Zvinokudzwa Revolution (mbiri Revolution). Rinobwinya Revolution pamusoro 1688

History of England XVII remakore - imwe nguva mhirizhonga uye kwazvo ukapisa murwi. To iyi runobva uye "Revolution zvinokudzwa" muna 1688. Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vanodavira ichi ndicho chiitiko chikuru munhoroondo Great Britain.

History of England: zvishoma pamusoro ezvinhu pamusoro avaida chimurenga

Mushure kudzorerwa Stuart youmambo kusvika 1685 mirayiro muEngland Charles II. Pashure porufu rwake, akakwira choushe James II, muduku munin'ina wamambo. Karl haana kusiya mudyi wenhaka, sezvo akanga asina zviri pamutemo vana. James II Wakapedzisira Chirungu mambo-Catholic.

Muna 1677, mwanasikana mukuru yemberi mambo Maria akapiwa, pamusoro zvaanoda, nokuti Vilgelma Oranskogo. Rakanga nokuzvikudza mugari wenhaka pachigaro nokuda childlessness naCharles II.

Of Jacob Liberal Party Parliament akaedza kuramba kodzero choumambo nokuda kuomerera yake yeRoma. Akanga vaifungidzirwa munyaya vakarangana Catholic, uye akamanikidzwa kutiza munyika. Asi kuedza kuramba Duke pakati York zvokuti chigaro akakonzera kutsutsumwa pamusoro vatsigiri vake Liberal Party Paramende (Whig), uye munun'una Charles II kukwanisa kukwira chigaro pashure wamambo afa.

James II Board

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani zvinotaurwa "Revolution zvinokudzwa", zvinokosha kufunga yaitonga James II. Kana itsva mambo voruzhinji paramende zvazova yakaoma (nhengo ari weConservative Party), ayo vateveri. James II haana kunyengedza tsitsi kubva yeBritain nokuti aiva muKaturike.

ushe hwake aifanira kutange kudzvinyirira pamusoro yemuna, iro sangano mubvandiripo mwanakomana Charles II Dzheyms Skott. Akararama muNetherlands, izvo zvitsva Chirungu mambo akavenga, uye aiva yeRoma. Mushure kuurayiwa Charles I Dzheyms Skott uye mai vake rakamanikidzwa kuenda muutapwa. Kunyanya musoro Duke pamusoro Monmouth akasikwa kwaari.

Tadzika pamahombekombe Great Britain, Scott vakati kodzero dzake Chirungu choushe. It akabatana wokuScotland Marquis pamusoro Argyll. Muhondo roumambo mauto vamukira vakakundwa uye musoro. Asi mambo nevatongi ake akakurira yemuna pamwe ferocity zvokuti perturbation zvinhu zvayo kwave chimwe zvikonzero makatodzinga namambo, uye zvakaguma nevapanduki, akakunda British historiography inotevera zita rokuremekedza - Mbiri Revolution.

tariro yenhema

Mumakore okupedzisira rokutonga Charles II - ndiyo nguva maitiro apo Paramende haana asangana, uye kushorwa mumunhu namambo Whigs akanga vakaparadzirwa uye vasina kurongeka. Kunyange zvazvo Duke pakati York anonziwo sezvo reactionaries, kushorwa vaitarisira kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu munyika uye kugumiswa nemapinduriro.

Tariro zvaiva pasina. James II mushure kudzvinyirira yokupanduka, kuzvivimba, akatanga kuunganidza uto zvachose hwaro pasi chokumupomera pakati yemabhuku-insurgency. All chinokosha mamiriro namagwatidziro akaisa vateveri kutenda Catholic. Mugore accession yake choushe, iye ichiputswa paramende uye zvakawanda munguva yokutonga kwake haasi kuenda haana. Kushorwa uye kutsoropodzwa nezviito zvavo havangagoni kugamuchira mambo uye pakarepo akabviswa kubva pambiru sezvo vasingafari nezvaiitika. James II kutora matanho ose mumwe chinangwa - pakagadzwa kwakakwana simba roumambo munyika Catholic. Somugumisiro, nhengo dzakawanda kushora dzakamanikidzwa kutizira kuNetherlands. Zvikuru vasingagutsikane zviito Mambo, akabva kwaari, uye vateveri vakatendeka - the Tories vaityira Church Catholic pfuma simba munyika.

The pakarepo chikonzero pekuparadzwa ikoko James II

"Mbiri Revolution" kwakaitika England, aiva nechikonzero chakanaka kwayo. Mambo, uyo akakwira chigaro atova vakwegura zera, akanga asina vana. James II mudzimai kwemakore 15 kwainzi asingabereki. Naizvozvo kusagutsikana yakatevera policies mambo Zvaitarisirwa kuti pashure pokupfuura choumambo achapfuura kuti mwanasikana wake mukuru Maria, uyo akatora kutenda yechiPurotesitendi uye akanga akaroorwa Vilgelmom Oranskim.

Quite risingatarisirwi nokuti munhu wose ari mambo vakwegura muna 1688 mugari wenhaka akaberekwa. Pakarepo runyerekupe kupararira kuti zvakanga mwana mumwe wacho, uyo pachivande achaendeswa yamambo. Kukurukurirana Ndivo anokonzerwa chokwadi kuti kuberekwa Crown Prince ndaingoenda nevamiririri kutenda Catholic, uye kunyange sei mwanasikana muduku Anna haana kubvumira amai.

chimurenga

Pashure kuberekwa kuBritain mugari wenhaka pachigaro tariro nokuda shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu muEngland, rinopikisa haana kusarudza. Pamwe chete, ivo Tories uye Whigs, uyewo chikamu vehondo vakarangana. Chinangwa chake chaiva kubvisa mambo kubva pasimba uye vachiitsiva ne mwanakomana yake-mwanasikana - Muchinda Orange uye Mary. Akakurumbira British enyika, vasingaoni dzimwe nzira yokubuda, akanyora shoko rakavanzika kuna Prince, achimukurudzira kuti zvipinde England uye akudubure wababa vake kubva pachigaro. Shoko rinoti vagari vaizotsigira nevapanduki uye vose vachafara kuona pa musoro Protestant mambo England.

Mushure shoko wakatumwa, chikamu vapanduki vakapararira kunyika iri kutsvaka mari uye vakabatana.

James II vaisagona kubatsira kuona kugadzirira unoranganawo vakasarudza kuti zvichemo, apo vavengi vake zviito usaenda zvakare kure. Asi kumisa kupandukira vakanga vasingachakwanisi.

"Mbiri Revolution" November 15, 1688 akatanga, apo vanhu Muchinda Orange, yakawira pamusoro Chirungu egungwa. Mauto, akaunganidza Raishamisa uye akapotsa zvachose anoumbwa nevaPurotesitendi. Taiva mairi, uye kushorwa, avo vakasiya nyika pamusana pokutambudzwa yaJakobho.

Mubayiro pokuchinja muEngland: pakaparadzwa wamambo accession vaWilliam III

The pakuonekwa hondo William muEngland kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti vakawanda kuvatungamiri James II pakarepo akatora rutivi mwanakomana wake mutemo. mwanasikana waMambo, Anna, uyewo vakamusiya uye akaenda Muchinda Orange kumisasa.

Kusiyiwa pasina uto, Jakobho akaedza kupinda akurukure revapanduki, uye ipapo chaizvo vakaedza kutizira France, apo advanced akatuma mudzimai wake uye mwanakomana. On munzira, iye akabatwa uye akadzokera kuLondon. Gare gare, tichibatsirwa William, uyo akaronga akapukunyuka, Korol Yakov II akakwanisa kusiya England.

"Revolution zvinokudzwa" dzakaguma muna 1689, apo William uye Mary zvakaparidzwa vatongi Parliament England.

Pashure Mary afa makore mashoma gare gare murume wake vakatonga nyika pasi zita rimwe William III. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, zvakaratidza mutongi akachenjera uye muvandudzi. Ndizvo parakatanga ichikura vasisanetswi England yaro kuchinja mu rimwe akasimba masimba enyika. Paitonga William III «Bill Kwekodzero" akasikwa, nokusingaperi kubvisa mukana achitanga muEngland nemhedziso umambo.