Menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow" (mufananidzo)

Battle nokuti Moscow Kukuru Patriotic War ari Russian vanhu ndangariro chinobatanidza nzvimbo inokosha. Zvinonzi zvakaratidza kuti kare havana kuziva kukundwa wehondo German inogona kukundwa. Hitler, kubatwa of Moscow akanga zvikuru, izvo anoenzanisa kuti wakakwana kukunda Soviet Union. Somugumisiro, waiva pakutanga pakati pokuwa Wehrmacht. Vose vaya vakarwira guta guru munyika yedu, zvose zvechiuto uye zvavo, ndakaratidza kuzvitsaurira, heroism uye kushinga nemishonga. Menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow" ndivo vane simba noumhare, uye ushingi vava chipingamupinyi nenzira vaNazi kukunda nyika.

kudzivirira Moscow

Battle of Moscow iri conventionally rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: kuzvidzivirira uye kunogumbura.

Nhoroondo pokutangira hondo nokuda guru Soviet Union, kana, mune mamwe mazwi, zuva kudzivirira Moscow rokutanga - iyi ndiyo 30 September 1941. The Countdown riri kuitwa mushure German mauto tsamwisa rakatanga, codenamed "Dutu" yakananga Bryansk uye Vyazma. Kurwa akange orema. With inorema nezvinhu muvengi akaita nzira yake gwara Volga-Moscow uye yakamiswa kumaodzanyemba kumucheto kweguta Kashira. Pedyo kuMoscow, akasagona kuuya.

City kudzivirira akamira vaigaramo. Kunyange muzhizha zvakanzi yakaumbwa mapoka 12 uye 56 rokuzvipira battalions kuti vakaenda kudzivirira guru. Uyewo, maererano GKO chirevo 12 September 1941, kuvakwa masvingo kumativi Moscow. The chikuru kudzivirira akafukidza guta denderedzwagama, yaiva 20 chete kubva muguta. Kuwedzera uku ndivo okuchengetedza uye muguta, somuenzaniso munzvimbo mubindu Ring uye yokunzvenga njanji. Uyezve, akashongedzerwa kwaunonogadziriswa zvokugadzirisa tagovera zvokushandisa uye nezvombo. Zvivako zvose izvi vanonzi Moscow kuzvidzivirira mapazi, uye akavatungamirira yokudzivirirwa musoro Moscow Military District, General PA Artemyev Under rakatangwa vanotsaura muchiuto chikamu veboka ravarwi guta, dura kupesana vachiriita uye akaumba varwi.

Moscow kurwisa

The refu umhare kudzivirira Moscow akabvumira kuti sungisa uye kusimbisa reserves. Uye musi December 5 iroro vakatanga ive inogumbura kushanda kubudikidza fronts matatu: kuKalinin, Western uye South-Western. Mukuru kutanga izvi akagadzwa General of Army GK Zhukov. Nokuti mauto eGermany yaiva kushamisika wakakwana. Panguva ino, muvengi chapera nguva mberi kurwa zvikuru. Uyezve yakafanira kune mamiriro zvikuru ekunze uye zvokudya zvombo zvehondo German yakatyoka, izvo zvakaita kuti dzokera shure.

The shure kwezvinhu nevaFascist kubva Moscow, achiperekedzwa rinorema nezvinhu zvose varume uye zvombo uye michina. By pakutanga January 1942 mutsetse kumberi akanga adzosa kubva Moscow, 250 makiromita pane dambudziko kubatwa yave chapedzwa.

Kusvikira zvino tsamwisa pedyo Moscow, iyo yakataurwa GK Zhukov, akadzidza ari zvikoro zvechiuto. Mukuru wamauto pachake akazopiwa menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow", uyewo dzimwe vanhuwo vechikamu muhondo iyi. mubayiro uyu aizivikanwa ushingi hwavo uye heroism vari kutamburira rusununguko yokumusha kwavo.

Nhoroondo menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow"

Kuti mubayiro vanotsigira Moscow June 29, 1943, kwakasarudzwa kuti vagadze shoma mari. Anokonzera yayo kukura akagadzwa intendant of Red Army, Colonel General PI Drachov On mirairo yake, kuti unyanzvi boka wakasikwa, ine July 12 akapa mashoma akagadzirira-yakaitwa mazano. July 15, 1943, yokunyora nokudhirowa aya pasi kuti kuongorora Stalin. Asi chisarudzo chokupedzisira rakatorwa panguva. Zvisinei, muna January 1944, basa iri gadzira menduru rakazotanga. Kwokupedzisira pavaipfuura Payakapera kunobva kuna Artists Moskalev ARMENIA uye Romanov EM Pakazopera January kare ndakanga ndagadzirira yokupedzisira nekubatwa ari menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow".

Kugadziridzwa uye kufarirwa yokupedzisira chimiro mibayiro

Pashure bvunzo chiratidzazvizhinji, vakaitwa simbi wamabwe Sokolov NA, akatanga anoverengeka kuchinja pakuonekwa mibayiro:

• Pakutanga taitarisira pamusoro pakanyorwa of Kremlin rusvingo kuisa boka vanotsigira Moscow, asi chikatsiviwa tangi masoja mukati ayo dzokurwa nadzo,
• kwakaderedza kukura rising pakuvaka Government,
• ari kuruboshwe pakona akaisa mufananidzo ndege ichibhururuka.

Saka zvakanzi vakawana chokupedzisira mubayiro bheji menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow", pikicha iyo inoratidza ayo UKURU uye mutambo.

Musi mvumo award uyu 1 May 1944.

Maererano netsamba yacho munyori menduru Artist Moskalev ni, basa iri mubayiro ichi, akatanga refu asati pamutemo hurongwa utungamiri munyika, mumatsutso 1941. Zvino kwaiva kukanganisa chaivo basa guru. Zvadaro, gadzira ichi chaiva hwaro mumwe mubayiro chiratidzo - the Order yeKubwinya, izvo yakazokudziridzwa Moskalev.

Zvinoita yakaita menduru

Premium mucherechedzo aiva endarira, kumativi chimiro ane dhayamita 32 mm. The obverse (anonzi chiso pamberi chero mubairo chiratidzo) rinoratidza Kremlin rusvingo. Shure naye domed padenga rechivako hurumende ine anopapamisa mureza yeSoviet Union. Mune nechekumberi ari nechigadziko kuti magamba, uyo pamazuva akare, akasunungura guta - Minin uye Pozharsky. Next - the vanotsigira guru riri tangi dzokurwa. In rworuboshwe kukona etched ndege pamusoro akanyorwa "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow", uye pamusoro neizvi zviri menduru paakavapa nokuda Kutsigira Moscow angadaro verenga "Nokuti Our Motherland yeSoviet".

Ndiani paakavapa ari menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow"?

Maererano chisarudzo hurumende, award vanofanira kuwana zvose vanotsigira guru:

• Mauto mauto ose zvombo muzvirongwa pakurwa nokuti Moscow haidereri pane 1 mwedzi munguva kubvira 19.10.41 pamusoro 25.01.42 gore,
• zvavo muguta uye nharaunda, akavaka okuchengetedza uye vachigadzira uto midziyo, uyewo avepo kurwisa uye kuzvidzivirira nokurwa kwete asingasviki 1 mwedzi munguva imwe chete - kubva 19.10.41 pamusoro 25.01.42, panguva
• zvechiuto uye zvavo - basa vechikamu kwokudzivirira guru munguva kubvira 07.22.41 pamusoro 25.01.42 gore,
• guerrillas vakanga vachirwa muna Moscow mudunhu.

Uyezve, rukudzo urwu wakapiwa varwi vakanga akasunungura guta Tula.

Possible nzira nokuti pakuonekwa menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow"

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, award yakapiwa munguva yehondo, uye yangopedzwa. Vose muenzaniso hwaponeswa, asi kuchinja dzakaitwa izvo zvakasiyana nemauto uye post-hondo embodiments dzakapiwa mibayiro

• eyelet Medals, izvo zvakagadzirwa munguva yehondo, iri soldered kuna nechigadziko, uye maviri rukoko zviuno, rinorema,
• mu post-hondo nzeve yokuenzanisira dzakadururwa pamwe menduru, chidhina aiva chete-layer aruminiyamu.

Learning mashoko

Munhu wokutanga uyo akanga paakavapa ari menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow", aiva Iosif Stalin. Akanga paakavapa 7/20/44, uye akagamuchira runoenzanirana chitupa nhamba 000001.

Vasati January 1, 1995 dzinokwana menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow" akagashira hapana zvishoma pane vanhu vanenge 1,028,600. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vachiri kuyaruka vanopfuura zviuru makumi maviri vakanga paakavapa ari menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow".

Kupfeka menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow" kurutivi pechipfuva (apo mwoyo anorova nokuti Moscow - moyo yokumusha yedu) kuruboshwe. Kana pane dzimwe Medals, kuti "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow" inofanira kuva zvinotevera mubayiro menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Leningrad".

Dzimwe nguva anotaurwa munhoroondo mabhuku mubayiro nokuda kwokudzivirira Moscow, asi zviri kukonzera sizvo mashoko. Order kumbova, uye kwaingova Award menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Moscow".