History uye pakuvambwa musi Saratov

Nhoroondo Saratov ane emakore anopfuura mana. Panguva ino, guta akakura kubva nhare diki iri Strelets zvinokosha maindasitiri muzinda muna Volga mudunhu. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana rwaakaratidzwa mafungu wandei kwouwandu hwevanhu: Yekare Vatendi, ivo colonists German vaitsvaka upenyu nani vanhuwo zvavo. Saratov - kumusha duku akakurumbira manhamba akawanda nhoroondo Russian, kusanganisira tsarist wehurumende Petra Stolypina.

muganhu Fort

Maererano kazhinji akagamuchira dudziro ichaongororwa kuti musi nheyo Saratov - Chikunguru 12, 1590. City akaita yakabuda ave nhare, zvishoma nezvishoma rakavapo kuva chakakomba Kusimbaradza zasi-okumabvazuva kumiganhu Russia. Nokudaro vakaramba kukura uye kugarwa wemvura nyika. Date nheyo weguta Saratov rakaenderana imwe kunhivi wezvokutengeserana kukura pamusoro Volga nzira.

Fortress, dzakanga dzakavakwa pamusoro ipapo underdeveloped pamhenderekedzo yorwizi, ndizvo simba chipingamupinyi pamusoro vachirwisa of Nogai uye Crimean Tatars. Ngozi muArabhu akamanikidza hurumende tsarist rinenge panguva kuvaka Samara, Saratov uye Tsaritsyn. All Maguta aya aiva baba kuvambwa - Grigory Osipovich Zasekin. Fortifier unyanzvi, ruzivo mukuru uye muvaki aiva mumwe zvikuru Nhamba chokuita consolidating simba mu Russia iri Volga River. 1590-d (nheyo muna Saratov) - musi, chinhu chinokosha inokosha izvi. Nokuda nhare vakakwanisa kumisa zvachose kubatana ezasi kunosvika vaikudzwa kunosvika kuna Volga.

nenhare Features

Zasekin kuona kwete chete chii chichava kuvambwa musi Saratov, asiwo chii chichava kunzvimbo kuvakwa wakakombwa yepakutanga. Vanova nyore kuyambuka pamusoro Volga River, iri chaizvo pakati pakati Tsaritsyn muna Samara. Pakutanga, ari kugarwa anoshanda vanenge 300 uta. Next muguta iri chikomo. Rave richishandiswa sechinhu yakakunakira papuratifomu nokuda kuona kwenzvimbo dzakawanda makiromita kumativi.

The guta akadzivirirwa kwete chete masvingo asiwo zvakasikwa zvipingamupinyi: kumawere, rwizi, dondo, oxbow makungwa, hova nechiduku dziva. Kune rimwe divi rwokuzvarwa muganhu Saratov akanga gully. Takaedza navavaki guta. Kwakati musi kuvambwa Saratov, pamusoro isina nzvimbo pamberi paiva masvingo uye nharire.

City servitors

Mwoyo kugarwa itsva pakarepo akava Office gavhuna. Parutivi naye, pachivanze uta, vakuru uye vamwe varwi. Vamwe guta dzatora zvivako vatengesi navapfuri vesimbi. vanhu Service (kusanganisira Gunners) akararama pedyo masvingo eguta, saka kuti kana vakamuka pakarepo kugadzirira kudzivirira guta.

Ndiparadzaniswe zororo zvivako zvaiva gunpowder wedzimba, matura uye chingwa uye tirongo. Chirefu kupfuura mamiriro yaiva chechi kuti mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo pamusoro nezvimwe zvivako. Saratov kunyanya yakavakwa namatanda ndokusaka paiva kuramba ngozi moto. Nokuti kuchengeteka Vagari zvehari uye metallurgia yamavira vaiva pachena mumunda. Kunobudirira pakuvambwa musi Saratov uye zvakasikwa ezvinhu enyika Lower Volga nharaunda vakarega guta kukura. Paiva huru isina kumbobatwa munzvimbo ivhu rakaorera uye mafuro rukuru. Bortnye akapfuma kunovhima nhandare uye akakwezva ose kugara itsva.

Mutsika vanogara

Munhau Russian Colonisation of Volga musi kuvambwa muguta Saratov akava inokosha mucherechedzo, uchiteverwa mutsika vatamira nharaunda kwakawedzera yekudyidzana. Service vanhu vaifamba murenje nokuda tarisiro idzva vakadzikama muhoro. Vapfuri achiperekedzwa nezvikepe zvavatengesi uye mapoka, vachitamburira kwete chete anongofamba Nogai, asi zvikwata "mbavha 'Cossacks, vaibira vatengesi.

Muvambi Grigoriy Zasekin akagadzwa gavhuna wayo wokutanga. Aiva mutariri yose upenyu guta racho uye akakonzera kuripwa muhoro musketeers. Mamwe mazuva zvehondo, vaiita horticulture, arable zvokurima uye zvipfuwo maberekero. Inotevera sefungu vanhu vaida kugara Saratov, akaonekwa pakutanga XVII remakore, apo Russian hurumende vakapona muhondo dzakadeura ropa vehurumende uye Polish kupindira.

Panguva Troubles

Muchirwisa colour pakati kutyisa hondo, vagari Posada uye vanhuwo zvavo vakatiza mhirizhonga iri nechepakati mapurovhinzi mumhenderekedzo Volga. Musi inotungamirwa Saratov - 1590, asi pashure pemakore 20 yakura muguta chaiye tichiregeredza misha yavo. Panguva iyo Volga nhare akatsungirira kokumanikidza refu veko Cossacks, akarayira venhema siyana (eg Ileyka Muromets Ilya Gorchakov).

Muzhizha 1607 paiva kutyisidzira idzva. A muchinda Ivan August akaunganidza Cossack yokuzviparadzanisa Tsaritsin akakunda uye akatamira vakasimudza Volga. Saratov ravarwi akarayira Vladimir Anichkov mumigwagwa yakawandisa motokari uye Saburov. The kutsigira wakakombwa unonyangadzwa kurwiswa uye chikwata haana kubvumira kwake kupinda muguta.

matambudziko matsva

Tsarevich Ivan zvichipomerwa akatizira Don, apo akaurayiwa kunosangana nehondo yose Venhema Dmitry II. Saratov uyewo muchidimbu vakarega kuteerera Moscow zviremera - simba payo akabata vatsigiri mumwe anoedzesera.

Nokukurumidza nyika vachauya, asi muna 1614 mumusha macho zvavawira njodzi chaiyo. City akapisa pasi. vagari vazhinji vakaurayiwa uye vaya vakapukunyuka vakatizira Samara. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Castle richiri rakadzorerwa. Rumutsiriro Its rakaenderana kudzorerwa chiremera chepamutemo muMoscow (choushe vakapfuura kusvikira Romanov youmambo).

The Volga nharaunda, Zvichakadai, vakaramba kurarama upenyu hwake dzematunhu, kubviswa enyika makuru kuchiva. Chiitiko chikuru pano kwaiva kuvaka nhare matsva (semuenzaniso, dzinokosha Data nechigadziko aiva Saratov nharaunda). History of nharaunda iri XVII remakore, inozivikanwa zvikuru sketchy. Muna 1636, Adam Olearius akashanyira Saratov - musoro German Embassy, akasiya nyaya ake akasiyana pamusoro upenyu iyoyo Russian.

ugari kukura

Muna 1674, apo Alexis, Saratov nhare akatamira kune imwe itsva nzvimbo pedyo Sokolova gomo. Panguva wePezhiya rati , vakashanyira Peter I. Saratov Base kare pamusoro. Zvino guta riri zvishoma nezvishoma kukura uye kukura. Vafambi vakapemberera kwayo yakarurama migwagwa uye akapfuma kunotenga arcades. Saratov rakava muzinda zvehari, mukugadzira kugadzirwa, kurima zviyo, munyu. Kuzvikudza veko kwave fekitari kuti kugadzirwa taffeta, satin uye masokisi. Muna 1774 guta yakarwisa Boka Emelyana Pugacheva. kumukira kwake akanga atova pamakumbo ayo okupedzisira. Ataman akasungwa chete nokuwa pedyo Saratov.

Kukura kweguta uye namaguta akanga akapoteredza wakabatsirawo vanatenzi, vatongi uye vatengesi. New vagari kuuya uye nomuzvarirwo. vevanhu ava vakanga vachitiza serfs ari landlords. Ndakagara muzvizhinji kuzomukazve kumativi Temple (semuenzaniso, ramangwana Hvalynsk). In pakati pezana XVIII remakore, akararama kwemakore anopfuura zviuru 200 vanhu vari Saratov mudunhu. Panguva iyi, guta akavaka mutsva vashandi kugarwa anobatanidzwa mukurima munyu pamusoro nedziva Elton.

centre dunhu

Zvichida Saratov nhasi haana yaizova yakakura kugarwa, kana achiri asina Catherine II akasaina chirevo pamusoro kwemahofisi iri munharaunda pamuuyo vaipikisa. Old Vatendi inotangwa nemisha yakawanda, kusanganisira Balakovo uye Pugachev. Kuwedzera kwakaitika muna Saratov kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero, apo nzvimbo itsva dzinogarwa akazviratidza. Muna 1803, guta rine yemitambo yayo yokutanga. Munguva Catherine II, amachinda centre akanga nemafashamo pamwe colonists German.

Muna 1782 Saratov Province yakatangwa. Kusvikira 1850 yakaramba rimwe remasangano ari yose Russia. In Saratov uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza vakatsvaka vanhu kubva nechepakati mumatunhu, apo pane kuperevedza nyika. Mukuwedzera Russian uye German colonists vakagara munharaunda Ukrainians Mordvinians Tatars. Maererano 1897 vaverengwe muna Saratov mudunhu akararama mamiriyoni 2,5, uye nhamba iyi vakapfuura mamiriyoni 3 pamusoro avaida World War First. Growth matsime chete nokuda kudeurwa kweropa haizopereri kusagadzikana. Vagari Saratov ndiyo 242 zviuru vanhu. Raiva guta guru kupfuura ose yose Volga nharaunda (more Kazan, Astrakhan, Samara uye Nizhny Novgorod).

Saratov Stolypin

zvinokwezva Vazhinji Saratov uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza vane ukama Petrom Stolypinym (1862-1911), zvichida yake yakakurumbira zvikuru chizvarwa. The akakurumbira yokutungamirira Nicholas II yaitonga akawanda wakaitwa nzvimbo Prime Minister of Russia. Aiva mukuru initiator pakati zvinhu munguva iri Tsarist Duma. nzira yake zvematongerwo enyika akatanga nomutauro wake Saratov - muna 1903 akagadzwa kuva gavhuna Saratov. Muna 1906 akava gurukota rezvinoitika mukati menyika uye vakasiya guta, apo kamwe akashanyira chete kusvika.

Stolypin akaurayiwa pashure apfurwa mune Kiev yemitambo. The cheya pairi akagara pasi pashure dzinouraya yakarohwa bara akaisa Saratov remunharaunda miziyamu. Uyewo muguta iri mufananidzo wehurumende, dzakapendwa nokuda kwazvo Russian Artist Iley Repinym. Muna 2002 akauya wokutanga Saratov muRussia nhasi Stolypin shongwe.

Soviet kwemaindasitiri

Nokuda World Wokutanga Civil War, kurima Saratov yekudyidzana dzakaora. Chete pashure zvakatora makore anopfuura gumi, bhuku kugadzirwa akasvika rekodhi pamwero pamberi 1913. Mugore 30-ies. guta akasangana kwemaindasitiri uye collectivization. Kutendeuka nguva zvikuru chii zvino Saratov.

Photos akaitwa zhinji ano - vari mifananidzo miti, inobva kumanikidzwa maindasitiri. Izvi zvinosanganisira "Universal" - .. The fekitari mubasa kugadzirwa muchina maturusi, uyewo knitting fekitari, bhaira chirimwa, nyama, etc. Nokuda kwemaindasitiri yachinja sechivako bhizimisi iri Saratov. Kuwedzera pakuita mairi taitamba simbi, uye zvishoma uye zvishoma - ZVOKUDYA Industry.

Great Patriotic War

MuHondo Yenyika II, makambani akawanda kubva Frontline munzvimbo vave abviswa kune hama yakachengeteka Saratov. Photos uye wongororo evashanyi kushanyira guta nhasi, kurondedzera nayo somuzinda kugadzirwa ano, asi rinokosha hupfumi guru vakauviga 1941-1945. Zvimwe mberi kwave rabha, Whitehead Textile uye chiedza indasitiri yekwataigara indasitiri.

The kwomwedzi Guta Saratov, Shona, riri pakatarisana, akasiya kumahombekombe Volga, akanga abviswa Bryansk Engineering Plant, mune ramangwana kuva trolleybus. Paivawo firimu itsva. Saka, kwete kure Saratov yakanga yatangwa gasi kugadzirwa kuti akauya kuguta riri Mapaipi inovakirwa. Vazhinji makambani kurongwazve pasi zvinodiwa mberi, riri sei mumaguta upfumi yakawedzera mugove zvokuimba okugadzira uremu.

Gumi okupedzisira ezana

Muna 1950-ies. Saratov uye namaguta akanga akapoteredza mave wandei makuru-pamwero emakambani ari makemikari indasitiri. Kuva mafuta uye simba yakaoma, kusanganisira negasi, mafuta shale, mafuta uye nokupisa simba indasitiri. City akakwezva zvakawanda uye zvikuru vanokwanisa zvikuru unyanzvi nesayenzi-unyanzvi profile.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, yoku- zvishandiso, michina uye zvirimwa kuti pagadzirwe Electronics. Panguva imwe chete, kuti remunharaunda centre aiva mumwe fronts yemhandara Ivhu Upturned ari inowanzorimwa dziri RSFSR uye Kazakhstan.

Muna 1970-ies. muna Saratov nharaunda akaberekwa uye nokukurumidza dzakabudirira reclamation yakaoma. Akavaka kudiridza canal hurongwa, uyewo mamwe chokuita kwezvivako. Saratov nhasi inoramba rimwe remaguta makurusa muna Volga mudunhu. Pamwechete Satellite guta Shona, anoumba munhu agglomeration rine vanhu vanhu miriyoni imwe.