Museum of Chernobyl (Kiev, lane yeHisho, 1): kujekesa kwemazuva ano, kuongorora

Chernobyl yakazozivikanwa pashure pokunge njodzi inotyisa yakaitika kuChernobyl nuclear power plant. Chizvarwa chakayeuka chinorangarira zvakanaka Zuva iro mharidzo inotyisa yaMutungamiri weU.SR Mikhail S. Gorbachev yakaratidza kuterevhizheni kuti musi waApril 26, makiromita 110 chete kubva kuKiev, iyo yakaipisisa technogenic njodzi mune simba renyukireya yakaitika, iyo yakazotora hupenyu hwezviuru zvevanhu uye yakava iyo inokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwevhesiyo yendima huru mu 200 mamiriyoni emamita mita. Km. Migumisiro yenhamo iyi haisati ichinzwa kwete neUkraine chete, asiwo nemiganhu yeRussia neByelorussia inobatana nayo.

The Museum of Chernobyl muKiev

Saka kuti vanhu vange vasingagoni kukanganwa nezvekukuvadza kwesimba renyukireya, muna 1992 Chernobyl Museum yakavhurwa. Kiev yakaripa iyo zvivako zvechiteshi chemoto ine nzvimbo 1100 square meters. Iye zvino, kutsanangurwa kwemu museum kunosanganisira makopi anopfuura 7 000, vachitaura nezvezviitiko zveusiku apo njodzi yacho yaitika, nemigumisiro yenjodzi. Kunzwa kwakasimba kune vashanyi kunoitwa nemugwagwa unotungamirira kumahofisi eMusimusi. Kwairi kusvika padenga kune mahwendefa ane mazita emisha nemataundi akasiyiwa mushure mekutambudzika. Nezvakaitika nengozi, misha 76 nemisha yakanyangarika kubva munharaunda yeUkraine.

Mumugwagwa pane muti weapuro, wakabvaruka kubva mumudzi. Iyi ndiyo chiratidzo chebhaibheri chehupenyu, ruzivo rwezvakaipa nezvakanaka. Mumugwagwa vakaparadzirwa maapuro matsvuku, achifananidzira hukama hwakanaka uye mufaro. Vanoita sevanotaura kuti upenyu hwezviuru zvevanhu hwakachinja munguva pfupi. Vanhu vakasiya nzvimbo dzavo dzekuzvarwa, uye minda uye minda zvakaputirwa nemasora, zviuru zvehekta zvevhu zvakaparadzwa. Mugwagwa unoenda kumakamuri emu museum unomiririra mugwagwa weChernobyl plant power plant.

Expositions of the museum

Imamerica yeChernobyl (Kiev) yakagadzira zvinyorwa zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuona migumisiro yekushungurudza kweatomu yakapukunyuka kubva pakugadzirisa. Mugwagwa unotungamirira vaenzi kuTemberi mukati meimba. Pano panomira iconostasis, zvimwe zvikamu zvayo zvakaunzwa kubva kuAscension Church, iyo yakawira munzvimbo isina kubviswa. Kwete kure ne iconostasis kune chikepe chinomiririra Areka yaNoa, makenduru anoramba achipisa pano, sechiratidzo chekufara kweamai uye vana vanoparadzwa nemirairo. Kune nguva dzose maikoni akawanda muareka iyo vana vanobva pavanoshanyira musamu. Kuvhura kwe iconostasis kwakabatanidzwa netambo yakagadzirwa nejecha rinoridza machena - chiratidzo chekuwedzera kwemazuva.

Pakati peimba yacho, diadhi inoshanda yakadzokorora zvakare, iyo inoratidza kuti Chernobyl yakanga isati yamboitika sei, nguva apo dambudziko reChernobyl rakaitika, Nenzira iyo nzvimbo yakatarisa ikozvino. Pamberi pevashanyi pane imwe nguva yekuputika nekuparadzwa kwechiteshi, mushure mokunge sarcophagus inowanikwa pamusoro payo.

Denga reimba yacho rinogadzirwa nenzira yemepu yenyika. Zvitubu zvezvivako zvese zvenyukireya mumakondinendi ose zvinotsvaira pairi. Pasi rehholo ine chimiro cheplate rekuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu, iyo inofanira kunge iri pamusana mukuru.

Mufananidzo uye vhidhiyo zvinhu pamusoro penjodzi muChernobyl

I National Museum yeChernobyl haina kuratidza kujekesa kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi enyukireya. Pano unogona kuona mavhidhiyo akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekuti kuputika kwakawanda kwakamboitika sei, panguva iyo vashandi vaviri vemahofisi vakafa, kuti moto wakatanga sei, kuti vanhu vakasiya sei guta, uye kuti moto uri paChernobyl rekugadzira simba remagetsi wakadzimwa sei. Pakati pezvinhu izvi unogona kuona mifananidzo yemakuva emidziyo yemasoja iyo yakabatanidzwa mukubviswa kwengozi.

Mu musimamende inoratidza pane zvinyorwa, mifananidzo uye mamapu ane tampu "Chakavanzika". Mukuwedzera, pane zviratidzo zvevanokonzera njodzi, zviratidzo zvinokosha nemabasa ekugadzirwa kwemaoko anotorwa kubva munzvimbo yekuregererwa, sampuli dzezvidziviriro zvekudzivirira umo mauto nevadzivi vemoto vaibatanidzwa mukudzima moto pachigaro. Zvichigoverwa pfungwa uye chimiro chekuratidzwa kwezvinyorwa, Chernobyl Museum (Kiev) haina mifananidzo munyika.

Kupukunyuka kwevanhu

Pakati pezvifananidzo nemavhidhiyo mapeji unogona kuwana mifananidzo yekusunungurwa kwevanhu vasingazivi kuwanda kwechiitiko chacho uye vanotarisira kudzokera kuguta mumazuva matatu. Hapana mumwe wavo aisagona kufungidzira kuti havachazoonizve guta ravo rekuzvarwa, uye munzvimbo itsva vaifanira kutanga hupenyu kubva pakutanga.

Kubuda kwevanhu kwakatangwa musi waApril 27, apo pasina mumwe munhu panyika akaziva nezvekuwirwa nenjodzi. 1225 mabhasi akasvika muguta rePpypyat, uko vashandi veChernobyl NPP vaigara. Zvitima zviviri zve diesel zvakaendeswa kusiteshi chezvitima. Vanopfuura makumi mashanu evanhu vakabva muguta racho mumaawa matatu. Mabhazi akaunza vanhu kumativi akasiyana eKiev. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakadaro yaiva Kontraktova Square, pedyo neyo musamu akazarurirwa. Kusvikira kuguma kwa1986, pedyo neChernobyl, nzvimbo yekusamurwa kwekilomita makumi matatu yakasikwa. Kubvira ipapo vose vagari uye vanopfuura makumi emakumi matanhatu emisoro yemhuka yepurazi vakabviswa.

Moto unodzima pachiteshi

Mushure mokunge pangozi yacho, hapana veasayendisiti vanogona kufanotaura nguva yezviitiko. Nyanzvi dzaityisa imwe kuputika kwezvimwe zvinhu, saka zvakasarudzwa kuti zviputire moto unopisa ne borax nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodzima njere yenyukireya. Kumugumo uyu, kupatsanurudza kwepaguruva, iyo yaibatanidzwa mukubviswa kwemauto kubva kuAfghanistan, yakabatanidzwa zvachose.

Kuti ridonhedze gorogi nenzira yakarurama mukati memutambo, zvakanga zvakakodzera kutiza kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira kumusoro kweiyo inogadzirisa, iyo inopisa yakatsvaira iyo yakadarika 1000 ° C. Nemhaka yeizvi, ndege dzakasiyana-siyana dzakawira pasi, uye neruzivo runyararo hapana wevafambisi vechikepe akafa. Imwe helikopta imwe chete yakawira mumoto unopisa nevashandi, asi ichi chakachengetwa chakavanzika kwemakore mazhinji.

Nzira yekuchenesa denga

Mamwe mapeji anonyanya kuipa ekubvisa njodzi inobatanidzwa nekuchenesa denga rezvidimbu zve graphite, iyo yakabuda kunze kwechitarisiko. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, yaive anenge mazana matatu. Vashandi vekugadzira simba remagetsi enyu uye dhipatimendi remoto reguta ndivo vaitanga kubatana nebasa racho. Gare gare, vakatsiviwa nemasoja akanyorwa. Pamusoro pedenga rakagadzirwa mavhidhiyo makamera, maererano nemauto ayo akaratidzirwa zvipi kuti zvichenese kutanga.

Vose vavo vakanyeverwa nezvengozi, saka vanozvipira chete vakatumirwa padenga. Kuchengetedza masoja kubva pamagetsi, vakagadzira zvombo kubva mutungamiri, vanofukidza ruzivo, mushure memusoro, uye dzimwe nhengo dzinokosha. Mukana wekujekesa wakanga wakareba kwazvo zvokuti wakanga uri padenga rekare kwete kweminiti, shure kwaizvozvo vakatorwa kuenda kunzvimbo yakachena. Mapurisa akapupurira kuti vana vakapiwa rubles chiuru chimwe nechimwe uye vakakurumidza kubudiswa.

Kuvakwa kwe sarcophagus pamusoro peCNPP

Kuti kuderedze ruzivo rwemasango, zvakasarudzwa kuvaka sarcophagus pamusoro pemhepo inoputika. Imabasa ose akaitwa nevanyanzvi vane ruzivo rwekushanda nemasipireti emvura kubva munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakagadzirirwa.

Nokuda kweizvi, zvishandiso zvine mahara ekudzivirira zvakashandiswa. Zvidziviriro zvesimbi zvakasanganiswa munzvimbo dzakachena uye dzakapiwa munzvimbo nemagetsi ane simba. Vanhu vakaenda kunzvimbo dzine ngozi zvikuru, vakapa kuchengetedzwa kunokosha, saka hakuna mumwe wavo akawana mukana wevhenekeri kupfuura iyo inobvumirwa kukosha.

Kuvakwa kwe sarcophagus kwakaitwa maererano neprojekti yakagadzirwa naLeningrad masayendisiti. Kuti ivimbise mberi kwebasa racho, zvirimwa 4 zvesimbiso zvekrete zvakagadzirwa pedyo neChernobyl nuclear power plant. Nharaunda yechiteshi yacho inogona kumiswa nemotokari ine chiziviso chakanaka, saka motokari dzaiunza mutoro kune imwe nzvimbo, mushure mokunge yakatamiswa kunotakura inoshanda munzvimbo yechipatara. Zvose izvi zviitiko zvinotaurirwa munharaunda yemu museum.

Book of Memory mu Museum of Chernobyl

Imiti yenyukireya yeChernobyl ndiyo misodzi uye kurwadziwa kweUkraine. Bhuku rekurangarira rakatsaurirwa kune vanhu vakagamuchira dambudziko reatomu isina kudzora. Iine mazita anenge mazana mashanu.

Bhuku rekuyeuka i-electronic search engine, iyo muenzi wese anokwanisa kuwana. Iine mazita nemifananidzo yevose vanokonzera njodzi, kune ruzivo pamusoro peiipi imwe yega yavakagamuchira, uye basa ripi rakaitwa munharaunda yenjodzi. Mifananidzo yevanhu vasati vasiri pakati pevapenyu vanozivikanwa nechitenderera-tsvuku-tsvuku. Mimwe yemifananidzo iri pasi pephiko rengirozi chena. Uyu mufananidzo wevana vakaberekerwa mushure mekuitika kwechiitiko uye iye zvino vari kurwisana nezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro yemirairo.

Kukosha kwepasi rose kwemu museum

Imwe Museum yeChernobyl (Kiev) inosara pasina munhu asina hanya. Iye anonyatsozivikanwa kunze kweUkraine. Nenguva dzakawanda vashandi veMusamende vakaronga zviratidzo kune dzimwe nyika. Mushure meizvozvo, kuongororwa kwakawanda uye zvitsva zvinotanga kusvika kusvika pano.

Vakawanda vekune dzimwe nyika vanobudisa nhau vanopindura kune mafirosofi ekuratidzwa. Imyuziyamu yakashanyirwa nevanopfuura makumi masere vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, pamwe nevakuru vehurumende nehurumende kubva kunyika dzakawanda dzenyika. Sangano reUnited Mission rakanga riri pano, rakatungamirirwa neNobvumira Mukuru we sangano iri, mutungamiri weOCECE, uyewo Mutungamiriri weEuropean Commission. Vose zvavo vakaona kuti zvisikwa zvemu museum zvinotora basa rinokosha pakukura mumweya kwevanhu.

Kutenda nebasa rakagadzirwa nemusitamende, US Congress yakatanga chirongwa chekuvandudza vana veChernobyl. Sechikamu chepurogiramu muUkraine, zvivako zvishanu zveUkraine neAmerica zvakavakwa munzvimbo dzave dzakakanganiswa nengozi. Nokuda kwekuzivisa zvirwere zvehutano, vana vanopfuura 116 000 vakaongororwa. Uyezve, chirongwa cheUkraine-Cuban "Vana veChernobyl" chiri kushanda, maererano nevana vanenge 18 000 vane kenza, mafupa nedzimwe zvirwere zvakagadziriswa kuCuba.

Nzira yekuenda kuMusimusi

Nhasi munhu wose anokwanisa kushanyira Chernobyl Museum muKiev. Tsanangudzo yake: per. Horyva, nezvimwewo. 1. Yakasununguka kubva pa10: 00 kusvika muna 6.00 masikati zuva rega, kunze kweSvondo. Hazvisi nyore kusvika kwazviri. Kurutivi rwacho simira kutsika nhamba ye13, 14 ne19, pamwe nebhasi nhamba 62. Ndiyo yakanakisisa kusvika ipapo ne metro. Zvakakosha kuenda kumisasa "Kontraktovaya Ploshchad".

Kushanyira musimamende kunopa pfungwa yezviipi zvinogona kuitika kuvanhu nekuda kwekanganganisa zvikanganiso mune nyukliya, saka kwete vadzidzi chete nevana vechikoro, asiwo nhengo dzakakomba dzinouya kuChernobyl Museum (Kiev). Mutengo wetikiti unofananidzwa uchifananidzira. Kuvana vechikoro nevadzidzi, iri 5 UAH, kuvanhu vakuru - 10 UAH. Nokuda kwebasa revatorwa kune dzimwe nyika nemuturikiri iwe unoda kubhadhara 100 UAH. Kune avoji vematokari iyo inopinda musimamende yakasununguka.