Tsaona uye zviitiko

Ndege zvazvo vaiona zvikuru chimiro chokufambisa, tsaona chete ndege zvakawanda inosuruvarisa. Nokuti zviitiko izvozvo kunoratidzwa vakawanda vanotambura, dzinokuvadza kana kuparadzwa ane ndege, pachena kuchema uye nhau kutarisirwa.

Kupatsanura mhepo tsaona

Tsaona uye zviitiko dzinoiswa akawanda chikonzero. Kusiyanisa pasi uye kutiza tsaona. Ground ndivo zviitiko zvakaitika asati kana mushure kutiza. Aviation ndege tsaona - avo njodzi dzinoitwa mabasa vaunoshanda kuti ndege migove mudziyo.

Mukuwedzera, kusunungurwa breakage, tsaona uye njodzi. Breakage kunotungamirira zvishoma kuvadza ndege, zvibairo uye vachapona chiripo. Akatumidza chiitiko tsaona, kwete entailing kurasikirwa upenyu, umo ndege anogamuchira nouchapupu kukuvara kana kuparadzwa. Under njodzi kwaireva tsaona, izvo kubudikidza yoku:

• kuvadza ndege kuti ronda zvemari inexpedient kana zvisingabviri, kuparadzwa kwakakwana ndege;
• rufu vanhu kana vashandi nhengo uyewo vanhu kubva pakati avo mungarava, mukati mazuva 30 akatevera kubva nguva yacho chiitiko.

Zvinokonzera tsaona

The inonyanya kukonzera avhiyesheni tsaona mutyairi kukanganisa, t. E. The munhu chinhu. Muna 42% nyaya zvimwe zvikonzero tsaona zviitike. Njodzi Zvinhu ndeinotevera:

• 58% zviitiko kwakaguma norufu chete kana kupfuura vanhu kana vashandi nhengo, anowanikwa nokuda mutyairi wendege kukanganisa.
• 22% nyaya inokonzerwa njodzi kukundikana unyanzvi.
• 12% tsaona pamusana rwakashata okunze panguva kutiza.
• 9% tsaona zviitike nokuda magandanga.
• 7% ndiyo kukanganisa pasi tsvimbo yendege.
• 1% kubva avhiyesheni tsaona imhaka pokudzora siyana zvikonzero mhando.

Tsaona uye zviitiko kunobva akasimbisa evanhu chakaita 29% nyaya yakaitika sezvineiwo, nokuda hanya kana kukanganwa kuti vezvikepe, 16% kunobva zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa mamiriro rwakashata ekunze, muna 5% nyaya chikonzero tsaona anova michina kuramba.

nzira kuongorora mhepo abondera

Mumwe Tsaona kuti ndege pasi fanira ongororo uye ongororo. Mitemo kuongorora kuti avhiyesheni tsaona uye zviitiko dzinosanganisira kukurumidza pakagadzwa akurumidze mhinduro chikwata, izvo zvinosanganisira unyanzvi nzvimbo zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga chekuita munda uyu. Mune ramangwana, nyaya akataura Commission pamusoro Investigation of tsaona kana ndege chiitiko kuRussia, asi National Transportation Safety Board muUnited States kana mamwe mabasa.

Analysis kuti tsaona uye chiitiko kunosanganisira anotevera:

• Search mana makuru zvikamu ndege yokuziva ndege yakadonha pasi uye akaputsa mudenga.
• Search uye teererai kutiza vanyori.
• Check hurukuro vezvikepe pamwe dispatcher.
• Analysis ekunze mushumo.
• Find uye unganidza ose zvimedu ndege.
• Anoedza zvakafanana yemashoko michina simulators.
• Kuongororwa pachavo mafaira ari vezvikepe uye kuziva zvinoita mupfungwa zvinhu akachinja chokwadi njodzi.
• Vachiongorora vakatakurwa uye nhumbi mapepa kuti asava kana asimbise shanduro kurwiswa.
• Poll vachapona uye vakaonawo nhamo, zvaitika kuona mavhidhiyo.
• Pathologist zvitunha.

Statistics pamusoro abondera nenyika

Statistics tsaona chete yevagari ndege achishandisa guru kumucheto US-akatungamirira. Saka, kubva muna 1945 kusvika 2013 muUnited States zvakaitika tsaona anopfuura mazana manomwe fatalities. Accident Nhamba nokuti chete nguva rinoratidza kuti nhamba nzufu abondera kutakura uye rikarira nhengo aiva gumi uye chiuru hafu vanhu.

Russia anosuruvarisa nhamba iri pamusoro mutsetse rechipiri. The pamusoro nyika gumi zvichienderana neuwandu tsaona nenjodzi kwaisanganisirawo Canada, Brazil, Colombia, United Kingdom, France, India, Indonesia uye Mexico. US guru kutungamirira pamusoro dzimwe nyika vari chepamusoro nokuti kuti mugove US chakaita kuti 28% kubva Flights yevagari ndege munyika.

Chikuru tsaona mu Russia

Pane zvave tsaona huru pamusoro munharaunda Russia. Zvikuru zvinotyisa pamusoro nhamba vakaurayiwa tsaona kwaiva kurwisana pakati Tu-154, kuita ndege iri nzira Krasnodar-Novosibirsk kuburikidza Omsk, kubva yendege pamwe motokari nhatu pamutemo pamusoro runway muna 1984. The tsaona ndege yakaparadzwa, kubva vanhu 179 vakanga mundege, shanu chete vakapona.

Vamwe mabhuku kudana pakukura Russia dambudziko pamuganhu chiitiko kure chitsuwa Sakhalin muna 1983. Pashure kutyorwa maviri kumuganhu eSoviet akapfurwa pasi South Korean Boeing 747. The nhamba yevakafa yakanga vanhu 269.

The guru njodzi iri USSR

Tsaona USSR vane zana kana kupfuura uyo akafa nyaya nhatu chete munhoroondo avhiyesheni weSoviet. The guru chiitiko ndiyo kuwa Tu-154 pedyo Uchkuduk, pamusoro munharaunda Uzbekistan. Akashumira akwira mufambi kutiza kubva Karshi-Ufa-Leningrad, asi pashure mana nematanhatu maminitsi pashure yasimuka, ngarava akatadza kudzora uye akaenda tailspin. Mhaka zvinosuwisa chiitiko semupi kudzora chikanganiso. Maererano neimwe shanduro mutyairi zororo nguva rakatyoka. Vakauraya vanhu mazana maviri mundege.

September 11, 2001 kurwiswa nemagandanga muna US

Vaviri kupfuura nhamba tsaona munyika vanobatwa zviitiko Flight 11 Boston - Los Angeles uye 175 Logan - Los Angeles, uyo akanga akabatwa magandanga uye akatumira World Trade Center shongwe ine musiyano pakati maminitsi 17. In ndege yokutanga (Boeing 767-223ER) raiva 92 mubhazi, vezvikepe uye ndege vashandi, kusanganisira 5 mbavha, rechipiri - 65 vanhu, kusanganisira vane 5 mbavha. Somugumisiro wokutanga kusangana iri yose vakauraya vanhu vanenge 1692 (vatakurwi uye vashandi ndege, magandanga, vanhu vakanga vari World Trade Center uye vanunuri), pashure wechipiri vawirwa vachiri vanhu vanenge 965.

Tenerife Airport njodzi

Imwe tsaona huru zvakaitika pakupera March 1977 muna Canary Islands. On the runway akamisidzana mbiri "Boeing" achibhururuka kubva Amsterdam - Las Palmas uye Los Angeles - Las Palmas kuburikidza New York. The pamutemo kukonzera tsaona kuongorora vakaziva nokusanzwisisana Manager mirayiro uye vashandi kukanganisa. The tsaona yakauraya vanhu 583.

Njodzi Boeing 747 pa Tokyo

Muna 1985, tsaona, vaisanganisa kupfurikidza chiitiko chinorwadza kwakaitika muTokyo. Ndege vakatakura zvemukati Osaka Tokyo-kutiza, muswe stabilizer akarasikirwa maminitsi gumi pashure zvinokubatai-kure, mauri akarasika kuzvidzora uye yakadonha mugomo muJapan, 112 chete kubva muguta guru.

Vanhu 524 vakanga mungarava, ina chete vakapona. Vazhinji vakatakurwa haana kufa panguva kwechirwere, uye pasi - kubva hypothermia uye kukuvara. Zvichida kana rubatsiro akanga asvika ambotaurwa (mana vapona kuwanikwa pashure maawa gumi pashure kwokuputsika), vamwe vavo vaigona makaponeswa.

Charkhi Dadri mid-mhepo kudhumhana

The rokutanga nhamba yevanhu vari kudhumhana ndege mudenga njodzi - pokuwa vendege Airlines Boeing 747-168B Saudi Arabia Airlines uye Air Kazakhstan mudziyo. The chiitiko chakaitika mumatenga pamusoro Indian guta Charkhi Dadra. Kwokuputsika yakauraya vanhu 349 akwira vose ndege. Pakati vakaurayiwa tsaona kusanganisira vagari India, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, USA, Pakistan, Bangladesh uye UK (nokuderedza uwandu fatalities).

Zvinokonzera tsaona mukuru basa akaziva zvinhu zvinotevera:

• ruzivo varombo Chirungu ndege nevashandi uye vatyairi ndege;
• kushaya unyanzvi pakati vezvikepe uye vashandi pamusoro kusingagutsi pakuita mabasa;
• kushaya nyanzvi vomureza Mitsara nokuda vezvikepe;
• kuvapo chete chete mukoridho nokuda takeoffs uye landings;
• hapana Radar panhandare yendege Delhi India.

Airlines ikatsva pedyo Paris

The dambudziko chakaitika pamusoro Paris pakutanga March 1973. Airliner Airlines nendege kubva Istanbul kuLondon Via Paris, kana maminitsi matanhatu pashure yasimuka musuo nhumbi mupanda akazarurwa. Ndege akatadza kudzora uye kuwa yaparara kupinda diki zvimedu. Kuuraya zvose mune, kureva 334 vakatakurwa uye gumi rikarira nhengo.

The nemagandanga musi Atlantic Ocean

Magandanga chiito kuti kwakaitika muna 1985 pamusoro Atlantic Ocean, kwakauraya upenyu vanhu 329. Ikatsva yakaitika mumvura dzakawanda, ndege akaputsa zvidimbu somugumisiro kuputika iri nhumbi munhare. Mhosva tsaona vakafunga magariro mapoka matatu chete muUnited States uye Canada.

Dambudziko Saudi reArabhiya Airlines muna Riyadh

Muna 1980, Saudi Arabia Airlines ndege inobhururuka nzira Karachi - Riyadh - Jeddah. Maminitsi mashomanana pashure kutora-kure mungarava moto chakaitika. The vashandi pamusoro ndege akakwanisa kuita chimbichimbi kumhara, asi kununura basa rakatanga maminitsi chete maviri navatatu pashure kumhara. Flight Varanda vakatadza kuzarura mikova uye kutanga kubvisa, uye yendege mabasa vaida nguva kugadzirisa mirayiridzo yakakodzera iri Chirungu. Somugumisiro kunonoka, zvose 287 mubhazi uye rikarira nhengo vakaurayiwa uye gumi.

Dambudziko Donetsk muna 2014

Chikuru tsaona remakore maviri pakutanga yaimbova Soviet Union kwakaitika muzhizha ra2014 pamusoro munharaunda kanga pakati hurumende mauto uye hondo Donetsk vanhu Republic. "Boeing" 777, ichibhururuka kubva Amsterdam - Kuala Lumpur (guta guru Malaysia), yakarohwa ne "Book" munhu anozvipira propelled Anti-ndege yakaoma. Search oparesheni uye feya chiitiko rakanga rakaoma nokuti munharaunda apo ndege yakadonha, waiva pakati fronts maviri.

Somugumisiro njodzi vakauraya vanhu 298. Reis akatora mukana mutauriri World Health Organization, mumwe Seneta kubva Labor Party kweNetherlands, munyori vokuAustralia, vadzidzi of International AIDS Society. The Chiitiko rakava chinhu chinokosha pamusoro zvirango zvitsva pamusoro Russia, izvozvo zvakakanganisa Nehunde indices uye kusauka wekambani Malaysia Airlines.

Dambudziko nhumbi AN-32 muZaire

Top gumi Accident anopedzisa chiitiko nhumbi AN-32, vakatora nzvimbo muZaire. Ndege kukwanisa kumuka mumhepo uye ndokunobondera pamusika yakanga pedyo chaizvo runway. Somugumisiro tsaona akauraya makanika, akanga akwira ndege uye 297 vanhu pasi, pakati pavo kunyanya madzimai nevana. vanhu 66 chete vakakwanisa kuziva kuvakafa.