The White Sea: Sea zvinetso zvemhoteredzo

Muganhu chaivo yeRussian Federation kubva kumusoro - ndicho kweArctic Ocean. Kamwe rakatumidzwa yeGungwa mondo kana kweArctic bheseni. Nhasi muna Ocean bheseni inosanganisira matanhatu yamakungwa, iyo pamutemo kunzi Barents, White, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, chukchi. Zvinosuruvarisa yose ichi dzinongoitika munzvimbo hwapedyo zvikuru kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu. Tinotora tikanyatsoongorora paGungwa White. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo zviri anoumbwa zvinhu zvinoverengeka. Kusanganisira Climate Change, political kusaziva, kuvhima.

Sea ndokwenguva nzvimbo dzinopfuura 90 mativi makiromita uye rinosvika kudzika 350 m. Zviri pano kuti vari Solovki, Morzhovets, Mudyugsky zvitsuwa, izvo zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe munhoroondo nyika yedu. Pakutanga pazvinhu izvi akakurumbira Solovetsky wemamongi.

Localization kweGungwa White

Kunyange ndeye kweArctic Ocean, gungwa iri muna yakaoma, iri kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo Russia. Salinity rinosvika 35%. In yechando yaita chando. Kuburikidza nendima huro, uyewo fanera chokuita kuGungwa Barents. Tichibatsirwa White Sea-kuBaltic Canal ngarava vanogona kupinda Sea reBaltic, Azov, reCaspian, Black. nzira iyi yaiva kutumidza ari Volga-reBaltic. yakarurama mutsetse notional chete, vachitevedzera muganhu anotsaura Barents uye White Sea. Matambudziko Sea zvinoda pakarepo mhinduro.

Chekutanga, massively vachiparadzwa mhuka, kusanganisira zvomumvura, utachiona zvinhu zviri kutsakatika. Vamwe vamiririri fauna of kuti achigara Far North, chete anyangarika.

Chechipiri, anochinja mamiriro ivhu, iyo yava defrosted ezvinhu permafrost. Ichi pose dambudziko nokudziya, zvichiguma utsotso mazitombo echando. Chechitatu, zviri North wandei States anoitisa nemiedzo yayo zvenyukireya. Kwakadaro mabasa vakatakudzwa kubva pasi Chikwata zvokuora pakavanda, saka masayendisiti kwakaoma kunzwisisa kukura kwakaita zvakakanganiswa uye kusvibiswa somugumisiro zvenyukireya migumisiro vechokwadi. Ava nhasi dambudziko huru Gungwa White. A pfupiso pamusoro pamazita anozivikanwa pasi pose, asi zvishoma kuitwa kugadzirisa navo.

Nzvimbo Russia uye dzimwe nyika

Dambudziko rokutanga - kuparadzwa mhuka - akaiswa pasi neHurumende pakupera remakore rapfuura, apo paiva moratorium ndakashamisika mhuka, shiri nehove. Izvi akavandudzika zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda. Panguva iyoyo pasi pose dambudziko kuti kubvunda chando, uyewo kusvibiswa yenyukireya kukanganisa munhu mamiriro iwayo akaoma. Kubva izvi zvakakanganisa romumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo uye vose Sea White. dambudziko Sea munguva yemberi iri pedyo pachamera nokuda mafuta uye gasi kugadzirwa akaronga munharaunda penyanza. Izvi zvichaita kuti mamwe pakusvibiswa yomugungwa mvura.

Chokwadi chokuti nzvimbo kweArctic Ocean vachiri hamuzi munhu. Nyika dzakawanda mubasa carve they-nzvimbo. Naizvozvo, kugadzirisa yomuka nyaya chakaoma. Panguva dzakawanda vanochiva mibvunzo miviri: kushandiswa zvoupfumi kweArctic chicherwa pfuma uye zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro kweArctic Ocean. Uyezve, kukura deposits nefteuglerodnyh zvinosuruvarisa riri pokutanga. Chero bedzi mamiriro pamwe nekuchiva zvavakagoverwa Continental echiShinto, hunhu ari kutambudzwa zvikuru matambudziko, biobalance chibharo. Zvino nguva apo dzakawanda anotanga kuita kuti akaunganidza matambudziko, haisati hwakaiswa.

Russia akatarisa mamiriro zvakatipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu North Basin sokunge kubva kunze. nyika yedu anonetseka chete nemhenderekedzo kuchamhembe uye Gungwa White. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo havagoni chete kuva pamusoro chete nzvimbo - icho nyaya kuti anofanira akaswedera munyika yose.

Chii pokutanga?

Kukura mafuta Minda vanhu vanobatsira kuti mberi kukanganisika kwezvakapoteredza. Usarega chero tsime udzamu, kana nokuwanda, kana kuti nharaunda inogona kunzi dzezvakatipoteredza ngozi. Zvinogona vakafunga kuti mafuta nemigodhi akawanda ichavakwa panguva. Matsime achaitwa riri chinhambwe kubva mumwe uye nokudaro ndezvaMwari kunyika dzakasiyana.

Migumisiro yokuedzwa yenyukireya inogona kudziviswa, uye achinyatsochida kuita, asi muna North aite wokunatswa matanho vari zvinodhura chaizvo nokuda mamiriro ezvinhu permafrost. Uyezve, nepo nokuti nyika kwete yakasimbiswa zviri pamutemo basa munzvimbo idzi. kwezvakatipoteredza nezvokunetseka Sea White vakanga vadzidza zvakanakisisa. Muchidimbu vakaedza kupa komiti pamwe Russian kushumira Emergency Zvinozivikanwa, kufungidzira pamwe makuru kuitika.

impermanent permafrost

Muganhu kuSiberia permafrost kumadokero chikamu kuramba ochinja nokuda kwepasi pose. Saka, maererano njodzi Ushumiri, muna 2030 izvozvo kuchaita kuti 80. Nhasi bhuku nokusingaperi icing at ipfupi ne 4 masendimita pagore.

Izvi zvingaita kuti chokwadi kuti munharaunda Russia mumakore gumi namashanu dzimba wemari yokuchamhembe inogona kuparadzwa 25%. Izvi imhaka yokuti kuvakwa dzimba ikoko kunoitika Via dzokutyaira inoungana mu permafrost rukoko. Kana avhareji tembiricha inokwira kunyange madhigirii shoma, aitaridzika vanokwanisa rokuvambwa ipfupi nehafu. Njodzi Vakafumurawo pevhu kuchengetera mafuta uye zvimwe zvivako maindasitiri. Migwagwa uye dzendege, zvakare, unogona kutambura.

Kana kunyunguduka mazitombo echando , pane imwe ngozi chokuita nokuwedzera kuchamhembe nzizi. Makore mashoma apfuura zvakanzi vaifungidzira kuti inzwi ravo muchirimo 2015 achawanda 90%, zvichikonzera rinorema mafashamo. Mafashamo zvinokonzera kuparadzwa mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo, uye pane mukana apo motokari iri mikuru. On mundima rwokumusoro, apo kweGungwa White, matambudziko zvakafanana kuSiberia.

udzamu kutendeuka

Nokuti kwezvakatipoteredza kuri ngozi methane gasi asunungurwa kubva muvhu panguva kunyunguduka mazizaya zvakadzika. Methane kunowedzera tembiricha repasi chadenga. Mukuwedzera, gasi inokanganisa utano hwevanhu vane vemo.

In kweArctic mumakore 35 apfuura, uwandu chando zvikanyauka mamiriyoni 7.2 mamiriyoni 4,3 mativi makiromita. Izvi zvinoreva zvinoderedza permafrost nharaunda kubudikidza anenge 40%. Pakukora echando yave yakaderera nezvikamu vanenge hafu. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zvakanaka. Panguva South Pole kubvunda chando akakonzera kwenyika nokuda inoratidza yezvakaita uchanyangadika. Mune North, ichi zvichiitika zvishoma nezvishoma, uye zvinonyatsorehwa mamiriro ezvinhu zvikuru oneka. Kuti vave nechokwadi pangozi vaigara kuchamhembe ndima Moe utungamiri akasarudza kushongedzera zviviri dzakaitwa Novaya Zemlya, New Siberian Islands uye yomugungwa mahombekombe.

A ngozi itsva chirongwa

On the zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro zvakunoita zvikuru pakuvaka hydraulic zvivako, zvakadai sesimba miti. kuvaka kwavo zvinoreva pamwero mukuru nezvainoita zvakatipoteredza.

On munharaunda yeGungwa White ndiye Mezenskaya koira - Tidal simba - inokanganisa zvose mvura uye pamusoro nenzvimbo uye zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu munyika. Kuvaka TPP kunotungamirira zvikurukuru nokuchinja yepanyama mvura riparadzirwe. Paivakwa mai pakati dura iri tinoshandurirwa akafanana dziva rine zvakasiyana ndatsamwa uye pamusoro.

Ndezvipi dzezvakatipoteredza kutya?

Zvechokwadi, muna muitiro mazano zvakaoma, mainjiniya vakakwanisa afanotaura nezvainoita yomunharaunda biosystem, Gungwa White. Zvisinei, dambudziko gungwa, ndiyo kungangoitika chete munguva wezvokutengeserana kuvhiyiwa, uye ouinjiniya kuongorora vave kushanda mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo ikoroji.

Kana koira ari kushanda, akaderedza chinozunguzirwa simba, uye kunokanganisa pamusoro vasakukurwa yeminda chando, kushandura kuerera hwechiKomonisiti. izvi zvose zvichaita kuti vachinje sechivako sediments nemuGungwa uye mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzvimbo mafuta inoita basa rinokosha biocenosis enyika. Paivakwa simba chirimwa onshore deposits achaiswa hwakatamisirwa kudzika mukanyiwa ari muchimiro kuturika, uye vachatambura ose Sea White. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo ichava makasimba sezvo kumahombekombe nechokuchamhembe mumakungwa havasi zvakatipoteredza ushamwari, saka kana iwe akadonhera pamhenderekedzo ari kudzika ivhu kunokonzera yakasviba yechipiri.

Dambudziko - sokunge nendiro munyu mugungwa

Kudzidza zvinhu zvipenyu zviri kweArctic nhasi ndiyo kiyi yakachengeteka mamiriro zviriko mashomanana emakore. Pamwe chikamu mahombekombe kweArctic Ocean akanga pasi chaizvo kudzidza kunzvimbo dzakadaro zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, Gungwa White. dambudziko nenyanza yeLaptev asati kudzidza. Ndokusaka ichangopfuura pano akanga akashongedzerwa duku rwendo.

Masayendisiti anondibhadharira kambani mafuta "Rosneft". The rwendo akaenda vashandi Murmansk Marine Biological Institute. Masayendisiti makumi mana vakaita vashandi chikepe "Zelentsy Far". Chinangwa basa rakazivisa mutungamiri wayo Dmitry Ishkulov. Maererano Ishkulov, Zvinokosha kwaiva kudzidza mararamiro ose Links, kuwana ruzivo pamusoro zvipenyu uye zvipenyu ezvinhu egungwa.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti ari munharaunda nenyanza yeLaptev kurarama hove sezvo diki uye yehuku, uyewo mhuka huru yakadai Bheya rakamira pachando, whale. Zvinofungirwa kuti mudziyo wokushambidzira kuchamhembe dura ndiwo kunozivikanwa Sannikov Land.

Sezvo musangano mushandirapamwe, zvakafanana uchishanda yakadaro chakakomba mari Musakukurwa kunze kwokutanga kweArctic kupfuura.