Nyika dzine hukuru hwehuwandu hwevanhu: nhamba, zvikamu

Munhu wose anoziva kuti vagari venyika vari kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Asi apo vanhu vari pamusoro pepasi vanogoverwa zvikuru zvisina kufanira. Chikonzero chei ichi? Ngatitaurirei pamusoro penyika ipi ine hukuru hwehuwandu hwevanhu uye kuti izvi zvinotsanangurwa sei.

Vagari venyika: zvikamu

Munhoroondo yose yePasi, vanhu vanofamba-famba vachipoteredza nyika vachitsvaga mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ehupenyu. Pakutanga, vanhu vakagara munzvimbo dzakashamwaridzana, pedyo nemvura, zvine zvokudya zvakakwana nezvimwe zvinhu. Icho chiri pamashoko akadaro uye nhasi kune vanhu vakawanda vanorarama pane munzvimbo dzine zvinhu zvakaoma zvehupenyu. Ndicho chikonzero nyika dzine hukuru hwehuwandu huwandu hwevanhu hunowedzera mukudzikira kwemafaro. Gare gare, apo nzvimbo dzose dzakanaka dzaive dzakagara, vanhu vakatanga kutamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisinganyatsogadzikane. Kubudirira kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa kushayiwa pasina mari yakawanda. Uye vanhu vakatanga kurwisana munzvimbo idzodzo apo nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekuvapo dzave dzasikwa. Ndicho chikonzero nhasi nyika dzakagadzirwa dzakanyanya kufadza kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika pane kukura. Dhemography inofanirwawo zvikuru nezvetsika netsika dzevanhu. Nokudaro, nyika dzine hukuru hwehuwandu huwandu hwevanhu huri hurumende umo inowanzove nevana vakawanda.

Pfungwa yehuwandu hwevanhu

Mhemberero dzekuongorora pasi pano pasi yakatanga muzana remakore rechi17. Munguva yekushandura kwemabhizimisi, vakave vakadikanwa pakugadzirisa kunaka nekushandiswa kwemari. Muzana remakore rechi20, huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu huwedzerwa kune zvidimbu zvevanhu. Inotaridzirwa inobva munzvimbo yenyika uye nhamba yose yevagari vayo. Kuziva kuti vangani vanhu vari pamakiromita masere, kuverenga nhamba yevana vakaberekwa nevakafa vanoita kuti zvive nyore kuverenga kuti vangani vanhu vachada zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana: zvokudya, pokugara, zvipfeko, nezvimwe, uye kuronga huwandu hwokuverenga hwevanhu.

Muchikamu chekutanga chezana remakore rechi20, nyika dzine hukuru hwehuwandu hwevanhu dzakatanga kuonekwa uye zviratidzo zvekutanga zvakagadziridzwa pakuvandudzika kwemaonero evanhu pasi pano. Nhasi, mavhareji evanhu vakawanda pasi pano ndevangu vanhu 45 pa1 1 square. Km, asi nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenhamba yepasi, chiyero ichi chinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Kukosha kwechiratidzo chehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu uye zvinhu zvinoumba

Nhamba dzekuverenga dzevanhu dzinotanga kusanganisa nekushandiswa kwemashoko emhando yezvisikwa. Kubva kare muna 1927, masayendisiti evanhu akaisa izwi rokuti "zvakakwana", asi kusvikira zvino havana kusarudza nhamba dzaro. Kuonekwa kwechiratidzo ichi kunokosha kuitira kuti uzive nyika dzine huwandu hunopfuura hwehuwandu hwevanhu, nokuti ihwo hunogona kuita kuti vanhu vasawirirane. Kana vanhu vakawanda vachigara munzvimbo yakavharidzirwa, iyo inopinza mumakwikwi pakati pavo nekuda kwezvinhu zvinokosha. Mashoko pamusoro pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutano hunoita kuti iwe utange kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nekufanoona uye uwane nzira dzekudzivisa.

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokonzera izvi. Izvi ndezvokutanga, mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu: vanhu vanoda kugara munyika dzinodziya vane mamiriro akanaka emamiriro ekunze, saka nzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa dzeMediterranean uye Indian Ocean, iyo equatorial zones. Uyewo, vanhu vanowanzoedza kuve kune hutano hwakanaka, maitiro ehupenyu hwemazuva ano, ane hutano hwakakwana hwehupfumi. Nokudaro, kubuda kwevanhu vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira muEurope, USA, New Zealand, Australia yakaisvonaka. Nhamba yevagari vemo inobatanidzwa zvakananga nemitemo yenyika. Nokudaro, chitendero cheMuslim chinovakirwa pamusoro pekukosha kwemhuri huru, saka munyika dzeIslam vanhu vakawanda kupfuura munyika dzechiKristu. Chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kuwanda kwevanhu ndeyekugadzirwa kwemishonga, kunyanya kushandiswa kwekudzivirira pamuviri.

Rwendo rwema nyika

Mhinduro kumubvunzo wekuti nyika dzine hukuru hwehuwandu hwevanhu huri hunoziva. Sezvo kuongororwa kwakavakirwa pamigumisiro yenhamba yevanhu vemunharaunda, uye iyo inoitwa mumatunhu ose panguva dzakasiyana, uye naizvozvo hapasina nhamba chaiyo yehuwandu hwevagari pane imwe nguva. Asi pane zviratidzo zvakasimba uye zvigadziriswa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuunganidza nyika TOP-10 nepamusoro-soro. Panzvimbo yekutanga nguva dzose iri Monaco (zvishoma pasi pe19 000 vanhu pa1 sq. Km), inoteverwa neSingapore (inenge 7,3 zviuru zvevanhu pa 1 sq. Km.), Vatican (vanenge 2 000 vanhu pa 1 sq. Km) Km), Bahrain (1,7 000 vanhu pa1 sq. Km), Malta (1,4 000 vanhu pa1 sq. Km), Maldives (1,3 000 vanhu pa 1 sq. Km. Km), Bangladesh (1,1000 vanhu pamakiromita mana), Barbados (0.6 000 vanhu pa1 sq. Km.), China (0.6 000 vanhu pa 1 sq. Km) Uye Mauritius (0.6 vanhu zviuru pa1 sq. Km). Vokupedzisira vatatu mubhuku rezvematongerwo enyika vanowanzochinja zvigaro zvavo maererano nemashoko ekupedzisira.

Nyika dzakawanda dzine vanhu vakawanda

Kana iwe ukatarisa pamepu yenyika kuitira kuti uwane kuti vanhu vanogara zvakanyanya sei, unogona kuona zviri nyore kuti hukuru hwevanhu huri kuEurope, South-East Asia uye nyika imwe neimwe muAfrica. Apo patinoongorora Asia uye tichizvibvunza isu ndipi nyika dziri munharaunda dzine hukuru hwehuwandu hwevanhu, tinogona kutaura kuti vatungamiri pano vari Singapore, Hong Kong, Maldives, Bangladesh, Bahrain. Munyika idzi, hapana mapurogiramu ekugadzirisa kubereka. Asi China yakakwanisa kubvisa kukura kwenhamba uye nhasi iri panzvimbo ye134 munyika yose maererano nehukuru hwevanhu, kunyange munguva pfupi yapfuura yakanga iri mutungamiriri.

Maonero ehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu

Ichirondedzera nyika dzine uwandu hwehuwandu huzhinji hwevanhu, vhudzi hwemagariro evanhu vane hanya nezveramangwana. Kukura kwehuwandu hweAsia inzvimbo inogona kukakavara. Nhasi tinogona kutotanga kuona kuti vanhu vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vari kukomba sei Europe, uye nzira yekugadzirisa nzvimbo ichaenderera mberi. Sezvo kuwedzera kwevanhu paPasi hakugoni kumira nemunhu chero upi zvake, zviri pachena kuti huwandu hwevanhu huchakura chete. Uye kuwanda kwevanhu nguva dzose kunotungamirira kumakakatanwa pamusoro pezvinhu.