"Purogiramu yeNapoleonic" - zvinoreva zvinyorwa uye zvinyanzwisisiro zvekushandisa

Mashoko anonyadzisa "Napoleonic zvirongwa" ndeyemwemwemwe, kazhinji anotaurwa nenzira yekuseka. Asi panguva iyo, hapana chinhu chinonakidza shure kwemashoko aya hachisi chakavanzika. Kuvapa chinhu chisina maturo kunenge kusina kuremekedza madzitateguru edu. Uye kutaura uku hakugoni kunzi mutsa. Kuti anzwisise zvinoreva zvinyorwa zve "phrase" zvirongwa zve "Napoleonic", zvakakwana kutendeukira kune zvakaitika. Uye, zvechokwadi, kubvumirana nechokwadi chokuti maitiro akanaka eudzvinyiriri ruoko haana kuzadzika, haagoni kuenzaniswa neropa. Kwete zvigadzirwa, kwete zvachose.

Mukomana wechidiki

Napoleon Bonaparte munhu akasiya chiratidzo chake chakajeka munhau, Corsican (1769, chiwi cheCorsica), mumwe wevana gumi nematatu vemhuri yakashata, kunyange zvazvo baba vake vaiva veimba yakanaka. Murume wechidiki ainyatsodzidza kudzidza uye nhau dzehondo, maakazvipira muupenyu hwake hwose. Kubvira paudiki, zvifananidzo zvaNapoleon zvaive maRoma vakuru uye madzimambo, pamwe chete nechechiGiriki Alexander the Great (Macedonian).

Hatingarondedzere nzira yake yose kusvika kumusoro kwebasa rake, izvi zvakanyorwa zvakanyanyisa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvakaoma kutumidza nzira iyi ine mhinzwa, pasinei nokuti vanyori vezvakaitika zveFrance vakati, vachiedza kupa mufananidzo uyu unhu hwakanaka uye hukuru. Eka isingaoneki, nhau inoziva yakaoma zvikuru uye ichikwirira ichienda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeOlympus. Muna 1795, Napoleon aiva mutungamiri wevarwi vekare. Gore rinotevera, mutungamiriri wemauto (zvitunha zveItaly). Uye akarohwa, akakurumidza. Nyika dzakapenya, kukunda mauto muItaly uye Venice, kunyadziswa kweAustria pahondo, Egypt ... MuEgipita, zvisinei, hazvina kubudirira.

Rarama kuronga

Kuora mwoyo, mutungamiriri wechidiki haana, akada kufunga pamusoro pezvinozoita zvakare, zvakare. Uye maererano nemitemo yemhando yezvinyorwa, akaronga hurumende yeFrance muna 1799. Napoleon inotora rutivi rwesimba.

Ichokwadi kuti kutonga kwake kwakanga kusina maturo. Iye akaoma fist panguva imwe chete, uye kwete mumatanho, anotakura huwandu hunokosha hwekushandura kwenyika. Austria nePrussia, kudedera uye kupfugama! Mutsva mutsva unopedza nheyo dzenyika. Saka ngazvive! Napoleon aikwanisa kupa mutemo wake kune dzimwe nyika pasi peapiro uye kutarisa kwegondo reFrance.

Zvinotaridzika, kurarama uye kufara. Asi kwete, hazvingakwani. Zvisizvo zvisingadzivisiki, kukwezva Ijipiti, chido chekuisa pasi pasi Bengal neIndia, chido chekuita izvo zvakanga zvisina simba reGreat Alexander, "asina kushambidzwa" Russia, kwete nekukurumidza kupa rubatsiro rwechokwadi mukuzadzisa izvo zvakagadzirwa. Kupesana kwemunhu oga naJosephine anodiwa. Kuramba kwevaRussia madzimambo (hanzvadzi dzaAlexandria the First) nemashoko anoseka kubva kune mumwe wavo, Katerina: "Zviri nani kune igadziri kupfuura iyi yeCorsican".

Zvose izvi zvakatsamwisa uye hazvina kufadza chiwi ichi, uyo akatonga France. Napoleon aida mudyi wenhaka, uye sangano reFrance - ropa. Mumazuva iwayo nzira kubva pane zvishoma kusvika pamoto kana chivharo yakayerwa mune imwe danho. Kunyange hazvina basa kuti musoro wakafukidzwa neiko, korona yeumambo kana chikwata chemukati chemadhaka.

Zuva rasvika apo, mumusoro wakatsvuka waBonaparte, pfungwa yekushanyira Russia yakagadzikana kuitira chinangwa chokuyemura kunaka kweRussia nyika. Zuva iri rinogona kusarudzwa zvakachengeteka zuva rekuyeuka. Zuva rokuwa kweNapoleon. Mushure mezvose, rwendo urwu akafunga kuita neuto guru, uye kunyange pasina kutora visa. Icho chiroko, vashumiri zviuru mazana mana? Asi pamusoro pezvose zvakarongeka.

Napoleon yemazuva ano

Napoleon yakava chiratidzo chechokwadi. Zita rake rinoshandiswa zvakasimba nevatengesi munyika yose. Makeke uye cognac, shangu dzakashongedzwa nemitsara yemafuta, zviyeuchidzo uye mazita emakambani - uko iwe pachako usingazowani Napoleon. Mumaguta ose, munzvimbo dzose, munyika dzose. "Vakasunungura varimi muzere, propiaril," sekunge sangano redu reRussia, Mikhail Zadornov, anonzi "connoisseur" wezvinhu zvose zvekuMadokero neAmerica, ataura. Ichi chinyorwa, hongu, hachisi mharidzo kumakwikwi, haisi kunyange zvematongerwo enyika. Asi kuti unzwisise zvinorehwa nemashoko okuti "Napoleonic plan", zvinobatsira kuita imwezve kudzvora kubva munyaya.

Retreat, iyo inonyanya kukosha

Munhu weNapoleon akava chidzidzo chekuzvikudza nekukudzwa kwevaFrance. Achimuti munhu wekodzero, mukuru weFrench, nyika iyi yebellicose, zvishoma, inopupurira kusaziva nguva dzinokosha dzenhoroondo kana kuti France nguva dzose yakatsvaga kukwanisa zvose zvakanakisisa uye zvinobatsira, kubata, kubata varanda, kurohwa uye kubvisa. Nedzimwe nzira uye nzira. Mitsara iyi mune imwe inogona kukonzera kushamisika: Sei? France? Kurwisa? Vanhu ava vakanaka uye vakakodzera here? Saizvozvowo hazvikwanisi pamwe chete.

Zvose zvakabatanidzwa uye zvinotsanangurwa. Zvaringana chete kubvisa magirazi e "pink" uye kutendeukira kune zvakaitika. Kuonekwa kwemazuva ano kwakanaka kweFrance, zvisinei, pamwe nevose vanobudirira muEurope, hazvisi chinhu kunze kwemagumisiro emakore asingaverengeki emhirizhonga, hondo dzine ropa uye mapurisa ane utsinye. Akawanda makoloni, akafukidzirwa nechisiti chekudzivirirwa, kupindira kusina hanya muhupenyu hwenyika dzakawanda, kuisa mitemo yavo nemitemo, uye dzimwe nzira dzishoma dzisiri kubudirira dzinotungamirira kumoto kana kurima koromo yevanhu vane rugare uye vasina kudzivirirwa. Uye zvaizova zvakanaka, kana zvichingova nehanya nevasingazivi, asiwo madzinza akawanda, dzimwe nguva, akagezwa muropa ndokupa kunaMwari mweya pamusana pezviitiko zvisingakoshi.

VaFrench vanofanira kudzidza nhoroondo. Mune mhinduro dzose

Nenzira, Napoleon aigonawo kunge akave Mukuru weRussia. Kana kwete kune rimwe chete asi. Murume wechidiki wechidiki akada kuronga kupinda muuto reRussia. Uye chiitiko chacho chakanga chakakodzera. Muna 1788, mutungamiriri weRussia wezvitunha (expeditionary) Zaborovsky akashanyira Livorno nechinangwa chokuhaya vazvipiri muhondo neTurkey.

Mumwe akapedza chikoro cheParis School of Military Affairs, uyo akapedza kudzidza nekukudza, akazvipira. Kunyanya kudiwa kwakamanikidza murume wechidiki kune chero bhizimisi remauto. Nenguva iyo mhuri yake yakanga iine hurombo, ichiviga musoro wemhuri.

Urongwa hweNapoleonic hwakanga husingafanirwi kupfeka. Chikonzero ichocho zvose chiri mune zvakafanana zveNapoleon. Mutemo weRussia Tsar wakataura kuti vatorwa vedzimwe nyika vanogona kunyoreswa nechepasi. Mutungamiri wenharo asina maturo aisazobvumirana neizvi.

Kukumbira kwaakazoita kumusoro weRussia kutungamira nyaya dzehondo hazvina kuchinja mamiriro acho ezvinhu nenzira ipi zvayo. Hondo yeRussia yakaramba kubva pamabasa ayo. ICorsican yakatsamwiswa nekutaura kwakashinga yakabva muhofisi, ichichengetedza hasha nekutsamwa. Uye zvinogona kunge zvisina kudaro. Iyo huru "Frenchman" ndiko kudada kweFrance. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvingati iwe?

Ideologists inonyora zvinhu zvose, ndizvo zvakaita basa ravo

Mazuva ano mazano eEurope, achitevera avo vakatsika vakatsika mumugwagwa, vakabudirira pakuumba huwandu hwenhema dzinenge dzatova hutsinye, huchitsiva pfungwa ye "utsinye" ne "zvakanaka", kururamisa pamberi pezvizvarwa kwemazana emakore mberi kwekushungurudzwa kwevaimbova vatongi, uye chii chinotenderera mumativi, uye zviripo. Mushonga unofanirwa kugogodza mavhiri acho, unokonzera mabheji, unobvisa zviratidzo uye unobvisa makirasi evanhu vaviri mazuva manomwe pavhiki uye maawa makumi maviri nemaviri. Inobatanidza kuwana zvikonzero zvezvitsva zvehutsinye, kuparadzwa kweTatu Nyika yose, kuparadzwa kwemazana emakore-tsika netsika dzemarudzi maduku, kuparadzwa kwezvigaro zvekare, mararamiro akaparadzwa evanhu vakanga vasina bhizimisi pamberi peEurope yakadyiwa zvakanaka.

Vafambi vemakakatanwa nemafungiro vatsvaga

Ikoko pachava nekuda kuitirana nharo uye, semafungiro, kutungamira, nenzira, muEurope yekare, zvinotyisa nyaya pamusoro peIvan the Terrible, uye maRussian emperors-bloodsuckers. Mashoko haasisina, kana pasina nhamba uye chokwadi. Sezvo mutungamiri weRussia achangobva kuudza munyori wenhau weAmerica, NBC News yakagadzirisa Megin Kelly: "Ndeipi maateresi, maonero, mazita ezita?". Kunyange zvakadaro, tichadzivisa hurukuro pamusoro pechinyorwa ichi, kutumira vanhu vanoyeuka vanobvunza mabhuku ezvinyorwa zvekare, vachirayira kuti tifunge mumatare.

Kwemausiku humwe mambokadzi weEurope akanyura muropa vakawanda vevanhu vake kuti Ivan the Terrible inongova mwana asina mhosva. Uye nechekuRussia "kushambwa", panguva iyo vatengesi vaipemberera pachena kudiwa kwemakona ose emumambo munyika dzeEurope, uye nzizi dzezvisina kuchena uye zvimedu zvakapararira kuburikidza nemigwagwa yeguta, vanhu muRussia vakazvishambidza mumabhedha uye vakapemberera chido chezvivigiro.

Nenzira, hove dzakaputika dzakapinda kupi? Uye nokuda kwei? Chero chii chisingatauri? Ndizvozvo, muEurope, amai vangu, kuitira kuti vadzivirire musoro wake, uye kana zvichikwanisika, chipfeko chake chinodhura kubva mumvura yemvura yakasvibiswa zvakananga kunze kwehwindo reimwe imba yeEurope. IEurope yava nenguva yakajaira kunyaradza-sei uchizviremedza iwe nekufamba mumugwagwa, kana uchikwanisa kubvisa zvakasara kubva nepahwindo?

Nhau-ngano inhema, asi mairi inoreva ...

Uye panguva iyo, Europe yakanaka yakanzwisisa uye inonzwisisa kusvikira zvino yakangoita simba. Ichokwadi, zvakakosha kubhadhara mutero kwaari zvakanyatsogadziridzwa mutukuro uye nhoroondo yezvakaitika. Nharo yekumanikidza inonyengedza kunyengera pamberi pemuvengi ane simba, anokwanisa kuita kugadzira mazino uye kuputika kumusoro kwebvudzi.

Yenguva yekudzokera kumashoko ekuti "Napoleonic plan". Zvechokwadi, zvirongwa zveNapoleon zvaive zvakanaka, zvine maonero akareba. Pamberi pemukuru wehurumende akanga ari umambo hwaAlexander, chirevo chechiGiriki chinoshamisa. Akanga atoona rwendo rwake rwekukunda kuburikidza nevakakunda vaIjipita, veBangali uye veIndia. Asi akanga asingadi kuzviisa kune izvi. Muzvirongwa zvake zvokunyengera aiva muvakidzani wepedyo.

Sezvakange zvakaita munharaunda yekare yeEurope, nzvimbo yakanaka yakagadziriswa nehuipi adventures, intrigues, mazano uye zvirwere zvinoparadza. Kubhadhara mutero panguva yake, Napoleon aida kubvisa korona yeBrithani yemadhora akawanda, iyo makoroni. Akarota kuputira chigaro pamakumbo ake, kuparadza uye kuparadza hupfumi hwake, kuchenesa hondo yeBritish nemakungwa. Kwete chido chisina simba chemuvakidzani akanaka.

Pakutanga, Napoleon akaedza kunyora rubatsiro rwevatongi veRussia. Pasi paPauro Ndakanga ndatovabvumirana pamushandirapamwe, asi wakatsamwa. Nokudaro, Napoleon akaenderera mberi achienda kune rumwe rutivi rwekare chiRussia tsar itsva, Alexander. Ngatisiye zvose zvisizvo. Nyaya yacho yakaguma nekuti Russia yakazvimiririra yakazvimirira kuwedzera nzvimbo yeAsia. Uyezve, zvakasiyana nenzira. Panzvimbo pehondo ine utsinye, India yakapa kubatana pamwe chete nekutengeserana.

Tinofanira kutaura nezveNapoleon inotyisa here mushure mokugamuchira mashoko akadaro? Inoramba ichiwedzera kutyisidzira kune vakaroorana vekuRussia vakanaka uye pano "brega yakakora", vakaroorana vanoda kubuda. Uye kunze kwekuti chirongwa cheNapoleon's grandiose chakange chizadzwa nechimwe chinhu - "kufamba" kuRussia. Zvaizova zviri nani kwaari kuti afunge nezvokuzvidzivirira pachake. Izvi ndizvo zvinoreva zvirongwa zveNapoleonic, sezvisingagoneki, kurasikirwa uye zvine ngozi. Kugogodza nokuzvidira pango rebhero, kudanidzira kutyisidzira uye kutsamwisa mhuka, ndicho chimwe chiitiko.

Rus hospitality

Gore re1812th. Vanhu veRussia vane mwoyo wakazaruka vakasangana nevashanyi vanodikamwa veFrance. Saka "kufadza" uye "kurega" kwakadzoka kubva pamushandirapiti chete zviuru gumi zvakarohwa uye zvakaneta Napoleonic varwi. Vanenge zviuru mazana mana mauto vakazviwana ivo hugaro husingaperi munyika yeRussia.

Izvo zvakashata zveBonaparte zvakasiya zvakawanda zvingadiwa. Kuregererwa kusiyiwa kwe "korona", kunyadzisa uye kureva chitsuwa cheElba. Ichi chitsuwa chakange chakagadzirirwa zvakare kuchitsuwa chacho.

Kupenya kwakajeka pamabasa ekufa kweNapoleon kwaiva muna 1815, paakawana simba uye akaedza kudzorera humbo hwake hwekare. Achinge aunganidza musha, akazosvika kuParis asingagadziriswi. Asi yakanga isati yambova Napoleon imwe chete. I "mazino e shark" akasiyiwa muRussia aisagona kushumira zvinangwa zve tenzi wavo. Mhemberero yacho yaiva pfupi.

Pakutanga hondo kuWallloo (mugore rimwe chete ra1815) Napoleon akakundwa zvachose naDuke weWenington. Sezvo mukunyombwa, mugumo wemuvakidzani wakagadzirirwa Bonaparte nzvimbo yekupedzisira, nzvimbo itsva. Sezvavanotaura, kana iwe wakaberekwa somurimi, iwe uchadzoka kune chirima uye udzoka. St. Helena akazova mugumo wezvaaida. Rufu haruna kuramba ruchimirira kwenguva refu. Akagogodza pasuo raNapoleon muna May, musi we5, muna 1821.

Idzidziso yeiyo fable ndeyotevera

Kutsanangura zvinoreva mazwi "Napoleonic plan" inogona kunge yakasiyana. Shandura mafungiro ehupenyu hwemazuva ano. Kunyunyuta pamusoro pehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, matambudziko asingagumi uye kuti isu tiri kugara tichivaka zvirongwa zveNapoleonic. Asi hazvisi nani here kutarisa maziso ako kune zvakaitika? Kakawanda vanhu vanofunga nezvezviitiko zvezvakaitika kare, kunyanya kukanganisa kwavanoita mumazuva ano chaiwo.

Munhu wacho, pasina mubvunzo, anosiyana. Asi izvi zvinoshandurirei? Kuvandudza kwemhuri muhupenyu. Zvose zvinotapira pasi apa. Uye muvanhu vose, akachinja sei? Hondo imwe chete, humwe hunyengeri, hunyengeri uye hutsinye, chisimba uye zvirongwa zvechisimba. Dzimwe nzira? Uye vamwe? Zvimwe zvishandiso. Zvakawedzerwa, zvakanyanyisa. Kana zvisina kudaro zvose zvakafanana. Iwe uchandiudza pamusoro pemutemo wepasi rose here? Mubvunzo ndewokupesana - asi iri kuzadzikiswa here? Iyo ndima pamusoro pemichina yakagadziriswa yakanga isina kusikwa nengozi.

Yenguva yekupindura nemutsara mumwe kumubvunzo - zvinorevei kuti zvirongwa zveNapoleonic zvinorevei? Kuvaka zvirongwa zvikuru zvisingambofi zvakakwana.

Kubva paukuru kusvika kune kusekwa

Zvinokwanisika kugovera maonero ehukuru hwomunhu uyu anonyadzisa, munhu anogona kukakavadzana, asi unhu hweNapoleon hunogona kushevedzwa. Mabasa mazhinji emabhuku uye mafirimu akaumbwa pamusoro pemunhu uyu, pane kunyange nhetembo pamusoro pezvirongwa zveNapoleonic.

Akanga achida kushevedzera, iye pachake ndiye munyori wemashoko akawanda akave mapapiro uye akachengeterwa kusvikira nhasi. Semuenzaniso, mazwi okuti: "mumapapiro emasoja mumwe nomumwe anonyengera tsvimbo yemarshal."

Maitiro asina kunaka kune uyu Mukuru "Frenchman". Anogona kudiwa nekuvengwa, asi upenyu pachahwo hunoisa zvinhu zvose panzvimbo yawo. Anoda maaprisyms uye mapurogiramu ezvinyorwa zvake akazova chinhu chemashoko akasimba. Kwete mune chiedza chakanaka, nenzira. Zvirongwa zvisinganzwisisiki zvemukuru wekutanga zvakava kududzirwa kwezwi rokuti "Napoleonic plans".