Strategic bhomba Tu-95: zvinhu uye pikicha

The TU-95 - kumberi bhomba, riri pamusoro Russian zvombo. Chinonzi inokosha chombo kuti turboprop-vachiwana. Nhasi mumwe uchitsanya Ndege munyika. The American codification anonzi "The Bear". Ndicho wokupedzisira Russian turboprop ndege, vakagamuchirwa mune vakawanda kugadzirwa. Panguva iyoyo ine zvakawanda okunatsiridza.

History of kuvakwa

Bhomba bhomba TU-95 ayo yepakutanga muchimiro ndiye akasika Andrei Tupolev muna 1949. Development vakanga inobva 85-fung muenzaniso ndege. Muna 1950, zvematongerwo mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza USSR akabvunza pakarepo zvine urongwa inopfumisa. Ichi chaiva chikonzero kwezvisikwa itsva yepamusoro zvinoita zvokukandwa dzakakwirira-nokukurumidza uye achifambisa unhu. Chinangwa pakukura yaiva kuzadzisa kufadza chikuva pfupi zvichibvira nguva.

Muzhizha ra1951 basa racho inotungamirirwa N. Bazenkov, asi nokukurumidza akanga yakatsiviwa S. Eger. Ndiyo "Bear" anonzi kuva baba wokupedzisira. Nechekare panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kuswedera bhomba TU-95 kushamiswa ukuru hwaro uye simba. remuti kwokunyepedzera-up yakanga kunyange vakaungana uwane mharidzo nechirongwa.

Muna October 1951, TU-95 pakupedzisira kubvumirwa kuti kugadzirwa. kumumvuri kukura kwakaitika mishoma. Zvakange chete muna September 1952, ndege hwakapiwa Zhukovsky Banga. Factory nemiedzo havasi refu kuuya. Testing ndiko kubudirira, saka Papera mwedzi, kwakasarudzwa kuti asingapindiri pazuva rokutanga bhomba mharidzo. Miedzo akaramba kwerinenge gore. Somugumisiro, ndege Simulator panguva mutyairi kunoratidzwa nhamba nezvinetso zvakakomba. Test akakundikana motokari rechitatu. gearbox Its yakaparadzwa nomoto pashure pemwedzi miviri chete pashure pakatanga bvunzo. Nokudaro, mainjiniya kusarudza kururamisa zvikanganiso kuti mwero izvi zvinogona kunze ari chaiwo kutiza. Pakupera 1953 pamusana nezvinetso zvakafanana akafa 11 murume rikarira, kusanganisira mukuru.

musikana ndege

The itsva kumumvuri bhomba akapinda yendege February 1955. Zvadaro, mumwe bvunzo mutyairi akagadzwa M. Nyuhtikov. Ndiye wakaita ndege yokutanga pamusoro kumumvuri itsva. Miedzo apera pashure chete pagore. Panguva ino, iyo inokosha bhomba Tu-95 bhomba nendege inenge 70 ndege.

Muna 1956, ndege akatanga kusvika panhandare yendege Uzyn ndisa. Bhomba mazuvaano zvakatanga kupera 1950. Production uye haasaruri gungano TU-95 vaiita Kuibyshevsky fekitari ndege. Zvakanga ikoko kokutanga kwakanga zvakasiyana chombo zvenyukireya warheads. Zvishoma nezvishoma, 95th muenzaniso rakavakwazve pasi ose zvinodiwa nemauto: ubanguranyika, kubhomba zvinangwa kure, mutakurwi mabasa, mhepo rabhoritari, etc ...

Pari, uremu kweShanduro TU-95 chando. Zvisinei, basa racho vachiri rinotsigirwa Air Force uye zviremera Russian.

patani Features

Chombo ane zvionera zvakananga ano wedzerai marongedzero muchidziisa mapapiro, keel uye stabilizer screws. Injini ine biaxial chipande seti AB-60K. Cargo mupanda iri mu pakati fuselage pedyo launcher, kuti zviri wakaiswa matanhatu rwendo zvombo. Pane mukana maererano yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwa kuti kumisa.

Russian Tu-95 chiri mhepo motokari pamwe tricycle kumhara giya. On mumwe rwemberi vhiri ane yayo akamedura hurongwa. Kana kutora kubvisa rutsigiro retracted ari fuselage uye bapiro-nacelle. The pamberi peya kwemavhiri riri nepokuongorora hydraulic maitiro, uye neshure - magetsi zvigadziriswe ane nevakawanda simba kusvika 5200 watts or. Emergency zvinovhura chassis zvinogoneka chete nokubatsira munhu winch.

The pressurized kabhini chinhu rakarira. In pakaita ejection zvigaro disengaged kubva ndege kuburikidza chaiyo tsotsonya, riri kumusoro mberi kumhara giya. Sezvo zvikorekedzo maoko vachishandisa conveyor bhandi. Ejection kubva rwemberi bhomba inopiwa kuburikidza resettable tsotsonya.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chombo iri akashongedzerwa chaizvo upenyu igwa kana njodzi ikaitika kumhara pamusoro mvura.

injini Magadzirirwo

Turboprop Tu-95 ari pakati pavatatu simba kupfuura guru-kabhini ndege munyika. mugumisiro Izvi zvinoitwa nemhaka injini TC-12, ine mukuru-Kushanda turbine 14 uye compressor rwakazara. Kuchinja parameters, kwegadziriro yokunzvenga mhepo mavharuvhu. Kana ichi turbine kunyatsoshanda kuti SC-12 rinosvika anenge 35%. Ichi chinoratidza pakati turboprop Ndege chinyorwa.

Kuti zviite kuchinja kubva injini chinotsva romugove inovakwa mune rimwe nechigumbuso. Power NK-12 anenge 15 zvemakore. a. Panyaya iyi, huru vanofungidzirwa pa 12 zviuru. KG. With zvizere mafuta mupanda ndege inogona kubhururuka maawa 2500 (anenge 105 mazuva). Motor uremu ndiyo matani 3.5. Kureba NK-12 chinomiririra 5-mita chikwata.

Zvakaipira iri kwayo yakakwirira injini ruzha. To musi, ichi ndicho loudest ndege munyika. Kukwanisa kwaro kuziva kunyange Rokushandira kugadzwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Ukuwo, kana wavanozvisunga yenyukireya haisi nyaya yakaoma.

Zvimwewo Unhu chombo ndiko kupa 5.6-mita screws. Uyewo chaikoshawo Anti-icing at nyika mashizha. Inguva electrothermal installation. Chinotsva iri akapa kuti injini uye fuselage yacho caisson matangi. Uchishandisa vakarongeka uye nani gadziriro HPT screws saka "akaomarara" inokosha ndege ndege siyana hama kuti chinhu kunonzi nguva Tu-95.

Features chombo

The ndege chinogona kutakura 9 nhengo rakarira. Nokuda chaizvo kushanda bhomba pakureba anofanira 46,2 mamita. Kuvandudzwa uyu bapiro anenge 50 m. Dimensions inokosha chombo here rova maonero. mumwe chete nzvimbo bapiro zvinotora kusvika 290 sq. m.

Misa TU-95 vanofungidzirwa panguva matani 83,1. Zvisinei, pamwe zvizere kurema tangi ichiwedzerwa kusvika 120 zviuru. KG. Uye pasi mutoro uremu kunonyanyisa kukasapfuura matani 170. Rated simba pamusoro propulsion hurongwa - vanenge zviuru 40 KW ..

Nokuda NK-12 bhomba inokwanisa aimhanya anosvika 890 km / h. The inofamba iri kungogumira autopilot 750 km / h. In tsika, kuwanda chombo ndege anenge 12 zviuru. Km. nokusimudza siringi zvinosiyana kusvika 11.8? km. For yasimuka zvaida remauto 2.3 zviuru mamita.

chombo bhomba

The ndege anokwanisa kusimudza mumhepo matani 12 zvombo. Akaisa mabhomba ari fuselage mupanda. Akabvumira uye svobodnopadayuschih yenyukireya zvombo zvachose uremu matani 9.

Tu-95 dzinonzi ane evasingatombonamati kuzvidzivirira zvombo. It rine 23-millimeter kanoni. In okunatsiridza dzakawanda akagadzawo aiwanzopiwa wokushanda AM-23 pasi, pamusoro uye aft zvikamu ndege. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki Muzviitiko pane ndege pfuti gs-23.

Kana kugadzwa yepasi pemvura AM-23 vakapakata inokosha otomatiki gasi dzokubudisa hurongwa. Pfuti wanamatira tsime uye damper anotungamirira bhokisi muviri. Bhaudhi mune zvose nguva, murwere achikanganisa. Nokuti simba chengetedzo uye kuderedza matambudziko kubva rwemberi pfuti uchishandisa inokosha mhepo chikwata kuchaja.

Zvinofadza AM-23 kureba anenge 1.5 metres. Uremu pfuti akadaro makirogiramu 43. kupfura havukavu - kusvika kwepfuti 20 pasekondi yoga yoga.

uchishandisa matambudziko

Kukura chombo vakatanga nezvinetso kuti munhu. Mumwe mukuru payakaipira aiva kabhini. Pakutanga Tu-95 akanga havaratidzi kujairana kuti kumberi ndege. Nokuda dzamira zvigaro zviri vashandi kazhinji shure ached, makumbo ake bindira. Chimbuzi uye zvose zviri kwakajairika inotakurika tangi ane commode. Uyezve, kwakanga yakaoma kwazvo uye inopisa muna kabhini, mhepo yakanga akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya mafuta guruva. Somugumisiro, vashandi vemo akaramba Flights prodelyvat refu vari ndege saka kugadzirira.

Ataurazve vaiva nedambudziko mafuta maitiro uye injini. In yechando, musanganiswa akanga thickened chicherwa kuti zvakananga zvakakanganisa sikuruwa nokukurumidza. In kwokutanga matanho kutanga injini vakanga zvakafadza turbine Pachine. The mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja pakabudiswa pamwero mukuru kugadzirwa mafuta anokosha injini.

Wokutanga Chikumbiro

Tu-95 yakatanga makwapa panhandare yendege Kyiv mudunhu mukupera 1955. Somugumisiro, okunatsiridza inoverengeka chepakutanga uye wevashumiri 409 TBAP. Gore rakatevera, yakaumbwa mumwe weboka hondo, iyo vakaonawo nzvimbo mana TU-95. Kwenguva refu, zvinoita zvokukandwa vatakuri vakanga vakabata chete Ukrainian Soviet Air Force. Zvisinei, sezvo mukupera Kuma1960. TU-95 ayo okunatsiridza akapedza hangars zvechiuto munharaunda vemazuva Russia.

Kuumbika regiments akapoteredza Ndege vakanga vanyatsoona kwevashandi ari inokosha NATO mauto kumaodzanyemba Asia, uyewo China. Planes taigara pasi vakamuka. Nokukurumidza, US zviremera kuona kuwanda ngozi yakadaro kubva kuhondo nesimba nezvigadziko zvadzo uye nedzenyu noushamwari vave zvakabatana. Somugumisiro, Soviet Union aifanira yokubudisa dzakawanda chombo pamusoro munharaunda yayo.

Kubvira muna 1960-ies. TU-95 uye ipapo akaona pamusoro kweArctic, kuIndian Ocean, yeAtlantic mapazi uye Britain. Kakawanda kuti zviito munyika dzakadaro vakaita rinopikisa, tichigogodza chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. Zvisinei, mukuru mukuru nyaya dzakadaro hapana zvinyorwa zvakanga zvisati zvaitwa.

Application manjemanje

Muchirimo 2007, Russian chombo kakawanda kwakacherechedzwa kubva mhepo kuti uto muviri of British Army. Zviitiko zvakafanana kwakaitika muna Gulf Clyde uye Hebrides. Zvisinei, nguva imwe neimwe kwemaminitsi mashomanana mudenga pakazvimba British varwi uye akatyisidzira muuraye Akaperekedzwa TU-95 mhiri nemiganhu yayo.

Kubva 2007 kusvika 2008, chombo vatakuri kuonekwa pamusoro pezvingoro zvechiuto uye vatakuri ndege NATO. Panguva iyi, kwaiva nomumwe kuwa bhomba TU-95. Official tsanangudzo vave akashuma zvinokonzera tsaona.

Nhasi "Bears" mberi kwayo pose njere mabasa.

ikatsva

Maererano nenhamba, mumwe 2 years pane chikuru tsaona bhomba TU-95. Pamwe panguva oparesheni yakadonha 31 chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. Kuwanda akafa vanhu 208.

Chinonyanya achangopfuura tsaona Tu-95 kwakaitika muna July 2015. Njodzi chakaitika ndege nadzurudzo. Chikuru Chikonzero pokuwa nyanzvi vanodana mamiriro yechinyakare zvokunyama chikwata.

Accident bhomba Tu-95 MS yakauraya upenyu nhengo mbiri rakarira. Kwokuputsika chakaitika pedyo Khabarovsk. Somugumisiro, panguva chombo kutiza pakarepo akaramba injini zvose.

vakabata

TU-95 pakuenzanisa putkiston osat USSR kusvikira Soviet Union yakaparara muna 1991. Panguva iyoyo, basa guru rakanga basa muUkraine - vanenge 25 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Vose vaiva chikamu unokosha inorema hondo muna Uzin. Muna 1998, pechingoro akanga havasisipo. Zvakaguma Kudzimwa kwechikwereti ndege uye kuparadzwa kwavo. Chikamu Ndege akanga dzikwanise dzokutengesa nemarori.

Muna 2000, Ukraine mumaoko yasara Russian TU-95 nokuda mutsividzo evoruzhinji chikwereti. Yaipedzerwa muripo rakanga anenge $ mamiriyoni 285. Muna 2002, 5 TU-95 chakagadziridzwa kuti multi-dzichipfekeka rinorema ndege.

Kusvika panguva Russian chombo rine Ngarava dzepasi pemvura anenge 30. Imwe 60 inokwana zviyero vari okuchengetera.

okunatsiridza Major

The inonyanya kushanduka ndiyo yepakutanga TU-95 MS. ndege ino akatakura rwendo KH-55 zvombo. To musi, vanoramba zvikuru pakati vamwe kubva 95th womuenzaniso.

Rinotevera zvikuru nevanhu kunoonekwa sechinhu nadzurudzo of Tu-95 A. Zviri inokosha yepasi pemvura zvenyukireya mabasa. Mupepa anokosha nezvikamu kuchengeta radiological warheads. Uyewo kucherechedza Kurovedza shanduro tsamba "U" uye "CS".

Tikaenzanisa nezvavatorwa analogues

Most anofungidzirwa kuti nokurondedzerwa of TU-95 vari American bhomba B-36J uye B-25H. The aizviti nouremu hapana musiyano inokosha. Zvisinei, kuRussia chombo nezvechinhu chimwe zvikuru avhareji kumhanya: 830 km / h maringe 700 km / h. Uyewo, TU-95 chikuru zvikuru rwisana nharaunda uye siyana. Ukuwo, US analogues mazano sirin'i pamusoro vanenge 20% uye zvakawanda wakapamhama zvinhu Bay (matani 7-8). Traction Motors anenge akaenzana.