The Vagari nharaunda Penza: kukura uye arambe achirema

Nzvimbo iyi iri pakati Volga uye Don nzizi, apo pane Volga, Black Earth uye Central kumatunhu, uye nokuti vanhu vari Penza nharaunda iri heterogeneous chaizvo. Zvinoitwa yayo kugarwa kuratidza zvenguva nzvimbo pakati dzakapoteredza. Kunyange zvazvo zvepanyama uye okunze, zviri zvakafanana Black Earth, vagari venyika Penza nharaunda unowanzonyengera zvikuru dzomumaguta, uye ichi pamwero chikuru zvikuru kupfuura pedyo kumatunhu - the Tambov uye Voronezh dunhu, uye Saratov uye Ulyanovsk - akaderera. All vari Penza nharaunda musha 1.341.526 murume maererano Rosstat (2017), iyo - 930 004 vanhu muguta.

mamiriro

The mumadhorobha Vagari ari Penza nharaunda idukusa National paavhareji, asi vagari vemo zviri zvishoma kuwedzera: muna 1990, vaigara mumaguta munzvimbo makumi matanhatu nezvitatu kubva muzana yevanhu, uye muna 2005, nechekare makumi matanhatu navatanhatu. Izvi Chokwadi, uchapupu haana chaiye urbanization, mafungiro akadaro vakachengeta anenge kwose kwose, nekuti kumaruwa yave yokurasikirwa vagari vemo. Uyewo vazhinji kumatunhu Russian, nzvimbo monocentric ichi. The mumadhorobha Vagari ari Penza mudunhu hafu kusimbiswa guru hafu yemiriyoni. Hazvina svikiro iri kukura muguta Kuznetsk - maindasitiri centre uye Zarechny - kwesayenzi, last akavharwa guta Rosatom (CATF Penza-19). Mamwe maguta (masere) - tiddly, vanopfuura hafu yavo kunyange gumi zviuru vagari vane.

Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti mumadhorobha Vagari ari Penza nharaunda (kunze nhatu chikuru) inoitisa Semi-yokumaruwa nemararamiro, sezvo mumaguta kwezvivako yatovapo panzvimbo simba kwese. Uyezve, maguta ose, kusanganisira Penza, mumakore gumi vagari vayo kuti kurasikirwa. Izvi zvinonyatsoratidza Verenga pamusoro Penza nharaunda. Over zvose vakatapudzika mumataundi maduku (kusvika makumi maviri muzana yevagari akarasika paminiti gumi) nekuti perestroika yakadhirika, sezvo kwose kwose, upfumi chezvinonhuwira zvavakanga vachida mujinga yaigadzira zvokudya uye muchina chivakwa. The kwematunhu centre uye Zarechnyi zvakasimba kuchengetedza muduku chimiro, asi hapana vanacho todzokera.

vamwe nhamba

The arambe achirema chavagari of Penza nharaunda zvikuru pedyo avhareji kuRussia (European chikamu), pano matatu namaviri vanhu muzana mativi kiromita. Suburban munzvimbo dzine vakawanda: muna mazana maviri namakumi matanhatu Penza, Kuznetsk - matanhatu navanomwe vanhu muzana mativi kiromita. Kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo - zvokurimwa, uye naizvozvo ane dzinokwana vanhu gumi chete mativi kiromita. Vagari of Penza nharaunda inokura zvishoma nokuda vanotama, asiwo zvinoderedza zvishoma mhanyisa, nekuti vanhu kubva mumatunhu vari kusiya kwete chete muna Penza.

Rural kugarwa kunoratidzwa makuru uye svikiro kadikidiki nemisha, izvo kudzora muna Black Earth. Izvi zvishoma mitigates dambudziko mapindire pakati kumaruwa vanhu kuti zvinokosha munzanga mabasa. Zvisinei, vanenge gumi muzana yevagari nzvimbo Penza nharaunda mumakore achangodarika akarasika. Kwoupfumi remunharaunda upfumi uye, sezvo zvakaita kuti basa matambudziko vanosundira vanhu mudzimba dzavo. Nenzira, yokutama water drainage zvakatowanda kubva vavakidzani, ane nzvimbo iri sezvo zvoupfumi peripheral uye apo vanhu vane imwe mari shoma - muna Mordovia, Ulyanovsk uye Tambov kumatunhu. Yokuva panzvimbo asisanyatsooni hunobuda: kwevanhu water drainage kune dzimwe nzvimbo, apo mubayiro kumusoro, chete kuchawedzera.

matambudziko

Vazhinji vose, vagari venyika Penza nharaunda anotambura kushaya evanhu mabasa muna 2017. Pane zvakawanda zvinokosha depopulation uye kukwegura kwevanhu, pane mamwe nzvimbo dzose Volga nharaunda. Kunyanya mwoyo kupenda iri kumaruwa. Vangani vanhu vari Penza mudunhu achava shanu - gumi makore, kana musingadi kutora zvikuru matanho kukwezva vanhu kuti rakaorera nyika izvi? Statistics chete kutyisa.

Mari yakaderera chaizvo. Chakakomba kudzikira rakazungunusa nzvimbo yose, uye kuora mwoyo uchigere vakapfuura chero indasitiri (kunyanya - mune zvokuimba youinjiniya), kana mune zvokurima. No magariro inopikira kuti vakawanda haaiti, nekuti basa kwakapararira munyika zvisina upfumi. Padanho dzidzo kwangoderera, vanokwanisa kurapwa rakada isina kumaruwa.

kubatsira

Zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore achangopfuura vari kutanga kubuda uye zvimwe zvinobatsira munzanga. uku kuwedzera mari iri remunharaunda nemamiriro upfumi, saka kukura mari vokuparidzira vanotarisirwa kuva kwirirei. Sezvingatarisirwa, pamwe kushanda mumwaka chaizvo okunze: mamiriro pano akasikwa kuti vave voga mapurazi, kurima. Izvi, Chokwadi, dzinopomhodza zvishoma mararamiro varombo yokushomeka kwavo zvinhu. Chero zvazvingava, ndoda rikwanise kutyisidzira nenzara. Mukuwedzera, muna ichi okunze evanhu zvirwere havasi kudaro chakasviba.

Kunyange nyika munzvimbo dzavo nhoroondo kukura sezvo basa uye raanoziva nzvimbo kubva nemanomwe remakore kuti upenyu akayera, kunyarara uye refu. Zvisinei, Uwandu Hwevanhu hamuzi dzinokurudzira, sezvo nedunhu akasarudzwa kuva refu-akwegura uye depopulating. Kuberekwa zvazvingava chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma munyika, uye zvinonyatsorehwa mwero wokufa kwevanhu ndiko zvikuru yepamusoro munyika. The dzinongoitika kuderera vemo of Penza dunhu - rimwe muzana pagore, inova yepamusoro kaviri kupfuura munyika. Uye mumisha vakwegura wokufa reshiyo anotyisa nhamba - makumi maviri kubva muzana! Kudikanwa inobatsira kwazvo kuti mutsika vanogara mu idzodzo, uye mumakore mashoma apfuura, basa ndiro kure pasi, zvinoratidzika, rafambira.

Kutama uye migumisiro

Penza vokuparidzira tawanazve simba zvishoma nemhaka mutsika vanotama, asi yepanyama kuderera achiri kumusoro. Rufu dererei, pane kumaruwa - nehafu muzana gumi chete uye, asi nokuberekwa mwero hachiratidzi kukurudzira chero nzira, zviri kudzika zvikuru pane kuti akanyorwa munyika - asingasviki masere muzana. Nei izvi zvichiitika? Nekuti izvi vakatanga kubva kweSoviet, apo vechidiki vanhu vabve kumaruwa. The zera nemamiriro nharaunda yose hwakafanana dzose pedyo kumatunhu yavo yakakwirira chikamu vakwegura vanogara.

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, izvozvo akabva dema zvechigarire vaitamira water drainage. Zvino akauya perestroika, uye kuberekwa mwero kwave kuchiita chihombe kutsauka 1985 kusvika 2005 ndiwo nhamba yevana kutsauka nokuda anenge wechitatu. Rakanga 22.5% uye akanga 14.6%, izvo zviri pedyo nzvimbo yakaipisisa zviratidzo. vana vashoma chete Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda. Zvisinei, kuti wevanotungamirira kumanikidzwa chaizvo, vanhu mazana matanhatu namakumi maviri havagoni kushanda chiuru akagwinya vemo.

upenyu anotarisirwa

Kutama water drainage simba zvishoma Zvisinei, panguva dambudziko nineties, mutsika vanotama muna Penza nharaunda yaiva pasi, pasinei guru ezvinhu zvakasikwa uye okunze uye pasi kwazvo mutengo kurarama. Kana kunetseka kutama kubva Kishi nyika yakaguma, Penza nharaunda akatanga zvakare kurasikirwa nevanhu - muzvirevo nenhamba.

Zvinoita sokuti vari okunze ichi, upenyu anotarisirwa zvinofanira kuva mukuru. Kana kanenge pedyo-Russian ose - makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu nehafu. Zvisinei, nhamba iyi, mukusiyana kune nezvemaitiro munyika, ipfupi. With hurefu muna Penza nharaunda harisi anonyatsoziva. Zvikurukuru pasi upenyu hunotarisirwa vanhu vekumaruwa - muna 2005 zvikavavarira kusvika pamakore makumi mashanu namatanhatu nehafu. The chikonzero - guru mwero marginalization musha.

National sezvamunoita

The Russian Black Earth vanoumba makumi mapfumbamwe nezvishanu kubva muzana kana kupfuura vemo. Zvisinei, Volga nharaunda iyi kuvapfumi zvikuru, nokuti riri panosangana vatatu dzemadzinza nzvimbo - Finno-Ugric, Turkic uye necheSalvic. The dzinza sezvamunoita iri siyana uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Muna Penza nharaunda anopfuura makumi masere nematanhatu muzana Russian, vamwe kunyanya - Tatars uye Mordvinians. Uye Shemysheyskom, Sosnovy Bor uye Neverkinsky District idzi nenyika dzinopfuura Russian kwevanhu.

Maererano 1989 Verenga munharaunda aigara Belarusians, vechiGypsy, vaJudha, Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians, Chuvash, vokuArmenia, vanhu vokuGermany, Chechens, Uzbeks, Lezgins, Poles, Kazakhs, vaAvar, Tajiks, Mari, Udmurt, Turkmen, Kyrgyz, Lithuanians, Latvians, Komi nevaGiriki - vose vemunyika dzose nhamba chezvegumi kuti hundredths mumwe muzana zvachose kwevanhu. Uyezve, havana vakararama hapana tsindirana, kusiyana Mordovians, Tatars uye Chuvash.

Economy, basa

Maererano pachiyero zvemari kushingaira kwevanhu of Penza nharaunda uyewo haaratidzi nemigumisiro yakanaka: 66% pano, uye munyika - 64% avhareji nokugaramo. Izvi imhaka yokuti mune vakwegura zera nemamiriro ikawanda nhamba vokumaruwa, apo basa riri soro, uye zvakajairika pamusika ukama zvokurima nemauto hauna kuumbwa kwete chete muna 2005, uye nhasi Vachisiira zvikuru anodikamwa.

Kuwanda basa iri maindasitiri nemauto ari gumi kusvika 2005, yakaderera nezvikamu zvinopfuura kota. Zvokugadzirwa Indasitiri kunyanya kuzviita kurasikirwa cadres ayo, kunyange kugadzirwa vhoriyamu zvishoma akasimuka. izvi zvose wakatsamwisa aibuda basa iri basa zvekutepfenyura, asi kunyange pano muitiro aienda zvishoma nezvishoma. tengeserana kwemauto vakawedzera manomwe muzana mumakore aya, asi mufananidzo uyu ungangova zvakazara kuratidza chokwadi: Nhamba haagoni kutora nhoroondo bhizimisi haina pamutemo. nharaunda mwoyo ine rutapudzo guru iri bhizimisi uye yakaderera mubairo vashandi nguva dzose kukura zvokutengeserana uye zvimwe zvisina basa.

Mari vokuparidzira

Muna 1999, vanopfuura makumi manomwe muzana yevagari venyika Penza nharaunda mugutsikane mari yakaderera zvikuru pane hwakagadzwa shoma subsistence pamwero. Ndokusaka nzvimbo rava kupfuura matambudziko ose Russian Federation yacho. Strong upfumi paanochinja kwakaita kuti mukuru wevakuru urombo, kutenga simba vagari 'mari yakanga yakaderera chaizvo, uye zvokurima, iyo inoshandirwa rinonyatsooneka chikamu vemo, vagara akabhadhara zvishoma.

Mumakore achangopfuura, urombo mwero kunoderedza zvishoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyika Nhamba dzinoratidza gumi muzana chipenyu pazasi urombo mutsetse, uye muna Penza mudunhu iri chikamu yatovapo zvikuru yepamusoro, dzimwe makumi manomwe kubva muzana. Zvino nzvimbo zviratidzi vava anenge chomumba pamwe navamwe kumatunhu ari Volga nharaunda.

mushonga

Zviratidzi kuongorora utano munharaunda zvisiri. Life anotarisirwa richiri kuderera. TB kuitika uye kufa idukusa muRussia yose, asi zviri kumusoro zvikuru kupfuura nhamba yevanofa kubva zvemwoyo chirwere, riri nokuda kukwegura kwevanhu. Infant hunofa ari nineties akanga kuvatumwa munyika mifananidzo, asi mugore, uye zvinobatsira ichi akarasika Penza nharaunda. Paiva makore apo ichi naye vasingagoni angaenzaniswa mimwe munharaunda nyika.

Development uye Kuwanikwa nokurapwa munharaunda - kazhinji shumo. Heuno yakaderera kupiwa vanachiremba - matatu namanomwe vanachiremba por zviuru gumi vakawanda, kureva, makumi matanhatu-rechisere nyika kumatunhu. Chete muna Penza nhamba iyi yakakwirira - vanachiremba matanhatu kuti vanhu zviuru gumi. In kumaruwa zvechokwadi dhefisiti zvakaoma kutarisira.

inotungamirwa

Educational bhora, zvakare, nenzira dzakawanda seri yakavakidzana kumatunhu. gumi chete muzana vakuru gumi nemakore vane dzidzo yepamusoro. National paavhareji pamusoro 2002 okuverengwa ane nemapfumbamwe muzana. Pakati vokumaruwa vagari Penza mudunhu dzidzo yepamusorosoro vane muzana nomwe chete. Education mumunda simba, sezvo pedyo yunivhesiti nzvimbo - Saratov uye Samara - entrants kuminyuka.

Mune Penza nharaunda mashanu ehurumende kumayunivhesiti, asi davi network iri underdeveloped. mabasa edzidzo musika haisi kukura, nokuti vakawanda kwazvo yakaderera mari. Vadzidzi nedzidzo yepamusorosoro vazhinji, asi nechepasi yakaderera chaizvo. It wava ndoda kuti yekosi dzidzo masangano.