Inogarwa nezvishoma söpö mhuka iyi? The anodya? Anogona ibwe the marten kugara pamba? On vamwe mibvunzo iyi uye vazhinji tinoedza kupindura munyaya ino.

Exterior zvinhu

The marten - mumwe inonyanya boka mhuka nezvikara. mhuka iyi duku, kuva tetepa uye kusanduka muviri, fluffy bvudzi muvengi chakakomba kune shiri dzakawanda uye mhuka. To musi, nyanzvi dzinoti 8 mhando the marten. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - namabwe namatanda marudzi.

Stone the marten ane elongated mutete muviri, rakapetana uye refu muswe. Her nemakumbo mapfupi. Izvi mhuka tomu ane mativi chimiro. Nzeve yakakura, kuisa yakakwirira. Vazhinji vanodavira kuti mhuka iyi chaizvo zvakafanana Ferret. The fanano zvechokwadi ikoko. The musiyano mukuru - kudzidya chivara pamusoro pachipfuva the marten, vakapfuura mitsetse miviri makumbo kumberi. Asi iwe unofanira kuziva kuti Asian Vagari mhando angava asina mavara.

mhuka mbava tsvarakadenga yakaoma, dzakapendwa mu greyish mashava kana brownish-yellow tint. Meso ndiwo rima. usiku achatonga rwepepuru ruvara. Stone the marten, pikicha izvo unogona kuona munyaya ino, mashizha pasi zvakajeka zvisaririra kupfuura ayo dondo "muzukuru." Runoita chikara ichi chiduku kusvetuka, apo makumbo hadzi kuwira zvakajeka pamusoro kutevera mberi. Somugumisiro, kuramba rinodhindira, iyo vavhimi vanodana "dvuhchetka".

Of dondo shiri belodushka (the marten) hwakasiyana yekudyidzana. Zviri zvishoma yakareba muswe, ruvara pamitsipa ane yellowish tint zvasviba mhino, tsoka akafukidza bvudzi. The marten ibwe kwakanyanya, uye miganhu yacho Meunier. vakura muviri mhuka urefu - 55 cm muswe - masendimita 30 -. 1 kusvika 2,5 makirogiramu. Vanhurume ndivo yekudyidzana akakura kupfuura vakadzi.

Stone the marten: munzvimbo nokuparadzirwa

mhuka iyi anogara treeless makomo Altai kuCaucasus, ari floodplain mumasango Ciscaucasia, uye dzimwe nguva mumaguta nemapaki kwesango kumatunhu Russia. Rakabudiswa mhando iyi Martens muna Eurasia, pamusoro katsi Peninsula, muna Mongolia uye eHimalaya.

Vaanosangana uye Ukraine, ivo Baltics, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Central uye Middle Asia. Mumasango hwemhuka upenyu, achisarudza nemasango, nemavhinga pamwe mumakwenzi diki uye neapo miti kuroorwa, matombo nomunzvimbo dzine. Ndokusaka chisikwa raakange atumidzwa. Zvinoshamisa, mhuka duku iyi hakusi kutya vanhu kazhinji dzinogona kuwanikwa mudzimba uye runotibatsira, attics edzimba.

Uri kuziva nyaya pamba kuvharirwa? In pakutapwa, ibwe the marten kushanda mupenyu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kashoma kuwana kunyange muzvinhu dzinochengetwa mhuka. Zvisinei, muGermany, Central Zoo kweBerlin, vokuGermany akakwanisa kusika zvinhu anenge akakwana, sezvo pedyo yavo yepanyama dzinogarisana.

subspecies

Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu vakagovana zvose ibwe the marten kupinda subspecies mana.

1. European belodushka. It unowanikwa dzimwe dziri European chikamu yaimbova Soviet Union uye Western Europe.
2. Crimean belodushka. Sezvo zviri pachena, ari mugari muCrimea. It ane zvishoma vakasiyana voukama sechivako mazino, duku dehenya uye kupenya ruvara.
3. Caucasian belodushka. Ndiyo subspecies kupfuura kurarama kuCaucasus, ane inokosha uye yakanaka kupenyerera mbava underfur.
4. Central Asian belodushka kusarudza nzvimbo dzokugara of Altai. Iye pectoral gwapa iri havaratidzi yakatanga. It ane akasvibirira chaizvo mbava.

Maitiro zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza

Stone the marten rinoshanda mumadekwana uye usiku. Masikati ivo vanorara muti zvanza kana akarongwa matendere magora. Vazhinji the marten upenyu vakatakura pamapazi emiti, saka ndipo vanonzwa chivimbo chaizvo - vanokwira hunde dzacho, vachisvetuka kubva nebazi. kusvetuka kwavo kunogona kusvika 4 mamita.

The marten uye nokukurumidza zvinokambaira panyika. Mumwe nomumwe ane pachake mugove wayo, miganhu iyo inoratidza rinokosha chakavanzika. Kana mutorwa anotyora ndima, kuti zvinobvira kurwisana pakati mhuka. Zvisinei, mune varume nevakadzi neeSultan kazhinji bindepinde. Nzvimbo wokuronga izvi zvinosiyana zvichienderana nenguva yegore. Panguva nzvimbo yezhizha kupfuura munguva yechando.

The civet anodya

The marten - zvikara, saka nemhaka yavo zvokudya ine mhuka duku - nemakonzo, squirrels, tsuro, shiri. Vagari vanoti mhuka idzi zvikuru kakawanda vaenzi henhouses. Kana shiri vanotanga kuti tisatya, nhokwe, kunyange the marten kwazvo yakakodzwa havazokwanisi kudzvinyirira mupfungwa dzenyu - ndiwo zvose vanopfuura shiri.

Uchibata pechaabata, chikara scratching wake vertebrae, muchayamwa rurimi, akapeta kuva chubhu, inodziya ropa. Stone the marten akakwanisa kubata uye kunzwisisa shiri yake murindi kana vanokwira vachipinda panosangana uye kudya mazai. Muzhizha, mhuka idzi kubata zvakasiyana-siyana nezvipembenene, matatya. The marten dzimwe nguva akawedzera yavo kudya miriwo zvokudya, sezvo mutemo, michero kana michero.

Kuvhimwa ibwe the marten zviteyeso

Nokuti ruzivo muvhimi the marten chinhu chakakodzera mukombe. Ichi manomano, zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita uye nokukurumidza chikara inokwanisa panguva achitevera yokunzvenga siyana zvipingamupinyi, rinoshamisa mundovanda mumiti. The pamutemo Mwaka inotangira November. Sezvatakamboreva, ichi usiku chikara (the marten). Hunting zvinogoneka chete usiku. Chete muchiitiko ichi usadzorera kumusha maoko.

Nzira inonyatsobudirira yokuita kunovhima mhuka iri kushandiswa zviteyeso. Most yaiwanzoshandiswa musungo nhamba 1. muvhimi wese ane zvakavanzika naro yavo pachavo. Kugoverana mumwe wavo. Traps inofanira kuiswa pamuti nemapazi ari nekukwirira mamita maviri, asi havaiti kufukidza zvose chando. Zvino mhuka rikawira mumusungo, haangakuregi mukana kubuda (ari mupurigatori).

A musungo pamwe ndyiro anofanira kuiswa pedyo akapfumbira muhwezva. Dzinovhima pamusoro the marten (zviteyeso) hakusi gobvu, sezvo nhamba mhuka idzi hakusi wakakurisa. Uyewo kuwana mhuka iyi kwakaoma. Zvisinei, nokuti ngozi zvikuru kunovhima the marten - the kuchiva mukombe.