Ancient Kiev - guta guru reRussia yekare. Ancient Kiev: nhoroondo uye mapurani

Russia Ancient rava mudzidzisi netsika mu Europe. sainzi Its, bhodhi manyorerwo, nokuzvibata uye mavakirwo vanoyemurwa kure miganhu ehurumende. Ndosaka machinda yaiitwa zvikuru, uye mumwe nomumwe wavabati aiva rukudzo kuti vave shamwari uye kuva chokuita navo.

Ghostly muvambi guta

Mashoko ose - iri ndiro shoko. Shoko akasiyiwa vaizotevera madzitateguru. Uye nhoroondo Kiev yekare akavanda muzita rayo.

The yakakurumbira ngano pamusoro kuvambwa guta - nyaya hama nhatu akashinga: Kiy, Cheek, paHorebhi uye hanzvadzi yavo yakanaka Lybid. Maererano nengano, kwakabva mhuri pakupera ari V remakore vakaisa mabwe rokutanga ramangwana muguta. Vachikudza mukoma wake uye akatumidza nzvimbo. Asi pfungwa yesayenzi yakakamurwa pamusoro veracity kuti dzidziso iyi. Aimbova vanodavira kuti chaiyo chaiye aiva chete zano, uye nehama dzake - zvokungofungidzira vanhu. Second inonetsa nokuvapo kunyange mukoma. Kazhinji, asi Kiev rekare handicho chete guta yakavakwa hama nhatu. Uyewo Europe zviri vakapararira pamusoro mazana dzimwe maguta yekare pamwe chete mudzi. Saka, vatsvakurudzi uye vakatsoropodza pfungwa.

Origin of zita

Kuramba ngano Kieu, masayendisiti akawana mamwe tsanangudzo. Saka, pane shoko "Cove" mumutauro Turkic, rakashandurwa kuti "rwizi". "Kiwi" riri Sarmatian mutauro zvinoreva gomo. Pane shanduro kure chaizvo. Maererano naye guta vakatora zita rayo kubva Prakrit (yekare mutauro Indian), apo shoko "koyava" rinoshandurwa kuti "chigaro nzvimbo." Akapiwa chokwadi kuti Kiev - guta guru reRussia yekare - riri munzvimbo ine makomo nzvimbo pamahombekombe ari Dnieper, uye kubva pakuvambwa kwayo kwave musimboti enyika elites, mumwe nomumwe tsanangudzo anekodzero kuvapo.

Ndicho zvikuru chizvarwa necheSalvic dudziro. Ndicho zita reguta kubva pashoko "zano" - kureva kuti, tsvimbo, rutanda. Saka nyaya akagarwa n'anga uye machinda, uye Kiev akadana guta ose umo vanhu ava vaiva. Izvi anotsanangura hwakawanda maguta-namesakes mu Europe.

moyo Russia

Kutaura chokwadi, sezvo mamiriro Kievan Rus 'hariko. The izwi rakatangwa nemasayendisiti kuti vadzivise kuvhiringidzika pakati Russia, yakaumbwa muna IX remakore uye Muscovy, inova shanu emakore vakura.

Panguva iyoyo, mumwe guru inoti iri Ages Europe, muzinda yaiva Kiev yekare, anongonzi Rus. Ndima inogarwa Eastern Slavs, iyo gare gare chamuita kuti Ukrainians, Belarusians uye vokuRussia. Zvakawanda zvakaitwa kurutivi pakagadzwa Government Commerce. Nyika akaonekwa chokufambisa nzira kubva dzekuma Scandinavia pasi pedyo Dnieper nomuGungwa Black kuna Byzantium. mugwagwa uyu anonzi "nzira kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki."

In pakati IX remakore muna Novgorod rakatumidzwa Rurik kutonga VaViking. Izvi zvakaitwa aine chinangwa. Nomutorwa aifanira kudzosera hurongwa. Asi vamwe yakavimbika, achisimbisa mashoko "zvakaedza zvekare Years" (anotaurwa enhoroondo zviitiko izvi) haasi. Mumiririri hurumende itsva kwasvika kuvanhu vake, rinonzi tiers. Ndokubva kubva VaViking uye shoko "Rus".

machinda okutanga

Muna 862 akasvika Rurik Askold uye DIR yakakunda kuti Kiev yekare. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku - varume ava vaiva zvizvarwa yakakurumbira Chia, muvambi kweguta.

882 aiva pakachinja munhau. By Kiev akaswedera Prince Oleg. Aibva worudzii Rurik. Pashure yokupedzisira afa akava regent mwanakomana wake Igor uye akatanga kutonga muna Novgorod munyika. Panguva yake nzendo akasvika Kiev uye vakadzidza pamusoro anotonga ikoko. Akabva akaviga mauto ake uye akashevedza vatongi make, akadanira pachake dzomutengesi. Askold uye DIR vakatungamirwa kuti hwemusi uye zvava vakaurayiwa Oleg hondo. Regent Igor akaona kuti vane mhuri kwete kwomuchinda, saka vane kodzero pachigaro choushe kwete.

Sezvo Kiev yekare yakava guta idzva, nokudaro kubatana nzvimbo mbiri Slavs. Yaiva Prince Oleg masayendisiti anodavira muvambi Kievan Rus.

netsika dzechihedheni

Long vasati vasvika Kiev nyika inogarwa vatongi vahedheni vakanga pachavo tsika dzavo uye mapurani kwechiKristu.

Eastern Slavs vakatenda musimba zvakasikwa, vakanamata kwavari. Places kunamata akava simba pfungwa, apo pane simba rakavanzika simba. Kazhinji, ava vaiva mumakomo. Vakaronga madzibaba edu mutemberi. Yaiva rokutanga yekare mavakirwo Kiev. Kazhinji pakati akamira mufananidzo emapuranga kana ibwe chidhori. Ndaiva atari, kuti izvo vakatendeka akapa zvipo. temberi iyi akawanikwa paGomo Annunciation, yaiva nzvimbo tsvene mwari Perun mheni.

Ancient Slavs akaisa zvikuru kumakomo, kunyange zvazvo vakararama kunyanya pamahombekombe enzizi. In pezvikomo vakanyengetera uye vakabayira. Kusvikira zvino, Kiev rakachengetedzwa nzvimbo dzavo dzokunamatira. Kazhinji ndiwo sebwe denderedzwa pamwe pamaberere pamakona mana enyika. Zvisinei, temberi vakanga enyika nzvimbo, izvo akataura dzinokosha. General nenzvimbo map Kiev yekare chinotanga zvose nzvimbo dzainamatirwa Old Vatendi. gomo nomumwe yave musimboti chibayiro tsika.

Pane mhosva kuti vahedheni akavaka temberi kwemakore asati kuitwa chiKristu.

Pearl Christianity

Nokusvika machinda aisimbisa chiKristu. Yakanga hwaro mavakirwo Russia uye akapa mirayiridzo mitsva kukura kukura pakunamata.

Kare, vatungamiriri zvinhu zvakaitwa namatanda. ibwe rokutanga yaiva musimboti wokunamata Church of Zvegumi, izvo vakarumbidza Kiev yekare. Photo rokuvakazve ichi mapurani Paaidzidzisa inorangarira tsananguro yaMakoronike. Kuziva kunogona kuva History pamusoro Kiev miziyamu.

Chaiva chishamiso chokuita noupfumi hwavo uye nokubwinya. It yakavakwa anenge 989 makore nokuda mitero. Nokuti pakurigadzira vakauya yakanakisisa vemifananidzo kubva Byzantium. Akanga uyewo zvikuru yakashongedzwa mukati. Uwandu mosaics, Pamifananidzo uye mifananidzo vari vachiri asina kutorwa kangani. Feudal kusabatana aiva mavambo yakawondomoka.

Modern mavakirwo Kiev

Nhoroondo Kiev yekare akachengeta mavakirwo kusvikira nhasi. Chinonyanya unoshamisa muenzaniso ndiye St. Sophia Cathedral. Matombo okutanga waradzikwa 1037. Takashanda pariri Constantinopolitan necheSalvic ezvivako. In XVII-XVIII remakore, Church yakavakwazve wokuUkraine Baroque manyorerwo. Muna 1934, akava miziyamu - Sofia Reserve.

Masayendisiti vachiri nharo dzokuti ndiani aiva initiator ari pfungwa kuvaka chechi - Vladimir uye mwanakomana wake Yaroslav.

Gate Golden - mumwe Russia Monument of mapurani, izvo zvinofadza kunyange nhasi. Kuwedzera tsika pfungwa, kuvakwa dzikapupurira kuchengeteka chinangwa. Guta achishingaira kuvakwa uye aida masvingo. The zita rinobva analoginen kuConstantinople.

Architecture - muchina nguva kuti tigokuzivisai Kiev yekare. Mufananidzo zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa munyaya, asi zvakanaka izvionere.