Tambo opareta muna Pascal - tambo

Zvirongwa kunoramba chokuita basa navamwe data, zvakadai hungiso. Tambo opareta chinorondedzerwa zvakafanana mumitauro yakawanda, kusanganisira Pascal: tambo. Asi Pascal ine maitiro ayo uye zvivako kuti unofanira kuziva usati watanga.

Ndechipi tambo iri Pascal?

Tisati kubata nemarongerwo tambo Data mhando muna Pascal, zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti tambo anogona kuva. Kutaura zvazviri, mune Pascal tambo - inofa vatambi, nomumwe zvinogona chero chinhu pamusoro ASCII-tafura. Kureva, chero tsamba, nhamba, nyora mucherechedzo kana nzvimbo inogona kushandiswa senzvimbo chiriporipocho.

The kunonyanyisa nhamba pazvinhu imwe mutsetse uri 255 zviyero, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo anogamuchira runoenzanirana Serial nhamba. Naizvozvo, kana uchida kunyora hombe rugwaro ari shanduka, unofanira pave siyana tambo. Pascal nemazvo dzinoona chikumbiro, uye iwe unogona kuponesa zvakati rebei chinyorwa Data.

Tambo date mhando

Pamusoro mutsetse uri anokonzera kuti mhando String. Pascal anobvumira programmer kuti kutaridzwa nhamba chaiyo kutaurwa kana kusiya pamusoro default pakureba - iyi, uchava akaenzana 255. Kuti ndizivise tambo shanduka, uchinyora chete nenharo, kunofanira kuteverwa muura kuti tsanangurai rimwe guru -: tambo uye, kana zvakakodzera, mune mativi mumabhuraketi kunyoresa urefu mutsetse. The muenzaniso pazasi kunopiwa tambo "S.", 10 vatambi refu:

hadde p: tambo [10].

The Pascal tambo bumbiro purogiramu inogona kuisa chero ukoshi - zvakakodzera chete komberedza nawo chete prices.

tambo akavhiyiwa

Zvichienderana mutauro, uye akatsunga nenhamba kwema, izvo zvinogona kumhanya tambo. Pascal anobvumira Kuenzanisa uye kubatanidzwa nomumwe tambo Data.

Kubatanidza mashandiro (nemamwe mazwi ane concatenation kana batira) rinoitwa chokubatanidza akawanda mitsara kupinda chimwe. Zvinonzi chinozoiswa nokuwedzera chiratidzo "+". Inogona kushandiswa kuvaka chete musara zvinosanganisira munhevedzano mashoko, constants uye variables.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti tichibatanidza mashoko ari mutongo nokuda concatenating misara musiyano pakati nechimwe chine maatomu akafanana zvichabviswa kusiyiwa. Saka, kuda kuwana zvakanaka akavaka mamiriro vanofanira ururamiswe nzvimbo anoratidza zvakajeka pamberi pakakoromoka nokuwedzera nenzvimbo hunhu, yakadai se: "."

Chimwe kuvhiyiwa podderzhvaet muna Pascal, - tambo enzanisa kana kuenzanisa une hungiso. Nokuti anoshandisawo nyore kwemasvomhu zviratidzo:

• kuenzana (=);
• Over / Under (> uye <);
• Kusaruramisira (<>);
• uye kupfuura kana akaenzana uye zvishoma pane kana kuenzana (> = uye <=).

Mubayiro hukama dzaishandisa vachadzokera munhu Boolean kukosha kwechokwadi kana nhema.

Tikaenzanisa rinoitwa hunhu nokuda hunhu tambo, uye kana mugumisiro kusiyana rokutanga akatsunga maererano tafura yeEncoding. Saka, kana yokuzvifungidzira ndoupi mukuru, mafungiro apo pachava akasiyana vatambi, bumbiro kuenzanisa chichaitwa inotevera tafura, uye kwakavakirwa ahwo, uye achazviisa ne mhinduro kuti oparesheni anodzoka.

Basa tambo variables

Kungofanana mutauro zvirongwa, Pascal pane nhamba mitambo izvo tambo inogona kushandiswa. Pascal unokubvumira kutevedzera chimwe chikamu shanduka, chokubatanidza hungiso akawanda kune mumwe, kuwana substring, overenga kureba kwayo. Izvi zvinoitwa kushandisa zvinotevera 4 mabasa:

• Nokuti kungatonziwo of mutsetse anoenderana Copy ushande. Rine parameters matatu - tambo kana shanduka zita, vanotanga chinzvimbo uye uwandu mabhii kuti unoda kutevedzera:

Copy (S, poz, n) - iri S - tambo shanduka, uye poz uye N - imwe integer.

• Kuwedzera tambo concatenation, uchishandisa chiratidzo "+", kuti nokushanda yamunenge nzira nokushandisa Concat ushande. Sezvo ayo nharo vaishandisa mitsetse zvose uye dzokufananidzira mashoko zvinofanira kubatanidzwa:

Concat (S1, S2 ...).

• Rinowanzoshandiswa Pascal basa iri Length. Unogona kurishandisa kuverenga urefu tambo - kureva, kuziva uwandu vatambi mairi. The chete nharo nokuti ndiko tambo pachayo - the goho inodzidzisa achagamuchira chinhu integer ukoshi:

Length (s).

• Uye vokupedzisira mashandiro ari Pascal ari kutsvaga pakutanga substring - Pos. It anodzoka uwandu mabhii umo kutanga runodiwa substring, uye kana kwayo asipo, kunokonzerwa ari 0:

Pos (subS, S).

Kurapwa mitsara iri Pascal

Standard nzira yaishandiswa Pascal, vaviri chete. Wokutanga unokubvumira kubvisa imwe substring, uye wechipiri - kuti pinza kupinda munhevedzano tambo.

Saka, Delete nzira deletes Napamusara vakasarudzwa, pamwe akati chinzvimbo ane substring womumwe nhamba zviratidzo. Mumwe nomumwe parameters izvi ndiwo nharo hwokushanda:

Kudzima (S, poz, n) .

Uye pinza kutevedzana kwezviitiko vatambi vari tambo, unogona kushandisa Insert. The nzira ine basa parameters matatu - the substring, tambo, uye nzvimbo umo muwedzero chakagadzirwa kutaurwa:

Pinza (subS, S, poz) .

Changing rudzi date mitsetse

Kana tichiita mabasa kakawanda kuchinja mhando variables. Somuenzaniso, sei kutendeutsa tambo kuti integer. Pascal haabvumiri kuwedzera nhamba akanyorwa panhurikidzwa saka, nokuti uwandu basa, vanofanira kuchinja mhando. Nokuti ichi pane chinokosha maitirwo ezvinhu:

• Kutendeutsa tambo kuti integer muna Pascal kushandisa nzira StrToInt. The zvichiguma integer ukoshi anogona kunyorwa sezvinoitwa shanduka, uye kuita kwemasvomhu mashandiro naro.
• Kana zvakafanira kuti kuwana zvinoyangarara pfungwa kubva akapiwa tambo akashandisa StrToFloat nzira. Uyewo integer, mugumisiro wayo Implementation zvingashandiswa pakarepo.

• Kuita neizvi kushanda - exchange nhamba kuti imwe tambo - unofanira kushandisa FloatToStr nzira kuti kuyangarara-pfungwa uye integer netsika kuti IntToStr.
• Imwe nzira kuchinja mhando ndiyo kushandiswa anokosha nzira, iyo havafaniri kuziva kutanga kana magumo date mhando, - Str uye Val. First unobereka shanduro nhamba kuti tambo uye ane somunhu nharo tsika mbiri - mbeu uye shanduka zita mutsara. Yechipiri anoita neizvi ichishanda, uye ane rimwe parameter zvakawanda - kuwedzera Numeric uye tambo tsika dziri nzira yakapiwa remitemo kukuudzai kutendeuka kururama. Somuenzaniso, kuedza kunyora fractional nhamba kuti imwe integer shanduka, bumbiro remitemo tigokuzivisai nhamba vatambi, umo makanga akundikana, uye kana zvakanaka kusanduka, mutengo wayo ndiye 0.