Trigeminal remitemo uye dzichipfekeka chairema magene remitemo

Vagari ino yokutanga angangorema upenyu zvishoma. Shanduka mirayiridzo zvose zvipenyu kuenda kune nguva refu noupenyu muviri kuti abudirire kuchinjira kumamiriro zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu, kukura zvigadziriswe kuchinja uye nomukana kupararira ruzivo hwakazotevera nezvizvarwa. Sikai Organic mamorekuru maererano nepurani akabvumira upenyu Panyika kuti vawane nzvimbo uye dzinotanga pakukura. The mashandiro ari chizvaro kuchengetera uye kupararira magene mashoko kuva kwegadziriro nemagene Coding, apo mukuru zvinoriumba - kushanda chairema majini remitemo.

The nechepakati dzidziso ezvinhu zvipenyu

Nhodzera - Nde chezvinonhuwira zvipenyu chamazuva upenyu. Nature akasika zvigadziriswe hutachiwana uye kubereka yokugara mashoko yeEncoding kuti mapuroteni zviri murwiyo cheni nucleic acids. Mashandiro anoita nucleic acids (DNA uye RNA) - kuchengeta mashoko uye kushandisa nayo nemamiriro mapurotini. Uye mapuroteni kubudikidza metabolic siyana vakatakura phenotypic kutaura mashoko ichi. The majini Bumbiro - Linear chizvaro kuchengeta mashoko puroteni mamiriro kuburikidza pakunyora ayo vatatu vaiva nucleotides ari nucleic asidhi cheni. Duku dzichipfekeka chairema magene remitemo kuti rine mashoko pamusoro shoma STRUCTURAL chairema mapuroteni - a triplet pamusoro nucleotides vari DNA kana RNA cheni. mashoko kuitwa chinopfuudzwa nezvimwe RNA uye mapuroteni mamorekuru kubva DNA kuna mRNA uye mRNA.

Universal Coding hurongwa

On kunzwisisa masero remitemo zvesayenzi zvakatorera remakore, uye ayo kuwedzera - chete gumi. Sezvo pakatanga pfungwa nemamiriro DNA kaviri akamonyoroka (1953, Watson uye Crick) pakunzwisisa basa rake sezvo nhaka zvinhu, uye akatanga kutsvaka earufabheti, izvo zvakanyorwa pamusoro mashoko ayo. Pfungwa yokuti dzichipfekeka chairema majini code, mumwe nucleotide pakarepo vasingagoni kumira kutsoropodzwa. Four nopindirana nucleotide (adein, guanine, cytosine uye thymine) DNA aigona encode mapuroteni 21 amino acids. Mathematicians, yefizikisi uye zvipenyu zviri kuitika mu kutsvaka imwe yeEncoding maitiro uye nokukurumidza vakawana kuti rimwe amino asidhi Coding kutevedzana kwezviitiko nucleotides matatu. Nokudaro, chadzo chairema magene remitemo - iri triplet pamusoro nucleotides, basa kwetunhu ane puroteni amino acid. Vatatu (codons) pamusoro 64, iyo 61 - ichi pfungwa codons (yeEncoding amino acid), uye akasara 3 - maturo. havazinozvinetsa kutakura mashoko pamusoro amino acid, uye ave rurege codon kutangisa kana ndakapedza kwetunhu puroteni Morekuru.

Triplet - kushanda chairema magene remitemo

Biopolymer nucleic iine acid Morekuru ine monomers - nucleotides. Avo, akavapindurawo, kuumba DNA kuramba iyo ine transcription kwacho mashoko chakasvitswa kuna mRNA maererano kuverenga puranga, apo ruduku bumbiro ukoshi ane triplet pamusoro nucleotides - t. kuverenga puranga runoita unidirectionally, uye ane zvakajeka nemagene remitemo uye degeneracy kuti unambiguity (redundancy).

Pointedness uye kusiyana

Triplet mashoko ari inonzwisisika, i.e. nhamba 1 t -1 amino asidhi haisi variably. Amino asidhi inogona encoded uye vatatu akawanda, asi chaizvo triplet - imwe amino acid. kuverenga furemu anogara tiite zvakafanana nhungamiro, uye izvi imhaka pamberi vatatu, kumharuro verenga uye kupedza nayo. Izvi anochengeta kutsiga puroteni mamiriro. Chimwe pfuma vatatu - disjointness. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nucleotide iri hazvo chikamu vatatu, asi chete chete.

The dzinongoitika redundancy

The degeneracy of (redundancy) the majini remitemo - iri kuchengeteka kumucheto romuti muviri. Iye anochengeta masero pamusoro kukuvadza anokonzerwa kunotouraya. Mumwe dzichipfekeka chairema magene remitemo chaidzo kuzvitsinhanisa 1, 2 uye 3 nucleotides vari triplet. Saka, 9 positional vokutsiva nechimwe triplet nucleotide vokutsiva nechimwe 4-1 = 3 zvinoita musimboti, uye somugumisiro tawana 61 ne 9 = 549 dzomutauro dzinomiririra nucleotides ari triplet. Izvi zvikuru kupfuura zvakafanira encode 21 amino acids. pereizbytochnost ichi kana degeneracy, uye akapa zvipenyu Kuvapo upenyu uye rutapudzo kushoma zvikanganiso pakuverenga majini ruzivo.

Codon kana triplet?

Mumabhuku, mumwe triplet kuti nucleotides, sezvo kushanda conglomerate inonzi triplet kana codon. Musiyano uye kana? Shoko rokuti "codon" rinoshandiswa zvakananga muitiro rokushandura - tama mashoko kubva RNA kuti puroteni Morekuru. Shoko rokuti "triplet" rinoshandiswa rinobatanidza kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chechinyorwa, kana kurondedzera mashoko kuverenga furemu tiine RNA uye DNA.