Arctic gwenga

Far North Asia uye North America gara arctic gwenga - anotungamirira nzvimbo ine sparse chaizvo zvinomera, riri chando uye chando. nharaunda ava yo vakawanda munharaunda Groenlândia yeCanada Arctic Archipelago nezvimwe zvitsuwa Arctic Basin uye zvitsuwa iri nemhenderekedzo Antarctica.

Okunze iyi rwokuzvarwa mapazi ose peArctic chando. Winters vari refu uye kwazvo (avhareji tembiricha - -10 kusvika -35 ° C) uye pfupi yechirimo uye kuchitonhora (0 ... + 5 ° C). Winter polar usiku yokutonga, izvo, zvichienderana Latitude, rinoenderera mazuva 98 kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu. Muna June, panguva iyoyowo pakatanga ari polar zuva, gwenga kweArctic zvishoma nezvishoma vapenyu - patsime anouya. Pasinei nokuti zuva rikasabuda kumativi wachi, nevhu nyungudika masendimita mashomanana. Munguva pfupi umo tembiricha akanaka, enda chando chete migove diki chete marshy uye matombo nevhu.

Muzhizha denga kashoma pachena; kazhinji zvikanganiswe kupa kunonaya refu (mvura, chando kazhinji). Panguva iyi, pasi kazhinji envelop gobvu bvungapfunga kunotangira kwemvura mvura kubva pegungwa. Zvinenge zvose mumhepo mwando kunogara pamusoro pemvura, kwete sasana nokuda yakaderera kwezuva uye tembiricha pasi, uye hapana seeping munzvimbo nechando muvhu.

Nokuti ichi dzinongoitika mapazi kunoratidzwa crustose mosses, lichens uye rekushongedzesa dzakashandisa upenyu kuchamhembe. Areas chakafukidzwa nezvinomera - imwe mhando oasis iri pakati polar echando uye chando, animating gwenga kweArctic. Pano unogona kusangana vamiririri kuti maruva zvinomera: saxifrage, foxtail nevamwe zviyo, buttercup, kweArctic Poppy, cranberries, sedges. No nemiti uye lichens, mosses uye herbaceous mhando hatuzoumbiki chinoramba butiro. Plant kukwirira Kashoma kwazvo 10 cm nekuti mhepo inotonhora iri neshungu kubva arctic munyika uye pasi nekaupenyu kudziya. Achitiza kubva mhepo zvinomera zviri waitsimbirira pamatombo uye vakagara dzegirini, mu nezasi mawere nevamwe nomunzvimbo dzine kwakadzikira, pamusoro Mujinga wokumaodzanyemba chokupfeka.

Pano Fauna of ichi rwokuzvarwa nzvimbo iri murombo chaizvo. Zviri musha makava, lemmings, uye polar nemapere. Muzhizha pane "rookeries" Uyai uye nesting Eider, Guillemot, sandpiper, kittiwake, fulmar, Guillemot, hanzi uye zvimwe zvakawanda. More akapfuma Marine fauna of.

Arctic gwenga mapazi weRussia kumaodzanyemba zvasvika Latitude pamusoro Wrangel Island uye nechokuchamhembe ndeyevanyori pazvitsuwa Franz Josef Land. It anofukidza Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya (North Island), New Siberian Islands, Severnaya Zemlya, Wrangel Island, kuchamhembe chikamu chezvinhu Taimyr Peninsula uye kweArctic makungwa kugeza munzvimbo idzi munyika. Coastal nzvimbo zvitsuwa vakawanda - vane sandara pamapani uye kure negungwa munzvimbo - makomo kusvika 1000 M uye tablelands. Snow rwokuyera latitudes izvi zviri pasi, saka chikamu chikuru zvitsuwa zvizhinji inogarwa mazitombo echando (85% pamusoro Franz Josef Land). Mostly Continental mazizaya kunzvenga mugungwa muparadzane, zvichiumba icebergs. Panyika, ice-akasununguka, kwakapararira permafrost.

Permafrost, chando uye pfupi yechirimo uye sparse uswa kusika vanoshorwa ezvinhu kuti ivhu-dzichiumbwa muitiro. Naizvozvo, ivhu iri munharaunda zvepanyama yakaderera-simba nharaunda, dzine mabwe, murombo.

Zvisinei, pasinei zvakanyanyisa Kuparadzwa ivhu uye uswa, kweArctic magwenga Russia dzinoratidzwa nokuchinja rudzi sezvamunoita mune latitudinal negwara. Kuchamhembe mapazi kunoratidzwa munharaunda uswa-chikwindi kuti kutsiva kwezvinoshandiswa kumaodzanyemba shrub-Moss. Kwazvo rwezasi chete nevakawanda kweArctic gwenga shrub-chikwindi mhando, asi ane anzi mugwenzi butiro.