The kwemaindasitiri muRussia

The kwemaindasitiri - kuchinja kugadzira kugadzirwa nokuda remaoko ari fekitari. Process anobva rakakura kushandisa michina. The kwemaindasitiri yakatanga muna Russia muzana remakore rechi19, mune 30s-40s, ndokuguma 80s remakore chete.

Industrial Kuchinja yakatanga maindasitiri umo remaoko kwaisava zvakapararira. Chokutanga chaiva donje indasitiri. Cars vakatanga achiumburuka mu Stationery, jira nezvimwe kugadzirwa. Akatanga akamumutsira muchina-kuvaka makambani muMoscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod nemamwe maguta.

The kwemaindasitiri muRussia rokutanga Danho yakanga dzinoratidzwa yezviri kukura pakufamba, njanji uye steamship, pakutanga. Muna 1837 iri njanji wokutanga akasikwa. Iye akabatanidza Tsarskoye tiiviste uye St. Petersburg. Uye muna 1851 ari njanji dzakaiswa pakati St. Petersburg uye Moscow.

Industrial Kuchinja munyika vakatanga pashure pane munyika dzokuEurope zvikuru kubudirira mune zvoupfumi. Somuenzaniso, muna kuEngland okutanga mafekitari dzakatangwa muna sixties ramakore rechi18.

The kwemaindasitiri yakatanga muna Russia muna ezvinhu enyika feudal upfumi. Zvechokwadi uyu akaipa chaizvo nezvainoita kumhanya uye nzvimbo ine maindasitiri iitike. Somugumisiro, maindasitiri emakambani vari zvakaenzana vanoiswa munyika.

The kwemaindasitiri muRussia muna pakutanga kwayo chaizvo, uye akanga inozivikanwa nevamwe slowdown pakasikwa yakawanda guru. Vachibva nenhare, Entrepreneurs vazhinji havana rusununguko kodzero mumatare. Panyaya iyi, vanogona dzaisava mafekitari, vasara, zvichienderana nesimba landlords.

Industrial Kuchinja muRussia haana pave pokumuka makirasi matsva - the maindasitiri proletariat uye bourgeoisie. Izvi zvakanga nokuda kutsungirira kuti feudal zvoupfumi. Vanoita mafekitari zvinomera vaiva vanhuwo zvavo, vashandi pamutemo. Panyaya iyi, iyo Kuronga vashandi mabhizimisi haana kugara, uye vashandi pachavo aiva panzvimbo yakaderera azvipire zvinodiwa.

Wechipiri kwemaindasitiri akatanga kwezana manonwe uye eighties remakore rechi19. Panguva iyi, vanopfuura hafu zvose maindasitiri zvinhu kugadzirwa nenzira kambani, ayo takashongedzerwa uye chiutsi michini, iyo inotungamira zvokushandisa kushanda.

Industrial Kuchinja kukanganiswa (kunze donje, pepa shuga maindasitiri), simbi uye migodhi uye metallurgia, mucheka uye Whitehead Textile, zvokuimba engineering namakushe indasitiri. Panguva ino handicraft uye manufactory rwakakunda fekitari kugadzirwa.

The kwemaindasitiri yechipiri Danho aiva pachavo peculiarities ayo. Kuchinja zvawave itsva ezvinhu: nayo yakaguma serfdom, vakabata ari murimi mudiki kuchinja. kuchinja zvose izvi abvisa vazhinji zvingatadzisa paumbwe capitalist wemuTesitamende hurumende.

Mukuwedzera, takatanga kuumba maindasitiri matsva: petrochemical, muchina-building, zvemakemikari nezvimwe.

Industrial sanduko kwakakonzera kuti chidzoke nzvimbo (Baku, Krivoi Rog, Donbass), vakasununguka kubva serfdom tsika uye vachibudirira mune itsva ezvinhu socio-ezvoupfumi uye michina.

Pasina mubvunzo, zveupfumi aiva inokosha munzanga yacho. Takatanga kuumbika makirasi matsva. Mushure kuchinja maindasitiri bourgeoisie vakatanga muzadze zvinobva vehurumende, varimi, vatengesi, vanokudzwa.

Nekubata kirasi nokushingaira kuumbwa. Saka proletariat uri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvakadaro. Nekubata zvinhu zvakanga varombo, kushanda zuva raiva refu kwazvo, mutemo ushe, pakanga pasina mitemo basa, inishuwarenzi utano. Somugumisiro zviito vabati vokutanga (semuenzaniso, Morozov amurove muna 1885 yaiva) kwakaitika eighties uye nineties.