TPP - ndechokuti? Ukrainian TPPs

Ukrainian simba rinoumbwa simba urwu makambani pakubhadhara zvose zvinobvira - chafariz simba anosima, Hydroelectric simba dzemapurisa, simba renyukireya zvirimwa. Kutsiga wokutanga mhando iri kunetseka kwazvo magetsi ezvoupfumi kuderera riri nokuda kwakaderedza nemigove marasha pamwe Donbass.

Kutsunga TPP

Saka, TES - simba chirimwa, iro simba zviumbu riri kutanga kutendeuka makemikari simba combusted yeHydrocarbon fuel (marasha, gasi, mafuta) kupinda chafariz simba pamusoro hwemvura, uye ipapo zvokuimba simba rotor inodzingwa turbines uye synchronous emagetsi, uye pakupedzisira kupinda zvemagetsi simba noku ari windings ari stator kuti simba afoot.

TPP anogona kuva simba guru utilities inokwana zviuru zvakawanda MW, uye duku zvinhu kubvira zana shoma KW dzinoverengeka MW.

Nokuda basa ravo nguva dzose achiperekedzwa combustion ane yeHydrocarbon huni akabuda kuti mhepo hombe Vhoriyamu flue gasi, ivo TES - chinhu chakakura kusvibisa chinokonzera kwezvakatipoteredza. Saka, basa makambani aya anogara pasi kuongororwa sezvo basa rinoitirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuzvidzora uye veruzhinji.

kupatsanura TPP

It rinoitwa pachishandiswa magadzirirwe simba ravo dzakabatana. Several marudzi akasiyana.

1. bhaira-turbine chafariz simba miti - ES chinhu fanira danho iri kugadzirwa chiutsi. Sezvo chikamu simba ravo zviumbu vari chiutsi boilers uye chiutsi turbines. Pakati pavo vane:

• Condensation ES (IES). MuSoviet nguva vakadaidzwa yoruwa simba mamiriro (TPP). Ivo kubereka chete magetsi.

• Combined kupisa uye simba (CHP). Makambani aya vane, mukusiyana kuna IES, kunze magetsi kugadzirwa, vachiwedzera kuva Zvaiitwa kugadzirwa hwemvura uye mvura inopisa kuti kudziyisa.

2. Gas turbine ES. Ava Energoagregat hapana chiutsi boilers, gasi turbines uye nemotokari simba kutenderera inopisa flue magasi zvinoberekwa nokupisa mafuta (negasi, Diesel chinotsva).

3. Combined-kutenderera chafariz simba chirimwa - ane analogue pamusoro CHP umo chiutsi rinobudiswa nokuda residual kupisa flue magasi asunungurwa gasi turbines.

4. Diesel Electric.

5. zvabatanidzwa ES.

General Zvinoitwa Energy rweUkraine

Nyika ine mana renyukireya simba anosima, ari kupindana shanu simba Hydroelectric yemapurisa pamusoro Dnieper, Dniester PSP, vanoverengeka Hydroelectric simba dzemapurisa pamusoro dzokuTranscarpathia nzizi, uyewo vanenge makumi mashanu TPP uye CHPP kugona siyana - kubva 20 MW (Lviv TPP-1) kusvika 3600 MW, inova kupfuura chafariz simba chirimwa - Zaporizhia. Rine chete simba uye Uglegorsk TPS, asi zviri pedyo pavanotaurirana rwokuyera Donbass, uye anoshanda chikamu-nguva.

In Ukraine ari Yakabatana Energy System (UES), izvo zvinosanganisira nemana TPP, ina renyukireya simba anosima, nomwe hydropower zvinomera, vatatu pumped kuchengetwa, uyewo makumi mapfumbamwe nomwe CHP, duku Hydroelectric simba pazviteshi, mhepo mapurazi, nezvimwewo inge. Ndakamisa kugona Electric ECO Ukraine ndiyo 53.780.000 kWh . Muna 2012 vakanga yabereka 198 119 000 000 KW ∙ H magetsi.

In ichi renyukireya simba chirimwa inopiwa mudanga simba pasinei nemambure nguva zuva, uye TPP Ukraine, pamwe yayo HPP achibata shanduka vachikwanisa, zvemapuranga diurnal twi.

Huru simba urwu kambani

Centralized magetsi Kugadzirwa muna Ups rweUkraine akatakura ES kuva vanomwe makambani simba urwu. Izvi, makambani mana ane zvachose akagadzawo inokwana mamiriyoni 18.2 KW - "Kyivenergo", "Dniproenergo", "Zapadenergo" "Vostokenergo" - chikamu Donetsk Fuel uye Energy Company (DTEK), iyo, kuburikidza kwayo vakabata kambani "System Capital Management" anodzora oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. Small kambani "Donbassenergo" ine akagadzawo inokwana mamiriyoni 2,855 KW anodzora kambani "Energoinvest Holding" kubva Donetsk. Pakupedzisira, vaviri Makambani yasara vari pasi pesimba hurumende. Izvi "Centerenergo" pamwe akagadzawo inokwana mamiriyoni 7,575 kilowatts uye Nak "Enerhoatom 'pamwe akagadzawo inokwana 14, mamiriyoni 140 kilowatts.

Zvinetso Ukrainian TPPs

The chikuru dambudziko kunokosha zvinoderedza nerubatsiro marasha kubva Donbass, uyewo kushaya mari kutenga kwayo. marasha dhefisiti idambudziko zvakafanana munzvimbo dzose uye simba urwu makambani.

Zvakatanga June uye dzokuchengetera CHP achiri hafu-chinhu. March naApril mu marasha chafariz simba miti Ukraine yakawedzera kubva 750 kusvika 850 zviuru. Matani. Uye kuponesa kusvika pakutanga kudziyisa mwaka, kushoma mamiriyoni 3 matani, uye kunyange nani - mamiriyoni 4 matani marasha kusvika.

Kana dzokuchengetera vakazadzwa chete kunonoka, ipapo chando kuchaita -wedzera hapana zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 1.3-1.5 matani marasha. Panguva shomanana mumatanda okupedzisira chando taifanira kuzozivisa muitiro tikaisa blackouts, uye ECO nyika vasina dzakaparara chete nokuda Russian marasha uye magetsi.

Zvisinei, last chando chaiva kudziya. Kana chando zvichava zvikuru, uye marasha rucharamba sezvo matambudziko duku dzinotanga ipapa uye zvikuru kubatsira vagari uye mabhizimisi (izvo zvichiri mberi).

Muzhizha TPP tinofanira kushanda kuderedzwa kuitira kuti ayo ECO dhefisiti rinosvika mamiriyoni 3 KW. Maererano zvakaitika gore rapera, kumavambo yechando inogona hwakawedzera kusvika mamiriyoni 6 KW, uye ipapo pasi mamiriro kuti zvaisazova mupopoti frosts zvakaoma.

Recent kubudirira mune simba zvekutepfenyura rweUkraine

Pakapera May, pakanga maviri zviitiko mukuru-Profile chokuita TPP chemabhazi. Nokudaro, boka "Donbassenergo" Slavyanskaya TPS akamira, uye hurumende kambani "Centrenergo" - kushanda Zmiev TPP muna Kharkiv mudunhu.

Panyaya iyi, mudzivire necheSalvic TPP wayo vakapomera Ukrainian mamiriro, kambani vakaramba kubhadhara pave magetsi. Dambudziko rine pachena enyika nechimiro chokureva, kubva imwe chekambani chafariz simba chirimwa "Donbassenergo" - Starobeshevskaya - riri Dni. The zvachose chikwereti ehurumende kambani "Energy", vaitungamirira misha yose energogeneneriruyuschimi uye simba nerubatsiro makambani, pamberi "Donbassenergo" nhasi rinosvika inenge $ mamiriyoni 72 panguva ano Exchange.

Zmiev TPP yakaganhuka basa chete nokuti kushaya marasha, ndiro chete zvakakwana chete chikwata. Zvisinei, zviri zvemari disadvantageous. Naizvozvo, ravarwi anotarisira kuponesa marasha maviri nematatu dzakabatana.