Environmental unhu mitemo uye dzavo mhando

Kuti kuwana chinangwa wakatarwa, zvakafanana pamwero uye unhu kwezvakatipoteredza, zvakakodzera kuti tiite imwe kusiyaniswa kuongorora akawanda mirayiridzo panguva imwe chete. Pakati zvinoita kuti chokuita migumisiro wakatarwa, dzinokosha zvinoumba ari zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza: mhepo, mvura, ivhu, zvokudya, uye zvakawanda.

Kukosha Standardization mune zvakatipoteredza mabasa

Quality Guidelines zvakatipoteredza akaronga kuti rinokosha mitemo zvinokuvadza. Kazhinji, mukana pamusoro kwaita zvinokachidza zhinji uye anokanganisa kuronda mamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza zvikuru nokukwirira maindasitiri, zvokurima, uye zvimwe zvibereko, uyewo munyika upenyu hwevanhu.

Nekugadzirisa matambudziko munzvimbo nezvakatipoteredza nzvimbo ehurumende ane nyaya vangasimudzira inokosha nokuda chakaipa kuvapo vagari vemo. Active simba pamusoro womunhu muviri zvinokuvadza kazhinji kuguma kukura pathological pezvakaitwa dzinobatanidza siyana yematambudziko uye anorwadza syndromes mu t. H. The chepfu, mutagenic, anaphylaxis, malignancy, uye gonadotropic embryotropic hunhu.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa unhu kwezvakatipoteredza?

The chikuru kupatsanura pakati zviratidzo izvi zvinobvumira kugovera vave kwemarudzi aya kwezvakatipoteredza yepamusoro mitemo:

• mitemo utsanana bhora;
• nemirau Complex kwezvakatipoteredza;
• mabasa ari maindasitiri uye zvoupfumi sectors;
• zvokungoitawo mitemo.

Mumwe nomumwe kwemarudzi izvi zvinodiwa inoda uwane nehanya nokuti ane rakakura kukosha mune gadziriro mufananidzo rokupedzisira zvabuda.

Block utsanana mitemo

By tsika kwezvakatipoteredza yepamusoro zviri panzvimbo yokutanga, utsanana-kudzivirira uye utsanana zvinodiwa. Somuenzaniso, yokupedzisira zvinoratidza zvakawanda rose gradations zvinokosha, nokududza pamwero zvakasikwa pakanyorwa akaipa zvinoriumba. Izvi ichikutadzisa wevasungwa zvinokuvadza zvine chepfu mudenga, nzizi, madhamu uye pasi; zviratidzi bvumidzwa panyama zvinofurira (ruzha, mwaranzi, vibration, remagetsi nemwaranzi), kuti kana zvino, kana huchachinja vagari uye utano hwavo mwana mumakore akazotevera.

Somuenzaniso, kana yezviri chirungiso ndiyo anokanganisa yepanyama mamiriro chinhu zviri kuwanda zvidiki (zvichienzaniswa zvinokonzerwa pamusoro womunhu muviri), zvakatipoteredza mitemo yepamusoro unosimbiswa, inobva kusimba matambudziko rokuti zvinhu iri biosphere. Yepamusoro pazvikumbaridzo nokuti zviratidzi zvinopa kuchengeteka munhu chete mupfungwa zvisina kutorwa.

Principles nokuti kukura Utsanana zvezvakatipoteredza mitemo

Kana uchitaura zvakare pamusoro utsanana zviratidzo, pano tiri kutaura nezvekuparadzwa toksikometricheskih zvinodiwa. Kwakakodzera dosages, wevasungwa kuti ngozi zvinhu kana zvinokonzerwa chaiko inokonzera yatarwa siyana zvakafanana.

Hazvishamisi kuti kudanana kwakadaro kwezvakatipoteredza unhu mitemo vanowana chikumbiro chavo munharaunda post-Soviet inoti. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mune zvakawanda kwazvo ezvinhu, yepanyama zvakatipoteredza, mamwe mitemo anogona kuiswa.

Utsanana kuchengetedzwa mitemo

Utsanana uye kuchengeteka zviratidzi kwezvakatipoteredza unhu zvinodiwa vane chinangwa chakasiyana. Vavariro yavo ndeyokupa kupedza kudzivirirwa hutano vanhu imwe nharaunda kana nzvimbo. Pakati mabasa kuti zvipindirane utsanana kudzivirira munyika dzine achitevedza mitemo inofanira kusanganisira:

• Kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti zvakakodzera kuchena mvura pfungwa;
• kudzivirira nemigumisiro kusvibisa zvinyorwa.

Standardization nemirayiro mune zvakatipoteredza munda

Ecological kwezvakatipoteredza unhu mitemo kushumira chidzore miganhu yevanhu rokuchinja yepanyama kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana vari kupfuura pane mukana kuchengetedzwa nezvipingamupinyi sezvinobvira akakodzera ezvinhu muupenyu hwevanhu uye ayo chairo rawakajaira. Paro haigoni kuonekwa pamusoro nzira unilaterally, sezvo vanogona kuva kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza-Utsanana uye zvakatipoteredza. Uyezve, guru kukosha uye kufadza bvumidzwa mutoro pamusoro yepanyama kwezvakatipoteredza.

Environmental mitemo - kwezvakatipoteredza unhu mitemo, panguva iyo mvumo panyaya utano zviratidzi anoratidza kukosha kuti pakati zhinji mhando bioactive zvinenge zviripo unetseke utachiona, kana tichienzanisa munhu. Uye kana vanhu yakasimbiswa dzemunharaunda vanogona kuva murayiro unokosha kupfuura avo vaifanira nezvimwe zvinenge, ari ouchenjeri mhinduro yaizova pakatanga hwakaderera kuitira upenyu huzere zvimwe zvipenyu.

Variety yemirau zvezvakatipoteredza

Ko irreplaceable zvipenyu uye kuchengeteka mabasa mitemo, chikuru muupenyu unova kuchengetedza majini mudziva yepasi kuti zvinhu zvipenyu replenishment, kuchengetedza nzvimbo pakati yenhau, tsika uye dzinongoitika ukoshi. Muenzaniso unoshamisa vakadaro zvatinopiwa anganzi sangano biosphere kuchengetedza nharaunda, National Parks, uye zvichingodaro. D.

By tsika kwezvakatipoteredza unhu zvimwewo dzezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa. Kufadza zvinobvumidzwa mutoro kukoshesa yepanyama kwezvakatipoteredza Vakandikomberedza basa kutadzisa zvemamiriro Kuparadzwa zviwanikwa uye kukuvara yepanyama zvipenyu linkages. Zvinokosha kuti vabudirire rwekuronga chinangwa pakushandisa uye kubereka vana chicherwa mari. Kwakadaro Environmental Quality Standards kazhinji vakazvigadzirirwa kuramba Masvomhu yesayenzi. Pakusarudza chairo zvikumbaridzo kunonyanya kukosha pfungwa kugamuchirika mwero maindasitiri kuona paneimwewo dzinongoitika kwezvakatipoteredza mapazi.

Production uye mamiriro ezvoupfumi ari normalization kwezvakatipoteredza

Munyaya inotevera chinogumbura kunosanganisira zvokudya chinangwa kunan'anura yakaderera nezvikumbaridzo zviratidzo, panowanikwa uko akabvumira mu maindasitiri uye zvoupfumi sectors. Change Kurongwa Implementation mabasa munzvimbo iyi kunogona kunyanya nokusanyanya mashandiro anoita imwe kambani, zvichikonzera njodzi kubva pfungwa nemaonero nyanzvi mune utano uye zvakatipoteredza murau. The inonyanya kugadzirwa uye nemirayiro zvoupfumi vari:

• kwesayenzi zvinodiwa;
• mbuva rakagadzirirwa kuzvivaraidza nzvimbo;
• mitemo, uchiwana kufunga kana vachivaka.

Wokutanga subgroup inosanganisira the, MPD uye CTPs. Maximum choutsi bvumidzwa uye discharges kuti zvinokuvadza mudenga, mvura, uye bhuku huni vakapiswa akasiyira mumwe nomumwe nomumwe kunobvepi kusvibiswa mune zvakatipoteredza. mitemo yakadaro kunoenderana nhoroondo yomunhu ari zvebhizimisi pfungwa, nhamba uye hunhu nemigumisiro.

To mubvunzo kunyatsoziva yekuronga guta mitemo kushandisa kukura-software uye pave yakachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza. Just kana pangava kuronga uye kukura kwomusha.

Vari boka rechitatu pfungwa nezvimwe zvinodiwa. Environmental unhu mitemo iri kuzvivaraidza munzvimbo kubvumira kwakafanira dzinongoitika zvivako, vachisiya zvinhu kuti kukura ushanyi uye dzisina basa.

Ndeipi nguva mitemo?

Time mitemo kakawanda Muzviitiko apo, nokuti vamwe chikonzero hazvibviri kuverenga zvimwe metrics pamusoro apa. Where hazvibviri kukudziridza rwokugadzirwa, utsanana uye Utsanana zvinodiwa, kuti akarwawo pakusika pfupi zvokudya. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti nokufamba kwenguva, kufungisisa yesayenzi mberi, nguva dzose upgraded zvigadzirwa, midziyo, uye naizvozvo, pane mukana yemirau tighter kuti muderedze zvakatipoteredza.

How kuongorora mamiriro kusvibisa mhepo?

Anofungidzira unhu munhu zvinhu kunogonawo biosphere Via dzakawanda Misiyano zvinodiwa izvi. Zvikurukuru, kuongorora mamiriro dzekudenga munzvimbo Kamudzira ingavakirwa zviridzwa akawanda:

1. Kufadza zvinobvumidzwa Kuwanda zvinokuvadza mumhepo pamusoro maindasitiri nzvimbo. normalization Izvi zvinosanganisira nokuyerwa wevasungwa kuti zvinokuvadza mumhepo nenguva maawa masere zuva kana kwemaawa 40 pavhiki. Vaiona bvumidzwa kuunganidza zvinhu dzisiri vanokwanisa kukonzera chirwere. Uye kuwana chirwere Occupational kunogona kwete chete kubasa asiwo remangwana.
2. Maximum zvinobvumidzwa Kuwanda Zvinosvibisa mudenga yawo. Subsensornye (dzepanguva) zvakaitwa muviri harifaniri kuitika munguva nehafu maawa inhalation mhepo kubva bvumidzwa wevasungwa.
3. The zvinobvumidzwa Kuwanda Zvinosvibisa mudenga nzvimbo yacho uchishandisa remauto sechinhu zvokungoitawo mureza, uchishanda haana anopfuura 2 years.
4. Maximum zvinobvumidzwa choutsi anokuvadza uye kusvibisa zvinhu kupinda zvakatipoteredza. chokuratidza Izvi zvinodiwa nechokwadi kunonyanyisa zvaidiwa mitemo utsanana mumhepo misha pamwe kukanganiswa mamiriro ekunze. unhu izvi zvakatipoteredza mitemo kusvika 5 years.
5. Kufadza zvinobvumidzwa Kuwanda huni kupiswa. Akati chakarurama chendangariro zvaidiwa zvose zvinodiwa utsanana mabasa pamusoro combustion zvigadzirwa mumhepo yawo.

Kukosha mvura mumudziyo mhando mitemo

Zvikuru munyika utsanana uye zvakatipoteredza kuita kuongorora achitamba kusvibiswa kwemvura bheseni. Akagadzawo kwezvakatipoteredza mhando mitemo, zvikurukuru reservoirs, kubvumira kudzora uwandu inokuvadza uye zvine chepfu kupinda mvura. Kufadza bvumidzwa pfungwa chero zvazvingava hakufaniri kuva zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kukanganisa utano hwevanhu vane chipo uye vaizotevera.

Utsanana mamiriro ezvinhu kushandiswa mvura, zvichaita kubatsira tiine unhu zhinji yaishandiswa hove mhuri ounyanzvi. Uyezve zvinobvumidzwa Kuwanda zviratidzi nemvura iyi mumudziyo kucharamba yakasimba uye achityisa kukunda dzomuzana yakasimbiswa kuti anenge bezrybnyh nzizi, madhamu uye prices. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa kuti chepfu uye inorganic yeimwe vanowanzotevedzera kuunganidza mune zvinenge zvoupenyu hwemvura kwemisha zvizhinji.

The mitemo inodiwa iwe ivhu, ruzha uye nemwaranzi zviratidzi

Uchimutarira ivhu uyewo kunoitika maererano nezvinodiwa maererano vaifanira zvinobvumidzwa kuwanda utachiona vari topsoil. The nemigumisiro izvo zvinogona kuva zvine muchetura uye namakemikari zvinoumba ivhu vaaisangana nemvura, mhepo, zvinomera, uye zvingaita kuti isina zvazvinoita utano hwevanhu. Masvomhu mirayiro chaizvoizvo kwemakore matatu.

Standards uye Environmental Quality Standards zvinosanganisira zvimwe zviratidzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira ruzha uye radiological zvinodiwa. Boka rokutanga dzakabudirira mitemo zvinoreva yakamisirwa kunonyanyisa bvumidzwa ruzha yomuropa, maererano iyo nezuva uye hurongwa kukanganisa utano hwevanhu haazorambi tinzwe zvakaipa pamusoro wayo unongotaura.

ichengetwe Radioactive kusvibiswa pamusoro biosphere kunofanira kudzorwa utano zviremera. Migumisiro kunyanya kana refu kuchengetera radioactive zvinhu zviri mumuviri womunhu kunogona kuva zvakaoma. Zvinozivikanwa kuti ionizing nemwaranzi yenyukireya anogona kukonzera kenza. Naizvozvo, izvi nemirau zviratidzi vanofanira inotaura chisingabviri zvisina kufanira chokupfeka.