Maitiro zvirongwa. Nhoroondo yevanhu-kombiyuta nhaurirano, budiriro

Kutaurirana makombiyuta ano hazvibviri pasina kushandisa zvirongwa mutauro unokosha. Sezvo kuberekwa rokutanga makombiyuta , pane zvizvarwa mashanu mitauro gadziriro, rakagadzirirwa kwevanhu-kombiyuta nhaurirano. Pakutanga kwaiva assembler zvayo yepakutanga chimiro. Ari kure '50s, akashanda panheyo kushandisa chimwe mutsetse mumwe chete mashoko.

To vomutsiva mukutanga '60s vakasvika rokufananidzira assembler. Its yaiva pamberi pfungwa shanduka. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye gungano ichi inogona kunzi ine dzakazara zvirongwa mutauro. With chitarisiko chake chakawedzera kumhanya kukura, asi kuvandudza zvikuru kuvimbika software. Uyewo mune zvakafanana kuva scripting zvirongwa mutauro kuti anomhanya batch mangé muoti.

Pakazosvika pakati gumi, paiva rechitatu-chizvarwa zvirongwa mitauro. Maiva mitauro mukuru-azvipire nokudenga. With budiriro yavo kare muna 60s paiva chaiyo mukana aite mabasa akasiyana munzvimbo. Third-chizvarwa mitauro huri nyore, pasinei kombiyuta sarudzo uye akava nomukana wokushanda simba nemarongerwo. With zvavo pakuonekwa programmer basa zvava hunobudirira. Kunyange nhasi, chizvarwa chechitatu zvirongwa mitauro dziri mukana chishandiso kukura-siyana mafomu.

Muna 70-ies akatanga rudzi zvirongwa chechina mitauro. Uchibatsirwa kwavo, pane vasinganyatsooni mikuru zvirongwa, wakawedzera kuvimbika, uye anowedzera kumhanya chikumbiro kukura. chinhu yavo ndiyo dzidziso pamusoro zvimwe mafomu, zviri kutama kubva yose sezvakaita mukana kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo ari kuvandudza maitiro.

Chizvarwa rechishanu mapurogiramu mitauro akaonekwa 90s. Vanopinda muchikwata che dzichipfekeka Extensions inopiwa hwandaiva User hurongwa. Uchibatsirwa wavo, kunyange kubva kure zvirongwa munhu anokwanisa kusika mukuru-waivako zvikumbiro. With rechishanu chizvarwa mapurogiramu kumba rini vose.

The kupatsanura mitauro, pane boka kuti anoshandisa Maitiro zvirongwa sechinhu inokosha. Pfungwa iyi chinoratidza kombiyuta mapurani, rinonzi Neumann. Paainyorera purogiramu murayiro kutevedzana rinoshandiswa mumutauro Maitiro, iyo inorondedzera ane algorithm kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.

Maitiro zvirongwa sezvo akaomeswa kunoratidza mukana kushandiswa okurangaridza date okuchengetera. In zvirongwa izvi mhando, tatarisana basa murayiro, unogona kutsanangura uye kushandura ndangariro. Content kutendeuka rinoitwa munyika kombiyuta ndangariro somugumisiro kuchinja kusvika kwokutanga mamiriro zvichiguma.

Maitiro zvirongwa rave kushandiswa mumitauro akadai Fortran, yakabuda mukutanga '50s rokusika zvirongwa kuti matambudziko mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu; Cobol (60s) - processing yakawanda mashoko pamusoro vatakuri siyana; Algol - mazhinji multi-kushandiswa mutauro. Last chinozikamwa kuvapo "chinogumbura mamiriro" uye "simba yavaive".

Maitiro zvirongwa haina vadarika uye beginners. Muna 60-ies akatanga anozivikanwa Basic. Its nyore uye pakawanda akabvumira mutauro kupararira nokukurumidza kukuru, kuhwinha vazhinji admirers pagore.

Over-mapiyona mitauro kunoteverwa akawandisa vaturikiri siyana. Language PL-1, Pascal (Pascal), ADA, SI akaramba pakukura nheyo Maitiro zvirongwa.