Hondo Maloyaroslavets 1812

Patriotic Hondo 1812 gore - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu umhare mapeji nhoroondo yedu, vanhu zvizere Russian vakaratidza kugona kusimbisa mu ngozi wokunze. Uye kunyange zviri kuonekwa chiitiko chikuru hondo Borodino, ndiyo hondo Maloyaroslavets 1812 akamanikidza Napoleon kusiya chirongwa kukunda kumaodzanyemba enyika uye zvakamanikidzwa shure munzira Smolensk mugwagwa. Somugumisiro, uto French rakaparadzwa, uye mauto eRussia akasunungura Europe uye wakawuya Paris.

prehistory

Pakarepo mushure September 14, 1812 mauto Napoleon memurume Moscow, ayo shure akatendeuka remagandanga hondo. Zvikurukuru muvengi unotambudza dzakabatana vangarwirwa, neKomisheni Ivan Dorokhov, A. Seslavin, D. uye A. Davydov Figner sezvo Vakaparadza ngoro nezvatinopiwa uye zvokudya. Panguva iyoyowo Nokurasikirwa nokuda aizotambudzazve ari guerrillas pamusoro French Army zviumbu dzaiwanzova akafanana nhamba yokusagadzikana mune hondo zvikuru. Zvikurukuru, musi 11 October Dorokhova kukupfura akasunungura Vereya, nokupwanya musoro wake nomusi rechiuto iri Westphalian chemazana chehondo, uye guerrillas vakagamuchira mukana umbowo mamwe kurwisa sezvo Kaluga uye Smolensk mumigwagwa. Kushaya zvokushandisa uye zvadzinofura kwakakanganisa kuti French akatanga kurasikirwa kurwa kugona uye kunyange vakakanda pfuti nokuda kwokushayiwa mabhiza. Tichitarisa zvose pamusoro apa uye rakanyarara Russian chamber pakupindura rorugare, Napoleon akasarudza kusiya Moscow uye vatamire Smolensk Via Kaluga.

Zviito pamberi muhondo

Tisati tataura pamusoro hondo Maloyaroslavets, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti vavengi wehondo mukuru akava pedyo duku uye unremarkable muguta, apo panguva iyoyo vaigara chete anenge 1.5 zviuru. Saka varwi Napoleon kwakaita muchibva guru vashatisa Russian musi October 19 uye akatamira pedyo Kaluga mugwagwa wekare. Zvisinei, zuva rakatevera, mambo akarayira kuti kutendeukira mumusha Troitskaya munyika itsva Kaluga mugwagwa uye akatuma mberi pasi nokurayira Vanguard pakati stepson ake Evgeniya Bogarne, uyo akakunda musha October 21 Fominskoe. Pashure nomushumo kuti muvengi vanofanira kuva nenzira Maloyaroslavets, Kutuzov akarayira Dokhturov adzikatidza nzira Kaluga. Panguva iyoyowo, Napoleon chikanganiso vainzwisisa rinoshamisa revarwi Russian kugadzirira hondo uye akarayira Beauharnais kurega vachifambira mberi, vachiisa basa iri kune dziwande duku weboka General Delzona.

Capture French Maloyaroslavets

Apo Delzon pedyo guta, meya Bykov akarayira kuparadzwa zambuko pamusoro gandwa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutadzisa muvengi inifanduri kuyambukira mhiri riri kuvakwa pagadzirwe zambuko uye tora Maloyaroslavets, uyo panguva iyoyo kwakanga kusina vadzivirire. Panguva iyoyowo Kesari pachake pamwe huru mauto misasa usiku muna Borovsk.

Hondo Maloyaroslavets zuva uye zviitiko zvikuru

Sezvaunoziva, dzakaitika vakawanda vanofarira mibvunzo pamusoro "apo" uye "apo". Saka, hondo Maloyaroslavets kubva 1812, unova zuva - October 24, akatanga pa 5:00 am apo Dokhturov akatuma rangers kurwisa Colonel A. Bistrom. Zviuru varwi hondo iyi akakwanisa dislodge French pamusoro kweguta, asi kune maawa 11 pazuva kuti kubatsira nevanozvitsigira vasvika echiShinto Beauharnais, uye gare gare Napoleon achizvicheka huru mauto. Takagamuchira vavabatsire uye Russian, saka masikati mukurwa zvakatoparara chikamu nevanhu 9000 kubva rumwe norumwe. Pashure pemaawa mashomanana, asi kurwa haisi chete hakuremudzwi; asi akakura achityisa sezvo kununura wehondo mhanya pakati echiShinto zvose zvitsva.

Nenguva zvina o'clock hondo Maloyaroslavets akapinda mutsindo Danho kwayo. Chokwadi kuti Kutuzov akakwanisa kutora yakanaka nzvimbo napazvikomo, riri 1-3? Km kumaodzanyemba kweguta, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kudzora nzira kuna Kaluga. Muhondo iyi nokuti akapisa guta kusvikira 10 pm.

Events October 25-26

Mangwanani akatevera, panzvimbo Maloyaroslavets aiva madota, uye mativi vari zvakare vakagadzirira kurwa. Zvisinei, Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov pakarepo akarayira kuti shure kune akagadzirira zvinzvimbo manheru, vachidanidzira zviito zvavo zvakashamisa muvengi. rinoshamisa iri Akaperekedzwa pakavanda kufamba anoverengeka regiments Platov, uyo vakayambukira mhiri Puddles akakunda French. Uye Napoleon pachake nepaburi retsono kubatwa uye rakamanikidzwa sheedzera dare iri Gorodnya, iyo-kuroora handedly akasarudza "kufunga chete ruponeso hondo." Saka, hondo Maloyaroslavets kubva 1812, nokusunungurwa musi iyo - 26 October, ndokuguma shure weuto Napoleon pana Mozhaysk, kuti iye haana kuvimbisa chinhu chakanaka.

zvabuda

Kutonga nezvinooneka nezvokuonekwa French vatungamiriri vemauto, vari siyana, mauto Napoleon vake vakarasika kubva 3500 vanhu 6000. Maererano Russian divi, vakaurayiwa uye vakuvadzwa pamusoro 6.700 vakuru uye varume. Uye hapana munhu akatora kufungawo Nokurasikirwa pakati militiamen, uyo zvimwe yaiva zhinji. Pasinei vose vakaurayiwa, hondo Maloyaroslavets munguva Hondo 1812 yakanga vakazoroorwa vachibvumirana kuzivikanwa dzakaitika huru inokosha mukukunda Kutuzov. Kana French, izvozvo chete kunonoka kuenda kwavo uye kunyimwa hondo yokupedzisira tariro Napoleon kuti utangezve pokurwa muna 1813.

vehondo Russian, uyo vakaita mutsindo basa muhondo nokuda bridgehead pamahombekombe Puddles

Kutaura chero hondo, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro, sezvo hondo Maloyaroslavets munguva Hondo 1812 (chakaitika mumazuva okutanga mushure shure kwezvinhu Napoleon kubva Moscow), hazvibviri kuti varege kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro vehondo vaivepo mairi. Saka, muhondo nokuda Luga bridgehead kwainge chinokosha basa:

• Mikhail Kutuzov. Field Marshal pakutanga hondo isati akaratidza akasiyana chiratidzo uye akaita yakakurumbira Tarutino rinoshamisa, akamanikidza Napoleon kutamba maererano nemitemo Russian. Danho rinotevera Kutuzov akatungamirira kuti shure rechiFrench, yaiva nzvimbo yakatorwa munzira kuenda Kaluga, iyo muvengi vasingagoni kutora nokuda kwokushayiwa simba emauto uye atirari.
• M. Platov uye D. Dokhturov. Pakati vehondo, nokuda iyo hondo Maloyaroslavets (1812) yaiva kutanga kuguma weuto Great Napoleon wacho, akati kunyanya izvi zviviri vemauto - tisawana navo chaizvo zvechokwadi. Uyezve, sezvo tichiziva, munhoroondo guru basa reDare mukana, zvakaitika zuva risati hondo iyi. Mushure hondo Maloyaroslavets 1812 (musi: October 24) haisi aronga, uye kana French haana kubvuma kufamba Dokhturov muviri kuti uchigadzirira kwakajeka kurwa uye akarega zvinokambaira zvikamu Beauharnais, hazvina kubvisa chii chingadai chakaitika. Asiwo, kuna Platov kuti kupa rakanga kudivi Napoleon, iyo Cossacks aisagona richatorwa. Asi hondo angadai yapera kare October 25, 1812!
• A. Seslavin. Not rokupedzisira basa hondo Maloyaroslavets (musi - 1812, October 24) aiva nemigumisiro yakanaka nokuti mauto eRussia uye guerrillas taitamba. Kunyanya, yokuzviparadzanisa refutenendi General Seslavin. Chokwadi ndechokuti kana vasori vake havana kuona French mauto sangano, muviri Dokhturov, kugadzirira kurwisa musha Fominskoe aizokundwa pamberi muhondo inotanga.

French vemauto vakange musiyano vakazvigarisa hondo Maloyaroslavets

Pakati veuto Napoleon muhondo iyi musiyano

• Evgeniy Bogarne. Raiva Viceroy kweItaly akatora Fominskoe, kugadzirira mauto andobata baba vake vokurera Maloyaroslavets, uye ndiye ane ake 4th Corps apiwa vakapinda muguta pashure akasunungurwa rangers Bistrom.
• Alexis Delzon. General Delzonu kukudzwa rokutora guta iyo iwe watanga hondo Maloyaroslavets. Uyezve, iye pachake akatungamirira mumwe kurwiswa uye akaurayiwa muhondo, sezvo inokodzera vakashinga musoja.

Little-anozivikanwa magamba hondo

Nokuti mabasa akaita muhondo nokuda Maloyaroslavets, akapiwa mutongo anoverengeka zana pamisara. Pakati pavo paiva varwi vakawanda rechi19 Jaeger chemazana chehondo, iyo akaenda kurwisa uye Archpriest Vladimir Vasilkovsky. mufundisi Izvi mukurumbira wokuva mushumiri yokutanga Russian, paakavapa ari Order of St. George ukuru wechina. A guru muchinangwa hondo Maloyaroslavets muna 1812 wakaguma nyasha hondo Kutuzov raMwari, vairidza uye S. Belyaev, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva dhipatimendi mukuru womunharaunda dare. Apo French aida kuuya pagadzirwe zambuko, jaya akatora akatsaura mai, uye mvura vakamhanya wakavharirwa nechisimba.

Chernoostrozhsky Nicholas Monastery - chinyararire chapupu nenhoroondo

To musi, mumwe chete akapona, "chapupu" achirwa Napoleon, vakatora nzvimbo pamahombekombe erwizi gandwa. Chokwadi ndechokuti kubva mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16 chechechi muna Maloyaroslavets, muna 1812 kuva pakati remapazi zvechiuto. Mushure kurwisana vomuguta yakakurumbira vakaona kuti magedhi yebhuruu pamusoro wemamongi pamwe mufananidzo Muponesi zvachose akafukidzwa kungoda mabara shrapnel, asi chiso Kristu asina dzaparadzwa kana rimwe chete bara. Rakanga senzira chishamiso, uye paitonga Nicholas I panguva behest chamambo pamusoro pesuwo paiva chinyorwa "maronda pakuyeuka hondo French." Zvinosuruvarisa, ndiro dzisina rubatsiro urwu, asi nhasi paSuo Blue, unogona kuona zvisaririra mabara kuti wakasiya restorers ndangariro zvizvarwa.

Monuments mukukudza magamba hondo Maloyaroslavets, makasimbiswa muzana remakore rechi19

Pakarepo mushure Second World War pamwe Napoleon vanhu vokuRussia vakatanga asimbise zvirangaridzo, izvo zvaifanira kuchengeta kuyeuka rawa. Ndozvakaitikawo uye hondo Maloyaroslavets, zvishoma udza riri zvakaoma.

The Monument yokutanga mukukudza magamba muhondo iyi yaiva Cathedral St. Nicholas Church, yakavakwa pamusoro mipiro pamusoro vokuRussia, uye vagadzwe 1843. Mukuwedzera, yechi30 gore Russian nemauto kukunda muhondo pamwe Napoleonom Nikolay I akarayira kuti kumisa shongwe pasi yakakurumbira hondo dzose, kusanganisira Maloyaroslavets. The Monument yakakandirwa pasi magadzirirwe mapurani A. Adamini uye kuisa nayo muguta pachivara rakapedzwa muna October 1844. Zvinosuruvarisa Monument ichi haana kuburukira nhasi, sezvo rakaparadzwa 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore.

Monuments kune magamba pakurwa, munguva 20-21 emakore fung

Muna 1950 kwakasarudzwa kuti zviparadzanise guta Park pakuyeuka vakaurayiwa pakati Patriotic War pamusoro Napoleon. Ake akasimbisa vakakomba vaviri vakawanda makuva, umo mauto vakavigwa, nemhaka iyo hondo Maloyaroslavets munguva Hondo 1812 kwaiva yokuchinja kukuru inokosha. Kunyange apfuura, vachikudza rechi100 negore kwechiitiko ichi, pamusoro maviri hwakavigwa mumakamuri ari shongwe paakagadzwa.

The rokutanga rinobuda izvi pachikomo. Pakati murwiyo, zvakagadzirirwa kuti kuchengeta kuyeuka vaya akakunda hondo Maloyaroslavets, inomira yakatanhamara pamwe dombo iro muchinjikwa akatasva. rutsoka varwi Its achiisa korona Polotsk hondo, uye panguva nzvimbo pamberi shongwe anogona kuonekwa 3 munda pfuti womuenzaniso 1812 uye chepiramidhi nuclei.

Kana ari wechipiri shongwe, riri munzvimbo iyoyo pachivara uye ndiye dombo muchinjikwa pamusoro izvo zvinoratidza gore (hondo Maloyaroslavets kwakaitika muna 1812) uye akasimbisa chirangaridzo Dombo pamwe akanyorwa: "Vakatsunga madzitateguru Fifth Corps".

Mukuwedzera, kumucheto pane mumwe vakawanda guva ane mwero obelisk, uyewo kudanana kubva 1812.

Kuyeukwa zviitiko kwakaitika Maloyaroslavets uye makore anopfuura 200 apfuura munzvimbo dzakapoteredza, iri airemekedzwa nhasi. Zvikurukuru, October 5, 2014 muguta kuti kumisa shongwe Archpriest B. Vasylkivska, rakanyorwa mifananidzo Shcherbakov.

Vavakezve hondo Maloyaroslavets, 2014

Rangarirai zvakapembererwa zvombo vanasekuru - itsika yakanaka. In yechinangwa emakore anoverengeka munyika akaita rokuvakazve hondo siyana. In nyika yedu, chiitiko yokutanga yakadaro yakarongwa panopera yacho 80s, uye kazhinji vanenge vakazvipira yakakurumbira kuhondo vaviri Hondo Yenyika II. Gore rino, vavakezve hondo Maloyaroslavets (2014) kwakaitika musi October 26 uye, mukuwedzera kurwisa Zvikamu, anosikwa zvakawanda, vateereri Akaonawo mavara vanofora Mumusangano kuti kugadzirwa zvombo, uye akatora mugove makwikwi siyana.

hondo dzakawanda hondo muna 1812 nokusingaperi mabhuku emauto art. Kunyange zvazvo, sekutaura kwakaita mudetembi, Russia zvose anoyeuka zuva Borodino, Maloyaroslavets hondo kunofanira kuva zvizvarwa havana kukanganwa magamba ayo.