Nhasi barometer yehupfumi

Dow Jones Industrial Avhareji ndiyo inotengeswa yezvikamu zvemazana makumi matatu emakambani makuru eMamerica. Yakagadzirwa nemupepeti mukuru weThe WallStreetJournal naCharles Doe muna 1884 uye yakatanga kushandiswa chete nokuda kwekuvhara mukati mukati.

Mune zvimwe zvinhu zvemahombeksi emazuva ano, mazita emabhizimisi eDow Jones anongodaidzwa kuti hurumende kune zvakaitika, nokuti vazhinji vemajeri vanopinda mukuverengwa kwayo havasi vatsva vakazara veuto iri.

Pakutanga, nhamba yacho yakaverengwa sokuti aritemu inoreva pakati pematengo emiganhu yevadzidzi vose. Zvino zvose zvishoma zvakasiyana. Nhamba yehuwandu hwevose inopatsanurwa kuva mumwe muwaniki, iyo inoramba ichichinja sangano riripo muhuwandu hwekambani yakakamurwa kana kubatanidza. Yokutanga yakabudiswa nhoroondo yaiva yekunopera kwegumi nemapfumbamwe muna 1896. Icho chaisanganisira gumi nemaviri makuru emabhizimisi emakambani eAmerica panguva iyoyo. Kusvikira ikozvino, muhurukuro yemakambani ekare ndeye "General Electric". Ikambani yakasiya boka iri rekiti chete pakutanga kwezana ramakore makumi maviri kwemakore akawanda, uye rakange riri mutori wekusingaperi.

Mushure megore ra1928, apo nhamba yekambani inotora chikamu muhurukuro yakazova makumi matatu ehamba yavo yakasangana uye haina kuchinja zvakare. Kurongeka kwekusingaperi kunoreva kushandiswa kwekambani imwe chete kana maviri, asi munguva dzematambudziko makuru ehupfumi anobatanidza nezviitiko izvo zvinowanzonzi "Great American Depression", makambani 7-8 akangoerekana abhururuka kubva kuhuwandu hwekuverenga. Pakanga pane nguva dzinoverengeka apo nhengo dzezvikamu dzakasara dzisingashanduki kwemakore gumi nemanomwe nemasere gumi nemasere. Paiva pane nguva mbiri kubva pakutanga kwema makumi mana kusvika pakati pemakore makumi manomwe.

Yokutanga yepurogiramu yakabudiswa yaiva zvishoma kudarika 41 points. Zviuru zvekutanga zvakawanikwa kuburi pakati pemakore makumi matanhatu. Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe, apo US inenge ichinyanya kukura kwemaindasitiri emabhizimisi, nhamba yacho yakasvika chiratidzo che 5 000, uye muna 1999, gumi nezviuru. Pakutanga kwemazana maviri, kuwedzera kwekanyorwa kwakaonekwa pachena, kunyanya kuonekwa zvino pakarepo mushure mekutambudzwa kwegandanga muNew York.

Inoratidzirwa kubva pane kukanganisa kwekanyorwa iyo inopa chete mavhareji emitengo yemugove wekugovana pasina kuenzanisa nehutengo hwepasi, saka iyo nhamba inongogona kuenzaniswa neimwe inokosha yakafanana. Uye kugoverwa kwemasere makumi matatu chete, zvisinei nemakambani makuru, ivo havatauri pfungwa yakajeka yemafungiro mumusika.

Muchirevo chehurukuro panguva iyo pane makambani akakurumbira enyika-Coca-Cola, Disney, Boeing, McDonald's nevamwe vakawanda.

Pasinei nezvose, dow Jones index inoramba iri yakakwegura uye inoremekedzwa kune yose inoshandiswa pasi inowanikwa, uye kugadzikana kwayo kune imwe yenyika inogadzirisa hupfumi.