The dzinofambiswa Crane zvakasikwa: unhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

The Cranes - shiri, izvo rinoumbwa nziyo, nhetembo uye nevana nyaya. Ndivo makumbo marefu nerunako pamwe refu nhete muromo, vanonamata uye akabudiswa kurlykayuschie rinonzwika mudenga, zvose izvo pamwe ziso mudenga muchirimo ose uye kwematsutso. The kondo iri dzinofambiswa apo kuRussia kana chando ari dzekuchamhembe, zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino.

Cranes vavo mhando

mhuri Gruiformes nepashiri - mumwe mukuru Panyika. Ivo akazviratidza Nguva dinosaurs (anenge mamiriyoni 50-60 apfuura) kuAmerica, uko kutanga kugara Asia uye ipapo Africa nedzimwe makondinendi.

Cranes mhuri zvinosanganisira 15 marudzi, izvo 7 mhenyu uye dzinoberekera Russia, vazhinji vavo vari rwakaiswa panjodzi. Dzimwe dziri dzinotama uye tama pakatanga kutonhora mwaka, vamwe ndakagara. Vanotarisira kufanana, nekwavanogara uye chii kudya Cranes zvakasikwa - mibvunzo iyi dzinofarirwa zvose vanoda zvemhando uye dzakanaka neshiri.

pfumbu Cranes

Ichi chakanaka shiri huru (kusvika 125 masendimita kureba), zvose mugere inodziya mwedzi iri munharaunda Russia, Europe uye North Asia. Nzvimbo Cranes yakadaro siyana chaizvo uye regai kuvimba kwenzvimbo, asi ivo vanovakira matendere chete pamusoro marshland. MuRussia, ndiwo wetlands zviri floodplains, musango-inowanzorimwa uye inowanzorimwa munyika dzine - Lake nembiya uye Mafuro akafukidzwa nemvura uye tsanga.

In Western Europe ari Cranes kazhinji kugadzirisa duku doro pedyo nemuminda yezviyo uye pedyo kuvanhu. Shiri idzi ndidzo omnivorous, uye naizvozvo, chii kudya musoro Cranes, zvichienderana nemwaka. Muzhizha uye chitubu nguva, vodya mhuka duku, dzemugungwa, michero, matavi Marsh zvinomera, akasiyana-siyana tumbuyu vavo mazana. Mumatsutso Cranes kubhururuka pamusoro muminda, zvokudya tichiregeredza kurima (gorosi, bhari, pizi, uye chibage), kunhonga asara matapiri diki. Favorite kwematsutso dhishi - yakachena inomera yechando gorosi.

White Crane (Sterkh)

Siberian Crane - isingawanzowanikwi chaizvo rudzi pakati Cranes mhuri, akanyorwa muna Red muBhuku Russia. Anorarama uye dzinoita ari achinaya mvura munzvimbo yokuYakutia uye Tyumen nharaunda, uye muchando rinobhururukira kuna North Asia (China, India). Izvi chakarebesa chando shiri muromo Red, ayo kukura kusvika 140 cm mapapiro rinosvika 2.3 m.

The chena Crane unoadya kunoenderana panzvimbo yake yokugara, mune achinaya mvura kuti makungwa uye marshes anodya mhuka diki (lemmings, mbeva, voles), hove uye tumbuyu, hwemvura zvirimwa uye michero.

Dzimwe nguva Cranes chena angabira: kuba uye kudya mazai matsva uye kunyange kako vedzimwe shiri. Panguva chando muAsia vakadya tubers uye rhizomes ose hwemvura zvirimwa.

Dancing Japanese Crane

The yakaisvonaka shiri genus Cranes Japanese Crane, izvo kwemakore akawanda nhamba pangozi muna International Red Book. Njodzi nokuti shiri chokuita nzvimbo dzavo - marshes uye marshy mafuro muzvitsuwa Japanese, izvo pasi kuramba abudise vanhu nokuda kuvaka migwagwa uye misha. shiri idzi dzinowanikwa neapo muRussia uye munyika China.

Matatya, hove, invertebrates duku, tumbuyu zvakasiyana - ndizvozvo dzinofambiswa Crane ari doro. shiri Izvi kushoma chaizvo, uye unotya, uye saka zvakaoma chaizvo kuona.

Nechitarisiko chakanaka kwazvo Crane: minhenga yayo chena vari kutamira kumigumo mapapiro uye muswe dema, rima muromo, uye pamusoro - Red vaifamba Washington. Nokuti yaro nemasango runako vokuJapan funga shiri iyi chiratidzo tsika dzedu kuchikosha, rinosanganisa kufara uye makore akawanda oupenyu.

Kupfuura chinoshamisa uye dzakanaka neshiri ichi - wayo zvemashiripiti kutamba mambakwedza, apo Cranes kuti mvere kutamba unotii. Achiramba mapapiro makuru, shiri afa, zvino akasvetuka vachiteerera mimhanzi yake vachiridza mukati.

Demoiselle

Belladonna - duku kukura Crane munyika, chinosanganisira anosvika zviuru 200 vanhu munyika dzakasiyana (kunyika Central uye Eastern Asia, Mongolia, Russia) ..

Belladonna yakaderera kukura (kusvika 90 cm), mubhokisi chiedza wachena ruvara, uye musoro uye mutsipa - black. Seri Meso tufts minhenga chena, muromo - yellow, diki. The cornea iziso kujairika inopenya Orange ruvara.

Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi, belladonna kurarama akazaruka dzinodiwa pfupi uswa: steppes, Semi-mumarenje, nemapani. Ivo nokushingaira kuwanda uye mugogara zvakananga panyika arable pedyo mvura (nzizi, zviduku makungwa, grassroots nzvimbo).

Kuwedzera nerubatsiro minda yezviyo (nzeve kudya zvachose), madzvinyu uye tumbuyu, mazai nezvimwe shiri nesting - ndizvo anodyisa demoiselle murenje, uyewo dzakasiyana-siyana mbeu uye chirimwa nhengo.

Dendere demoiselle murenje pasi mugomba rakombwa manyoro uye ndove. Kids vanogara nevabereki vavo kuti 10 mwedzi.

American Crane Pastushkova

Kune mhando inoverengeka Cranes kuti dendere uye kugara yeAmerica. Inonyanya yepakutanga vavo - Aram. Zviri shiri mhuri Pastushkova Cranes diki saizi (anenge 66 cm) neminhenga shava-yemiorivhi manyoro uye mapapiro, chipfuva uye nechepasi pamutsipa - matete mitsetse chena. Aram matendere anofukidza uye anezvimiti Central, South uye North America.

Kusiyana European marudzi, Aram - Crane, vachidya clams, zvikurukuru hozhwa. Vachitsvaka zvokudya, vakafamba zvishoma nezvishoma shoma mvura, nokumutsa yakakwirira makumbo ake refu, uye vanofarira kutambudzika mumvura, nokuda kwayo kunoshamisa kunhuhwidza, vanoona pasi. Ichitora mashoko cochlea, ivo deftly akadzura kubva goko, udye dzemugungwa dzakawanda, uputse singi kunyika mudhamu.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Aram kako, nekusiyana, muduku hozhwa kudya zvakanaka pamwe singi, pakuparadza rose. Uyezve, iyi Zhuravliki ukuparadze chirimwa zvokudya: bhinzi inomera ezviyo, michero, muna North America sezvo cranberries, midzi, tubers zvinomera siyana. Kubva zvimwe zvokudya - Zvipembenene (hwemvura uye yenyika), nezvinokambaira diki uye mhuka, makonye - American kudya Aram zvikuru zvakawanda zvichienzaniswa Somuenzaniso, chii kudya demoiselle mu Europe.

Crane Indian (Antigone)

Ndicho chikuru Crane munyika - ayo kumusoro kukura kusvika 180 masendimita Color dota-kuchena kana zvitema, kumuromo kwematanda wamapapiro -. Black muromo - green, musoro, mutsipa uye chikamu pamutsipa vari dzvuku ganda pamwe chipingamupinyi bristles. Rarama Cranes akadaro muIndia, Nepal uye Pakistan.

Antigone inovaka matendere mumasango kana pakachena pasi, vashoma vane uswa hurefu kana mumakwenzi, pedyo wetlands. Kazhinji dendere vanosanganisira madzinde riri doro zvirimwa zvakananga mumvura isina kudzika mvura kana pedyo mudhamu.

Tubers uye Mabumba zvinomera kukura mumvura kana pedyo naro, zvishoma hove uye matatya - pano mazita kondo-chii dzinofambiswa Antigone. Kakawanda vanoenda kuburikidza mumvura isina kudzika, kukambaira uye kuchera kubva pasi dzakasiyana-siyana zvinomera.

Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi, Antigone - akagadzirisa Crane, regai tama pamwe kuchinja kwemwaka, pose pazvigaro zvavo. nhamba Its akatsiga, saka hapana matambudziko uye mibvunzo kubva zvipenyu, hazvina kukonzera.

Australian Crane (brolga)

Crane Izvi kwazvo zvakafanana chitarisiko chake Indian ishamwari zvakasiyana chete zvasviba coloring duku mhanza makwapa mumusoro. Nokuti akafanana ichi, kunyange ruzivo ornithologists refu zvakakwana kuti kuvhiringidza marudzi aya maviri.

Kwete kare brolga akagara pamusoro nzvimbo huru Australia uye muzvitsuwa New Guinea, asi nokuda kwezvikonzero yokuwedzera mumapurazi uye nyika reclamation vanoshingaira Crane akasara kubva wavo wenguva dzinogarisana. Zvino kwakange chete duku vakawanda shiri idzi dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo Australia.

Dendere-brolgi Cranes pamusoro marshlands, yemanyorero akazara mvura uye yakakwirira vashoma uswa uye tsanga. Huru Zvokudya: rhizomes uye tubers zvinomera kukura mumvura uye pedyo shiri rakacherwa kubva pasi mudhamu. Ivowo kudya diki hove, zvipembenene, molluscs uye amphibians, vanoda nendege zvokudya pamusoro minda mupunga uye chibage purazi. Zvose pamusoro - zviri chii anodya ari kondo-brolga mu Australia.

korona Crane

Zita Cranes kuwana zvokuramba minhenga mumusoro, pova korona yendarama. The chikuru Ruvara plumage atungamirire-kuchena, mapapiro ari kumusoro chena uye yechipiri Chestnut mashava. Under pfupi muromo bottom akarembera tsvuku "shackle" ganda. Bird - inopenya uye akanaka.

Korona Crane anogara muna Africa muna marshy pamapani, mipata huru nzizi uye nyanza, dzimwe nguva vanofanira kugadzirisa pedyo kuvanhu. Cranes dendere munharaunda zvachose kudzivirirwa kuburikidza nokutamba dzavo uye kuridza mhere. zvokudya sadza Makaisa korona - dzakasiyana dzenyika zvinomera, mbeu, mhuka diki (tumbuyu, madzvinyu etc.) - ndizvo anodya yacho kondo pamusoro kondinendi African.