Tsika: ichi chii? Mitauro yemitambo - yenyika, zvemagariro, tsika, zvechitendero nezvimwe

Tsika ndeyeboka rimwe rezviitiko, rakarongeka mune zvemagariro evanhu, izvo zvinowanikwa uye zvinowanikwazve munzanga. Zvakakosha kusiyanisa pfungwa iyi kubva kune unyanzvi, iyo inomiririra basa rakawanda rekusika. Nedzimwe tsika, mumwe munhu anounganidza vanhu vanopinza neruzivo ruzivo rwakakosha mukuzvidzivirira uye kunyange kupona. Ndiko kuti, izwi iri rinogona kududzirwa seimwe nzira yekubatanidza pamwe chete. Nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa maitiro makuru emitambo: vanhu (madzinza), hutano, nyika, chitendero uye tsika.

Kutanga kwezwi

Munhu wose anoziva shoko rokuti "tsika" kune vakawanda rine zvinoreva zvakajeka. Kana kutaura nezveshanduro chaiyo, saka muchiLatin izwi rinoreva "kutengesa".

Pakutanga pfungwa ye "tsika" yakashandiswa chete nenzira chaiyo uye yakaratidza chiito. VaRoma vekare vakashandisa muzviitiko izvo vaifanira kupa kune mumwe munhu chimwe chinhu kana kuti kuroora mwanasikana. Zvadaro, zvinhu zvezvinhu zvakakonzerwa kumashure, zvakasimudzirwa shure nehuchenjeri hwakashandurwa uye unyanzvi. Nokudaro, zvinorehwa neshoko rokuti "tsika", kana kuti panzvimbo yaro semantic spectrum, rinoratidza kusiyana kukuru kubva kune zvose zvinogona kuiswa pasi peshoko iri. Tsika ndiyo iyo isiri yeumwe munhu, sezvo inoparadzirwa kubva kunze. Iko kunotora kunobatanidzwa nezvose zvakabatana nekare zvakare, izvo zvisingatauri zvakarasikirwa nehutano hwazvo, nguva dzose uye inofananidzira zvakasimba. Uye kunyatsoteerera tsika kunoponesa vazhinji kubva mukuda kwekuzvimiririra kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuita sarudzo.

Tsika uye sangano

Chizvarwa chega chega chitsva, kugamuchira zvigadzirwa zvemadzitateguru pazvinhu zvakakwana, hazvibvumi kana kuzviita mumafomu ayo akapedzwa, zvisingabatanidzi zvinyorwa zvayo pachazvo. Zvinotarisa kuti sarudzo haisaruri ramangwana rako remangwana chete, asi zvakare rakapfuura rakapera mukunze. Masangano emagariro uye sangano sevanhu vose, vachigamuchira kusarudza zvimwe zvikamu zvehutano hwevanhu, pamwe chete vachiramba vamwe. Saka, tsika dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinogona kuva dzakanaka uye dzisina kunaka.

National Heritage

Nenzira dzakawanda, tsika ndeye izvo zvinonzi chinhu chechimiro chinobuda mune rimwe chizvarwa uye chinoparadzirwa kubva kumadzitateguru kumarudzi, chakasara kwenguva yakareba. Izvi ndeyechokwadi mitemo, mitemo yekufambisa, tsika, nzira dzinofanira kuitwa. Tichifunga pamwe chete neshoko iri tsanangudzo yeshoko rokuti "nhaka", tinogona kutaura kuti pfungwa idzi dzakafanana.

Kana tikataura pamusoro pemitemo yenyika, saka aya ndiwo mitemo inoratidzwa munenge zvose. Izvi zvinoshanda kwete kungoita zvokupfeka, mararamiro uye mufambiro munharaunda yose, vanozviratidzirawo pachavo mumafambiro, zviratidzo nezvimwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa mune zvepfungwa dzevanhu. Mafungiro akadaro uye kuratidzwa kwakakosha zvikuru kumunhu, sezvo ivo ndivo vanogona kuita kuti tisaziva tisinganzwisisiki mumunhu anonyatsogona kutsanangura "ivo" uye "vatorwa" zvikamu.

Tsika dzenyika chinhu chakasikwa chakagadzirwa somugumisiro webasa rinokosha revanhu vese kana nyika, rinotungamirirwa nemabasa mupfungwa dzemunhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, mutemo unoitika muupenyu hwemhuri, mukukurukurirana, mufambiro. Tsika dzine unhu hwazvo, dzinoti dzine hukama hwakasimba, hunoenderera mberi uye kunyange hutsika. Inozivikanwa nechagara kwenguva refu, iyo iri mutongi wehutano hwemagariro evanhu.

Mazuva ano mafungiro emitsika

Kusiyana kwemitsika yenyika dzakawanda dzimwe nguva kunoshamisa. Ichokwadi kuti kune vamwe vanhu ndiyo tsika yezuva nezuva, mune imwe nyika inogona kuonekwa sechinhu chinonyadzisa. Tinogona kutaura kuti tsika ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinokosha mumitambo yenyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika. Nokudaro, kana ukasarudza kuzorora mune imwe nyika yakasiyana, iwe unofanira kutanga uzviziva iwe netsika dzayo, kuitira kuti urege kupinda mumamiriro ezvinhu anonyadzisa. Semuenzaniso, muTurkey, chimwe chetsika dzakakosha ndiko kudiwa kubvisa shangu pavanopinda mumba uye temberi. Kunyange zvakadaro, pasina mamiriro ezvinhu haagoni kukanganwa mupiro wekunwa mukombe weiyi, izvi zvinogona kuonekwa sekutukwa.

Kwete kungoita mitemo

Tsika dzetsika haisi chete mitemo yemirairo, iyi inonzi semantic inoyerera inotarisirwa kuratidzira kukwirira kwenhoroondo yenyika, ndiyo tsika dzakagadziridzwa kwemazana emakore dzakapfuura kubva kumarudzi kusvika kune mamwe marudzi kuti dzirambe dzichiratidza uye mafungiro akasiyana evanhu vayo. Somuenzaniso: nyika umo Buddhism yakapararira kutenda kuti kubata nemusoro wemunhu hakugamuchiri, sezvo kunogarwa nemweya wemunhu. Zvinosuruvarisa, munyika dzakawanda tsika dzepamutemo dzakabuda mumafashoni, zvekutaura, uye dzakarashika kukosha kwayo maererano nekufambira mberi kwekambaniki. Ndinoda kuwona kufarira kuchengetedza tsika yedu kwete kurasikirwa nehutano hwayo mune imwe nheyo yenyika.

Synonyms of the word

Izwi rokuti "tsika" ndiro zita remukadzi wechikadzi, kana zvichidikanwa, rinogona kushandiswa nemafungiro echimiro, zita (masita mazita), nhaka, tsika (mazita emutauro wepakati). Panzvimbo yeshoko rimwechete, unogona kushandiswa shoko neshoko "so", somuenzaniso: zvaive tsika, saka yakatanga . Vanyori, uye kwete ivo chete, tsika dzinonzi mitemo isina kunyorwa. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvisiri zvisiri zvomuRussia kune zita rakapiwa ndiro izwi "itihasa", iro rinoshandurwa rinoreva "ndiyo ndiyo nzira yaive". Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinotsanangurwa dzinotsanangidza izwi rokuti "tsika" mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, iyo, kunze kweiyo inoratidzwa pamusoro, tsika, kushandiswa, kushandiswa, kukosha kuri kutungamirira. Kusiyana kunofadza ndiko kushandiswa kweshoko rokuti "khashar" (izwi iro rave richinyorwa mumitauro yeTurkic uye yeTajik uye rinoreva "basa rakabatanidzwa").

Mhemberero dzechitendero

Chitendero chinewo tsika dzayo, dzinoita kuti ive yekunamata uye tsika. Mitambo yechitendero ndiyo yakagadzirirwa mafomu uye nzira dzekunamatira vanamwari (Mwari). Chimwe chezvitendero zviripo pasi pano zvinonyatsochengetedza uye zvinotsigira tsika dzayo munzira dzose, asi kazhinji kune tsika dzakawanda mune imwe neimwe chitendero, somuenzaniso: Orthodox, Katurike, kupurotesitendi - muchiKristu, Shiites uye Sunnis - muIslam, Mahayana uye Hinayana - muBuddhism. Tsika dzechitendero dzeEast dzinoita imwe nzira yekushanda pamwe nemuviri uye nehunoziva, iyo inotarisirwa kujekesa, i.e. Kuwana zvinhu zvakakwirira zvakanyanya zvekuziva kwevanhu. Tsika dzechitendero dzechiKristu dzinosanganisira kushanyira kereke, kunyengetera, kubvuma uye kukudza mazororo ezvitendero. Mazororo akakurumbira zvikuru ndeokuti Easter, Krisimasi, Kubhabhatidzwa, Utatu, Ascension, Annunciation. Uyewo, haasi tsika dzose dzinoonekwa, kana bedzi nokuti munguva yekombiyuta yemitambo vanhu vave vashoma kudanana nemadzitateguru avo. Iye zvino vashomanana vanhu vari patafura yemabiko vanokumbira kukohwa kana mvura. Zvakangoitika kuti hovha yava imwe chikonzero chekuti mhuri yose iungane pamwe chete.

Pasina zvakaitika, hapana ramangwana

Tsika ndiyo nhaka inenge isina simba, isingagamuchirwi pasina kugunun'una uye inoparidzirwa maererano nekuti madzitateguru akafa - "vatakuri" - vane izwi rakasimba muhupenyu hwevagari venhaka - "vateveri".