Chii chinonzi charisma uye chishuwo: kufanana nekusiyana kwemashoko

Idzo pfungwa dze "charisma" uye "kuda" zvinowanzoreva vanhu vanotungamira mararamiro anoshanda, vakawedzera simba uye masimba anokosha kuti vanyengetedze uye vatungamirire vamwe vanhu. Mune nharo ye ethnography LN Gumilyov vanoshushikana vanonzi vanogona kuva varwi, kuita zviito zvechisimba uye zvechisimba. Vatungamiri vechisimba mumagariro evanhu vaMax Weber vakavawo mauto ehondo, vatungamiriri vevhimi, vanoporesa uye vanoita zvemidzimu. Mukufunga kwevanhuwo zvavo, vanhu vane rudo uye vanoshushikana vane unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwemashiripiti uye hune simba.

Kupindura mubvunzo, chii charisma, M. Weber akaitsanangura sehuhu hwehuhu, kupa munhu simba nechiremera. Pfungwa yechirisma yakapararira kwete kuvanhu vese chete, asiwo kune masayendisiti, mabhizinesi, vanyori, nezvimwe.

Kufananidzwa kwezvirevo zvechirma uye chido

1) "Kuputika kwepfungwa" munyaya yeLN Gumilev nguva dzose yakasvika pakuguma kwema ethnos uye yakabatsira pakuonekwa kwevanhu vatsva - vanoita uye vanoita zvakanaka, vanogona kudzorera rudzi rwavo pachavo. Chimwe chirevo chiripo chiripo munyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu uye inonzi "kuputika kwechisimba," izvo zvinoratidzika kuratidzwa muvatungamiri vekuchinja uye shamwari dzavo dzepedyo.

2) S. Eisenstadt, achitsanangura charisma, anoshandisa pfungwa ye "kushingaira kwechisimba," iyo inonyanya kureva kushuva sekuda kwekutora matanho ekuchinja shanduko. Chero mutungamiri ane huwandu hwemasimba, simba, izvo zvinogona kutungamirirwa kune zvinangwa zviviri zvinovaka uye zvinoparadza.

3) Kucherechedza uye kufungidzira ndiwo maitiro makuru anotarisa chinetso chechipi uye chii chinoshuva munhu. Fanatics nokuda kwechinangwa chakagadzikana inogona kuzvipira ivo pachavo, mhuri, vamwe vanhu, pasina kushamisika uye vasinganono.

4) Vatungamiri vane shungu uye vane simba vanogona kugutsa vanhu vazhinji, kuvatungamira, kuisa chido mune zvavanotaura, masimba ane simba anogona kukanganisa vamwe vanhu. Muchirevo chekuda, chirevo ichi chinonzi "passionary field", mukati mechido chekuita maitiro ekutsvaga (utachiona), uye munzanga dzezvemagariro - "charisma yezwi." Izwi romutungamiri rinowedzera kuonekwa nevamwe vanhu sekunakidza, kufadza, kugutsikana.

Misiyano pakati pemafungiro echisimba uye chido

1) Chirevo che "chido" chinoshandiswa kurondedzera zviitiko zvepasi rose uye zvezviitiko, asi pfungwa ye "charisma" inoshandiswa kunyanya kurondedzera zviitiko zvezvino mune zvematongerwe enyika, pakati pezvakawanikwa zvesayenzi.

2) Kubudirira kwechisimba semunhu wega wega kunokurudzirwa nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwe enyika vane zviitiko zvakajeka munharaunda. Nekuderera kwehukuru hwekupisa kwezviitiko uye mukugadzirisa kwezviitiko zvezvematongerwe enyika uye kugadzikana kwehupfumi nehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika munyika, simba rekutsvaga pakati pevamiririri vesimba rinoderedzawo. Passionarity unhu hwemunhu hwemunhu uye hunogona kunyangarika chete nekufa kwechido, uyo, kuzadzisa chinangwa chimwe, anogadzirisa zvitsva.

3) Masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika nevanyori venhau vezvematongerwe enyika, vasingafungi kuti chii chinotyisa, intuitively vanoshandisa pfungwa iyi maererano nekugadzwa kwakaitwa naMe Weber kwahwo - huno huno huri hwehutungamiri wesimba. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa yekushushikana ndiyo tsika inoshandiswa mumatongerwo evanhu kuburikidza nekambanirologists, vanyori vezvakaitika kare, geographers.

4) Kushushikana kwepfungwa ishoko rakakura pane kushushikana, naizvozvo vanofarira vanogona kuwana simba, inzwi, simba uye kunyengetedza kwevatungamiri vane tsitsi, avo vasiri nguva dzose vanofarira. Kushushikana kwavo kunogona kuva kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi, hunhu hwekanguva chakapiwa.

Kutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kuti anzwisise chinetso chekutsvaga uye nzira yekuchikuridzira nayo, kunoitwa mumunda wepfungwa uye zvematongerwe enyika, dzidzo nekushambadzira. Zvinokwanisika kuva nechisimba kuburikidza nekusika zvimwe zviitiko munharaunda, asi kuoneka kwechido hakugoni kutarisirwa nehuruzhinji, asi kune mukana wekutungamirira simba ravo mumabasa makuru evanhu.