Tanera pasi Amur Khabarovsk

Amur River Tunnel, ine pikicha munyaya ino - Khabarovsk muchivande muchiuto uye vehurumende kuvakwa. zvachiri nevamwe. Mugero wacho - chete kwakadaro pemvura chinhu pamusoro munharaunda Russia. Strategic kuvaka simba uye harina vakaedza. Uye mugero rinoshandiswa mazuva ano chinangwa chokuunza runyararo.

prehistory

Urongwa pakuvaka kuchiteshi chokufambisa zvivako akazviratidza pakutanga ramakumi remakore. Mugero ichavakirwa pasi Cupid. Muna 1906, kuyerwa uye ongororo dzakati kuti dzakaitwa. Pachishandiswa pazvidzidzo izvi paiva pemvura tanera mapurojekiti, uye zambuko pamusoro rwizi.

Fungidziro mufanidzo chaipiwa panguva kwemasimba pakati Amur muna Khabarovsk Territory. The chiitiko chakatsaurirwa kuna wazvakaitika of Romanovs - the tercentenary. On the fungidziro mufanidzo ichifananidzwa chitima nzira anoita epasi pemvura. Asi kuvakwa chirongwa zvakazoonekwa kuti kusarudzwa bhiriji mhiri Amur River sendarama akakodzera.

classifying zvivako

In 1930. kuFar East akatanga chikuru chokuvaka. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nokuwedzera aibuda nhumbi TRANSSIB. Railway, iyo yakavakwa muna 19-20 emakore., Yaizivikanwa kuwedzerwa mazuva okubhadhara. Uye muna April 1920 zambuko zvaiva vakanga Varidza vachitidzidzisa partisans nokuda intercepting nzira Japanese. Trans-Siberian Railway rakatyoka kwemakore mashanu. East Far akagurwa akabviswa kuSiberia uye Russia. A njanji mutsetse ichipfuura muManchuria.

Naizvozvo, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka mugero pasi Amur River sezvo zambuko yakanga pangozi chaizvo nokuda kweuto pangozi kubva kuJapan. Remangwana pemvura kuvakwa pakarepo yakatorwa semhosva uye akagamuchira No. 4 vanhu Commissariat. Saka, nyaya iyi yagara kuzivikanwa.

Kugadzirira kuvaka

Pamberi kuvakwa ane Undersea kumugero Khabarovsk akasiya spetsekspeditsiya kubva "Soyuztransproekta". The pamazita vanotsvakurudza yaisanganisira nyanzvi "Metroproekta" uye Military Academy ainzi pashure Kuibyshev. kuvakwa nharaunda yaiva yokutanga richikurukura geodetic pfungwa. muchiso uyu simbi iri kongiri monoliths.

Works akaita matatu akazvimirira brigades. Kana mumwe wavo paiva zvarakasiya kubva urongwa, asi padzimwe zvakaitwa, zvose dzakaguma vaiongorora matatu. Ipapo zvinotevera nyanzvi - vaiongorora, kushanda pamusoro pemvura. Uye pemvura mugero akabatana dzakaiswa, akasungirirwa mavanga.

basa rose rakanga raitwa nokukurumidza - mumwedzi mishanu chete. Panguva kufarirwa nzira 9 dzakasiyana vaionekwa. Mubasa akagadzira uye academician Vedeneev Institute "Metroproekt". Pakupedzisira kutenderwa shanduro, kufungisisa okuchengetedza Anti-ndege. Kuvakwa yaifanira kuvakwa hafu kiromita kubva zambuko. Railway tanera pasi Amur akanga pakupedzisira mvumo Khabarovsk muna March 1938

Tanga kuvaka zvakavanzika Zvivako

Maererano wehurumende, kuvaka zvivako pakavanda akatanga muna 1937, kwave kuchinzi "chinhu nhamba 4". Nepo kazhinji basa rakatanga pasina mukuru bhajeti uye kukura TEHPROEKT. Uye kuvakwa mugero ndozvakaitikawo. Technical purojekiti uye vakawanda vanofungidzira vakatumirwa nzvimbo gare gare - muna May 1939 kuvaka imwe Undersea tanera kunge vakapedza mamiriyoni 294.5 rubles. Pakuvaka akaronga kuti basa pakupera 1939

Ndiani mubasa rokuvaka?

Muna 1937 akatanga tunneling. It akaita zvakasiyana kuvakwa makambani gumi. Vakanga vachibatanidzwawo mubasa basa uye uto ouinjiniya dzakabatana. Amur River Tunnel yakavakwa pasi utungamiriri People wacho commissar pakati Railways of Soviet Union L. M. Kaganovicha. Mhosva chinhu nhamba 4 akagadzwa NA Ermolaev. Iyewo akava mukuru injiniya. Yermolaev akatarisira zvose rokuvaka kusvikira apera.

Installation zvevhu zvivako uye basa muzvirongwa marara njanji mauto. Nokuti kuvakwa mugero panyaya dzakanga seconded Metrostroi 900 vashandi pamwe chikuru Profile basa. vanachiremba Chief vakagadzwa I. D. Gotsiridze. Akabatsira kuvaka mugero sevhiriyeni venguva. In basa mutorongo basa. In yose, muchirongwa nokuumba mugero vanhu 5.500 pagore.

Hunde dzacho uye gasket chikuru akabatana

Tisati wakatanga kuvaka njanji mugero pasi rwizi Amur, zvina miseve okutanga dzakaiswa. Navo pasi muvhu yakabereka mapuranga - kune akagadzira pamwero. Mumwe fenzi iri panenge pachivakwa zvikwata kukoshesa matatu. Vakaita lining huru akabatana ari pasi pemvura zvivako, kufunga pamusoro magadzirirwo pfungwa.

Zvakakurukurwa kuvakwa kupinda

Kupinda akanga kunzwisisa, waida yakakwirira nemazvo. The pemvura tanera haasi anotevedzana kubva kumahombekombe kusvika kumahombekombe, nenzira yakarurama mutsetse uye munyonga, zvakaoma kunyange vertically. Akabatana haagoni kuva zvakafanana hapana masendimita anopfuura mashanu. Greater yakatsauka kubva ndozvakajairwa haabvumirwi. Uye nemhaka kumeso uye yakarurama basa nyanzvi, imwe pemvura tanera pasi Amur akanga sboyka anopfuura gumi millimeters.

tunneling kuvaka yakanga kuoma ndechokuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo mugero zvakaipisisa nemafashamo. Asi, pasinei ichi, mwero elongation mumakomba akaenzana anenge mashanu mamita daily. Nokuti nguva idzodzo, prices izvi zvave kusingaenzaniswi kunyika yose. In kupikidura ichi chakaitwa nhoo dzisiri michini. Paivakwa kunze yakanga yaitwa kunze anenge mamiriyoni 1,5 cubic metres ivhu uye pumped 137,6 zviuru cubic metres nekongiri.

Changing nguva kuvakwa

Muna June 1941, ungano yose mugero yakapera. Mumazuva iwayo asati okuguma mabasa hunodiwa kweinenge mumwe mwedzi mitanhatu. Asi panhau yakagamuchira teregiramu kubva State Defense Committee uye chasainwa Stalin. Shoko yaiva kuti kurega chitima kuburikidza pasi pemvura kumugero pfupi zvichibvira nguva. Mabasa vave nokukurumidza kusvika pokupedzisira. Pakupedzisira rwemichinjiko namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, uyewo duku kuwana mugwagwa. The kutsigisa igwa kushanda otsypali 8.000 cubic metres muturunhuru. Uye mukuru nzira rakagadzirirwa. Mugero wacho pasi Amur muna Khabarovsk akanga agadzirira kuenda.

Huro mugero kuti ishande

Stalin nguva kwakaratidzwa kunyanya pashure kuvakwa rakanga kupinda kushanda - 20/06/1941, vavaki vaifanira akati kuburikidza pasi pemvura tanera, musi akaenda chikamu chokutanga, umo maiva vashandi uye mabhosi. Dzidzisai mutyairi akamhanya V. Vozheyko.

25/04/1942 The Commission of Government kuti mugero waipinda kushanda nguva dzose. Panyaya iyi, vatariri vakafunga chivakwa zvakanaka, uye basa vaiongorora - kwazvo. Kureba mugero pasi Amur aiva 7198 mamita. Nokuti kuipa oparesheni, rakanga nepokuongorora kudziyisa, kufefetedza uye okuvimba enyika. Zvakajeka kuisa kupomba mvura mechidziro yokuzivisa aramu.

Kurutivi rwamabvazuva chake, pane vatatu vakaitwa rakazaruka nzira munzvimbo 1350 mamita pakureba. The yomukati dhayamita pamusoro pemvura chikamu mugero ndiyo 7400 mm. chikamu East sechivako riri mukati Khabarovsk West - pedyo yemapurisa post-Pokrovskiy.

Pakazosvika mugero rakanga rakavakwa ufanane zvemberi uto ruzivo. The kuvakwa raiva guru kumucheto yakachengeteka. Rine 7 mhepo kutonhodza vent. Mumwe riri pachitsuwa, uye vakasara - vose pamahombekombe Amur River. Naizvozvo, mugero wacho akaramba kwemakumi emakore. Uye ari kushanda saka kure.

The Great Patriotic War

Panguva Second World War Masuo ose uye anosvika kuna pemvura mugero nokungwarira kurindwa. Kuti izvi zvakatangwa, kuwedzera kune motokari, uye mabhatiri Anti ndege. Mumwe wavo ari pamahombekombe Mad ducts. Fighter Lelikov bhatiri akazoudza kuti zvakanga kubva romukova shoko pamusoro zvisingazivikanwi ndege, yakanga vakananga kurutivi zambuko. Akaridza aramu, Anti-ndege bhatiri akanga pakarepo mhosva mhenyu zvombo.

Pashure pfupi ndege vakapinda maonero. Zvichida akanga achitarisira napo kuti mugero pasi Amur. First ndege yakawana ne vanoona. Asi mhepo Machine usati vasvika iripo moto "flak" muganhu kutsauka Manchukuo. Combat chombo akanga asunungurwa. Naizvozvo, pfuti Anti ndege yacho ipapo achiri mumwe salvo chakaitwa.

Subsea tanera mumakore ehondo

Kubva 1944 kusvika 1945, kunyanya zvifambiswe nomumugero nhumbi kwaiitirwa hondo Japan. Ipapo pasi pemvura njanji akanga chakatorwa nokuda kwemutemo vezvikwata zvechiuto uye mhando dzose pakufamba. Pakapera kurwisana kwacho, mugero wacho hwaponeswa sezvo pakavanda jeri. Railway tanera pasi Amur yakanga wairindwa nemasoja vakanga vakabata nembwa.

Kushandiswa mugero pashure pehondo

Kubvira muna 1960, U-njanji Raishandiswa chokufambisa kwenhumbi siyana, mukanyanyisa inogona Amur zambuko. Sezvo mugero ane nzira imwe chete, asi inofamba akanzi rimwe divi chete - kumavirira. Muna 1980 zvakanzi apedza magetsi pechiteshi mutsara Far Eastern Khabarovsk-Bireh. Zvadaro, simbi uye mutakurwi nezvitima afambe nomumugero, muna Vol. H. And Suburban.

Kumugero dzazvino

Munguva dzazvino kuchiteshi mugero pasi Amur vanoda zvikuru pakugadzira. The kuvakwa yave kushandiswa zvikuru kwemakore makumi mashanu. Mugero wacho ndiye rakasiyana chinhu kuti unoda kuponesa. Panguva kuvakwa chivako chaiva wakarebesa pasi pemvura njanji yose.

Pasinei nokuti mugero zvikuru zvafa vanosungirwa, chinhu chinoramba sezvo njodzi uye hwakavimbika sepakutanga. Railway motokari rinoitwa zvakanaka. Uye urema duku regai mukaputsa kuvimbika mugero. Muna 2009, vavakezve Amur zambuko yakaitwa. Kubvira ipapo, iye ane nzira mbiri.

Amur River Tunnel munguva kushanda refu akatanga hupere. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, paiva diki vhinza. zvangu mugodhi akatanga kuora. Munguva mugero nayo anounganidza zvakawanda marara uye kutsigisa igwa. Zvinoda kuchinja zvivako saizi. Zvino vavaki urongwa - kugadzirisa rakasiyana pasi pemvura mugero. Naizvozvo, rokuvakazve zvirongwa ndotodururwa kugadzirira. Chikuru gadziridzo kuchaitika nokukurumidza, iyo achagadzirisa zvinhu.