Trans-Baikal Cossacks: nhoroondo, tsika, tsika, uye muupenyu

Trans-Baikal Cossacks - mabhanan'ana Samurai - vaiva okumudzivo dzaiperera Motherland uye nhare sezvakarayirwa statehood. Zvikuru ushingi, kusarudza, dzidzo simba, ivo nguva dzose akaikunda muvengi yepamwoyo dzakabatana.

nyaya

Trans-Baikal Cossacks kutanga akazviratidza ari forties ari namasere remakore, apo Don uye Orenburg vakazvipira kutamira undeveloped nyika zvikuru itsva Russian. Pano, nokuti mamiriro anopa mikana zvikuru pave chicherwa pfuma, uwandu iyo chamuita kuti ngano. Border vavakidzani kumabvazuva uye kwete rugare chaizvo kuva kudzivirira, uye nani kupfuura Trans-Baikal Cossacks, hazvingaiti munhu aigona kuita.

Aidawo aiva chenguva dzose uye vakasvinurira kudzora vomunzvimbo - the Buryats, izvo zvichiri aitambudza ropa Genghis Khan, ivo Tungus, avo regai kuvimba mutorwa. Trans-Baikal Cossacks sezvinoita Baton mberi. Zviri dzavo dzakanga yakatora kuti umambo Ural, Orenburg, Siberia. Nhare pamusoro Angara uye Lena akaisa nemachinda Cossack dzakabatana uye Perfilieva Beketov, uye pakati vokutanga vatsvakurudzi, tichiri kukudza gamba renyika, Cossack mupanguri Semona Dezhnova.

Yenzendo dzokutanga

First kuna Lake Baikal Ndine Kurbat Ivanov ake Cossacks. Ipapo vakatanga kwakapararira kugarwa mhiri Baikal, makasimbiswa uye akasimbisa noushamwari pamwe zvemo, vakanga vakadzidziswa uye kunyange kazhinji zvaisanganisira mu murwiyo weuto. Trans-Baikal Cossacks, nhoroondo iri chokuita munhimbe Erofey Pavlovich Khabarova (1649), akanga dzakabatanidzwa yokuRussia Amur nharaunda, uye muna 1653 rakanga kare yakavakwa Chita kujeri - guta guru remangwana Trans-Baikal Cossacks. Pauro zita Beketov, mumwe Cossack, uyo akaisa guta Chita, yakakurumbira nhasi. Russia chinokura ndima itsva, akapfuma zvikuru, akanaka uye anobatsira.

Kuna Cossacks vaigona achifambirana kumabvazuva, ane nhare Baikal aingova zvakakodzera. Wakasvika nyanzvi, pave upenyu uye upenyu mhiri Baikal Cossacks, sangano Cossack zvose itsva regiments kuti pakati namasere remakore yakaumbwa muna pamuganhu mauto. By munzira, Buryats nokuti ayo militancy vakauya kunyika mbiri-akawanikwa nokuda kwavo zvakasikwa uye vakadzidziswa echiShinto zhinji zvakananga kusimbaradza miganhu. Pasinei nokuti muganhu pamutemo pamwe kuMongolia ndisipo, uye kunyange chitarisiko Russian muManchuria munzvimbo idzi mukasagamuchirwa, ndingadaro, nekusiyana, kutama kwakanga kunofanira. Saka akasikwa zvizere uye panguva isati yamboitwa unhu Cossacks.

ambit

Mukutanga namapfumbamwe remakore pamuganhu wokumabvazuva akatotanga vakaumba mutsetse refu akakombwa nemisasa (nhare), yakavakwa ne Cossacks. Nechemberi chinyakare vakasimuka nharire - "atarisire", apo gore rose uye kumativi wachi nzvimbo dzaiva Cossacks shoma. Kuramba kutumira mumwe nechokumuganhu guta mumakomo uye steppes nokuongorora - Boka maviri nemashanu zana Cossacks.

Kureva Cossacks Trans-Baikal nharaunda kuumba Mobile muganhu mutsetse. It notifies iwe muvengi uye akakwanisa dzinga muvengi pamusoro yavo. Asi zvakanga zvisiri Cossacks zvakakwana pamusoro pamuganhu mutsetse yakareba zvakadaro. Zvino mambo resettles zhinji "achifamba vanhu" kumabvazuva wokumusoro nechokumuganhu basa. Nhamba Cossacks muna Transbaikalia yawedzera zvinoshamisa. Zvino wevakadzidza kuziva Trans-Baikal Cossack mauto - muna March 1871.

Gavhuna-General

Ini vakwira pamwe nenzira iyi kudzivirira kumabvazuva miganhu N. N. Muravov, uyo aiva chirongwa pakusikwa Cossack mauto, uye Kesari uye gurukota War nokuzvidira vanotenderwa basa iri. On kumucheto nyika yakakura iyi zvakanga kusika uto rakasimba, iyo aigona kukwikwidzana chero muvengi. Unosanganisira kwete chete Don uye Siberian Cossacks, asi Buryat uye Tungus inotungamirwa. Rikakura, uye murimi mudiki nevanhu Transbaikalia.

Kuwanda mauto yakasvika zviuru gumi nezvisere, rimwe nerimwe akatanga basa namanomwe, uye akaenda zororo chete mashanu nemasere. upenyu hwake hwose raiwanzobatana kudzivirira kumuganhu. Pano, zvichienderana basa vakaumba tsika Trans-Baikal Cossacks, sezvo avo wose upenyu, uye zvokurera vana, uye rufu pacharwo vakabatana pamwe kudzivirira ehurumende. Pashure 1866 ari kutaurwa upenyu basa rave wakaderedzwa kusvika makore makumi maviri nemaviri, ndaneta chete reuto aiva chaiyo kopi bumbiro iri Don mauto.

Ugamba uye kukundwa

Hapana uto mukakavadzane emakore, kwete pasina kutora chikamu mhiri Baikal Cossacks. Chinese danidziro - vakanga vokutanga kupinda Beijing. Hondo Mukden uye Port Arthur - a Cossacks akashinga nziyo saka kure. Uye Russian-Japanese Hondo Yenyika Vokutanga pamwe yezvechitendero simba, kusimba uye ushingi varwi nerokuchema zabaykaltsev. Zvienderane Trans-Baikal Cossacks - rima girini yunifomu yellow mitsetse - kutya Japan Samurai, uye kana nhamba yavo asingadi kusapfuudza Cossacks nguva dzinopfuura shanu, havana kuda kurwiswa. Hongu, uye kazhinji hunorasika vazhinji.

Pakazosvika 1917, Cossack hondo Baikal varipo kare 260 zviuru vanhu. Paiva 12 misha makuru uye 69 nemisha uye 15 ugari. Ivo akadzivirira mambo emakore, akamushumira akatendeka kusvikira pakupedzisira donhwe reropa, nekuti chimurenga havana kugamuchirwa, uye muna Civil War kusarudza akarwa Red Army. Yaiva nguva yokutanga apo havana kukunda nekuti chikonzero dzavo zvakanaka. Saka muna Harbin akaumba kupfuura purazi, hwakasikwa maererano extruded kubva Russia Trans-Baikal Cossacks.

nyika

Chokwadi, pamusoro mutsva hurumende yeSoviet kwete vose Trans-Baikal Cossacks vakarwa, paiva vaya vaitsigira Mavara. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda vakasiya achitungamirirwa Baron Ungern uye Ataman Semyonov uye pakupedzisira dzakaguma China. Uye pano muna 1920, mumwe nomumwe Cossack mauto akanga simba Soviet kupera, kuti unoparara. In muManchuria nemhuri dzavo aigona siya chete anenge gumi nemashanu muzana ari Trans-Baikal Cossacks, kwavainzwa akasika Tryokhrechye - nhamba misha.

Kubva China imwe nguva Vakavhiringidza Soviet pamuganhu vachirwisa, asi aiziva kusabatsira uye akakiyiwa. Ivo vakagara tsika dzavo, nzira yavo youpenyu kusvikira 1945, apo uto eSoviet yakatanga inogumbura musi muManchuria. Ndiyo akasuruvara chaizvo nguva apo hunofukidza transbaikalian Cossack mauto anopararira zvachose. Vamwe vakatama mberi - kuAustralia - uye vakagara Queensland, vamwe vakadzokera kumusha, asi kwete Trans-Baikal mudunhu, uye muna Kazakhstan, uko kwakati kwatemwa mumusha macho. Zvizvarwa vakavhengana kuroorana kubva China hamuna kusiya.

dzokera

Guta guru Trans-Baikal Cossack nguva dzose aifanira kuverenga. Makore mashoma apfuura pane yakavhurwa shongwe Petru Beketovu, Cossack, muvambi guta rino. History zvishoma kudzorerwa, achidzoka upenyu uye netsika mhiri Baikal Cossacks. Ko kuedza kudzorera vakarasika ruzivo - maererano mapikicha ekare, tsamba, diaries, uye zvimwe zvinyorwa.

Above unogona kuona mapikicha Yokutanga Verkhneudinsky chemazana chehondo, iyo yaiva chikamu Cossack mauto. Panguva kupfura chemazana chehondo ndaiva refu - biennial - iri bhizimusi rwendo muMongolia, umo kuchinja kwakaitika muna 1911. Zvino tinoziva kuti Cossacks akatsigira kwaari, akadzikatidza Chinese mauto, wairindwa kukurukurirana uye, chokwadi, noumhare, sezvo nguva dzose, vakarwa. Mongolian kwidza vakasvimha anozivikanwa. Izvi zvakanga kupfuura chero panotaurwa panguva haana kunyange Ataman Semyonov uye Cossack mukuru, uyo akapedza kukunda vakawanda vaiti iye pachake.

Uye pakanga vanhu zvikuru mukuru-zvinobhururuka - kunyange remangwana White vemauto. Somuenzaniso, muna Photo kumusoro - G. A. Verzhbitsky, uyo akatadza zvakasimba storming ane haripindiki nhare Chinese - Sharasume.

tsika

The Board agara Cossacks vari muchiuto, pasinei nokuti vari zvose misha zvechiuto akanga kunyanya dzakabudirira zvokurima, mombe ruminant uye ounyanzvi akasiyana. Basa chaizvoizvo chinorondedzerwa, uye upenyu, uye navamwe upenyu Cossack, zvisinei kwenzvimbo yake muchiuto. Autumn yakaitirwa Romumunda, chando chakanga muhondo kudzidzisa, akadzokorora charters. Kunyange zvakadaro, udzvinyiriri uye kusaruramisira dzinenge yaisangana Cossacks, paiva chinonyanya gutsaruzhinji. Akakunda nyika uye saka vakanzwa kodzero yenyu.

Men kunyange kushanda muminda, kuvhima uye kuredza hove akadzingirira dzokurwa yakaita hondo: marudzi anongofamba vakanga vakasanyeverwa pamusoro kurwisa. Kubva paucheche wajaira mabhiza uye maoko vana, kunyange vasikana. Vakadzi vasara munhare, kana yose mukono vakawanda yaiva hondo, nguva zhinji vakabudirira vamutye ari vachirwisa kubva kunze. Kuenzana ari Cossacks vagara. Setsika, vaitungamirira nzvimbo vakasarudzwa vanhu vari akachenjera, matarenda uye kuva mukuru pachake makodzero. Kwamachinda, upfumi, mavambo hapana basa iri musarudzo haana kutamba. Uye kuteerera atamans uye Zvaitongwa Cossack denderedzwa unquestioningly zvose kubva kumuduku kusvikira huru.

kutenda

Vafundisi yakanga akasarudzwa - zvikuru zvechitendero uye kuverenga vanhu. Mupristi aiva mudzidzisi vose, uye zano rake nguva dzose akatevera. The Cossacks vaiva zvikuru kushivirira vanhu nguva idzodzo, pasinei ivo pachavo vari zvikuru, kunyange vakazvipira, vakazvipira Orthodoxy. Kushivirira nokuti kuti nguva dzose ari Cossack mauto akanga Old Vatendi, vaBhudha, Mohammedans.

Chikamu kweShanduro danidziro zvaireva kereke. Zvavovo kwagara norupo akabvisa nesirivha, nendarama, mireza dzinodhura uye kitchenware. Life Cossacks kunzwisisa sezvo basa kuna Mwari uye yababa, nekuti haana vaiva hafu-heartedly. bhizimisi Chero akaita flawlessly.

Rights uye mitoro

Tsika dziri Cossacks vakadaro kuti pane mukadzi anova ruremekedzo uye kuremekedza (uye kodzero) sevanhu. Kana Cossack achitaura mukadzi akwegura, anofanira kumira, kwete kugara. In vakadzi munyaya Cossacks haana raimuvhiringidza, asi nguva dzose wairindwa vakadzi, kuchengetedza nokudzivirira nokukudzwa kwavo uye chiremera. Saka asunga remangwana vose vanhu. Interests Cossacks aigona kumirira baba, murume, munin'ina, mwanakomana, godson.

Kana Cossack - chirikadzi kana mukadzi chete, zvino inodzivirira munhu Ataman. Uyezve, iye aigona kusarudza kuti amene murevereri vomumusha. Chero zvazvingava, nguva dzose aiva kuteerera chero simba, uye kuva nechokwadi kubatsira. Cossack ose vanofanira kuomerera dzokuzvibata: tarisa zvose zvekare vanhu sezvo baba vavo namai, uye mumwe musikana Cossack - kufanana munun'una wake, mumwe Cossack - sezvinoita hama, mwana ose - kuda sezvo yavo. Marriage idzvene kuti Cossack. sakaramendi ichi Christian, mutsvene. Hapana aigona kupindira muupenyu hwemhuri pasina kukokwa kana chikumbiro. Basa rokugovera kuti zvose zvinoitika mumhuri, murume kunounza.

upenyu

Hut Trans-Baikal Cossacks noruzhowa dzinenge nguva dzose zvakafanana: dzvuku pakona pamwe mifananidzo, tafura-uglovichkom, rava pedyo Bhaibheri yeshinda ngowani uye makenduru. Dzimwe nguva iri pedyo, uye kuzvikudza mhuri - a gramophone kana piyano. Kurusvingo - nguva dzose kwazvo vakapfeka nemubhedha, zvenhaka, pamwe mapatani umo huru-vanasekuru achizorora. A Kuzvikudza chaiye Cossacks - hwakarongwa valance pamubhedha, resi nezvakarukwa pillowcases pamusoro dzakawanda pamakusheni.

kazhinji vasati mubhedha ichimuremera kutsiga. Nechepedyo pane bhokisi hombe, vairinda vomusikana roora, uyewo Pamakafamba muchipfuva, nguva dzose vakagadzirira hondo kana basa. Pamadziro - yakawanda dzakarukwa, Portraits nemapikicha. Mukicheni - yakaisvonaka nadraennaya cookware, simbi, samovar, mumaturi, majagi. Shop pamwe migomo mvura. A chena muchoto nezvose zvaiva - hove uye hari.

The Kuronga Trans-Baikal Cossacks

Pakutanga, pane vaivapo uye Evenki (Tungus) uto idzodzo. Mauto akaparadzirwa sezvinotevera: matatu aifamba nemabhiza regiments uye rutsoka brigades nhatu (pakutanga wechitatu - Russian pasherefu, wechina - the Tunguska, rechishanu nerechitanhatu - Buryat) vakarinda muganhu uye akatakura mukati basa, uye kana muna 1854, akanga akaita Rafting pamusoro Amur uye anotsanangura muganhu namagwatidziro pamwe nevamwe muganhu, paivawo hondo Amur Cossack. Nokuti mumwe, Trans-Baikal, mutsetse uyu muganhu waiva yakarebesa.

Mukupera navapfumbamwe uye mangwanani emakore maviri zabaykaltsy hwakaratidza yorunyararo Guards makumi mashanu, vana vatasvi vemabhiza regiments maviri atirari mabhatiri. War akabvunza zvakawanda: bhiza-pfumbamwe regiments, matatu handingadariki namakumi mana atirari mabhatiri kuwedzera pamusoro apa. Cossack Vagari basa 265 zviuru vakatakura vanopfuura zviuru gumi vanhu.

chipo

Pamwe kugadzirisa Trans-Baikal Cossacks waitanga kumutsidzirwa: paKokorodzano muMoscow muna 1990 Great Cossack denderedzwa, apo kwakasarudzwa kuti vakiridza ari Trans-Baikal Cossacks. Papera Just gore zvasvika zvakaitika kusvikira kurongwa Ensemble. Inonzi - "Trans-Baikal Cossacks." Ataman akasarudzwa muna Chita, zvakava muna 2010 , Sergei Bobrov. Uye muna 2011, izvozvo rave akacherechedza gore-gore 160 kubva pakuonekwa Cossacks Baikal.

Hymn Trans-Baikal Cossacks akaramba rinenge chete pane akaimba inodikanwa Zabaykal, regai kubvisa chivharo ake kana pamberi rimwe simba muvengi, chaizvo zvokudetemba vasonanidza kupinda zvitema kweLake Baikal ari sunbeam akafanana Cossack mitsetse (tsvuku), uyewo anoimba pamusoro rudo Russia, pamusoro ndangariro vakashumira madzitateguru ake .