Umhare detembo - zviri ... munhu umhare detembo iri mabhuku

Chii chinonzi umhare detembo? Zviri pachena, iri izwi kureva yakati mabhuku Genre. Kupfuura inozivikanwa uye vakasiyana nevamwe? Umo nyika vakasikwa mabasa akadai? Chii chinogona kushanda muenzaniso Genre ichi? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzinogona kuwanika munyaya.

The Zvinoumba pfungwa

Zvechokwadi, "umhare nhetembo" - chine izwi. Kwakavakirwa pfungwa mbiri: "Poem" uye "Hero". Zvine musoro kufunga chimwe nechimwe pacho choga, uye ipapo nokubatanidza zvaanoreva.

Detembo (kubva muchiGiriki. Poiema «Zvisikwa") somunhu Genre huru Vhoriyamu chigadzirwa mundima chokuita lyric-paakaita genus. basa iri une zvakawanda zvikamu, vakabatanidzwa rimwe storyline, umo rondedzero vakapfuura chiitiko chinokosha chero. Zviri detembo Somunyori Genre:

• unwrapped nyaya (zhinji mifananidzo nezviitiko);
• rondedzero nzvimbo (dzimwe nguva anofukidza makore uye zvizvarwa);
• zvakadzama rakavhurika mufananidzo lyrical.

detembo kwakatangira vavete yekare uye Ages epics.

Hero (.. Kubva Greek geros «munhu akashinga, murume akasimba, ane Demi-mwari" uye French heros «gamba») - mumabhuku, shoko iri rinogona kumirira zvinotevera pfungwa:

• ari protagonist ane basa;
• Vakatsunga vakashinga, muiti ose anoshamisa.

Aumba kubva rokuti "gamba", iro chipauro "umhare" ukuwo, rinogona kureva zvinotevera:

• anogona heroism;
• Pakurondedzera chero umhare zviitiko.

Umhare Poem: Definition

Uchishandisa tsanangudzo "Poem" uye "gamba" inogona akagadzira, izvo zvinoreva kuti "umhare nhetembo". Izvi mabhuku multipart wokufananidzira basa, musoro zviri zvimwe zvakakosha uye umhare zviitiko anowanzonzi chokuita kunozivikanwa vatambi vavo mabasa kana pakufamba.

Umhare detembo - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, munhu noumhizha, inova anodzidza kupatsanurwa chevarwere yakakura, hunhu dzakawanda uye iyo yave iripo kubvira kare.

Umhare detembo chimiro mumwe kana mumwe zviripo dzinenge rudzi ose enyika. Epic zvavo tsika zvishoma nezvishoma akabatanidza kupinda wokufananidzira zvinogara, ipapo akasimuka mukurumbira uye mukurumbira.

Kazhinji, Epic ndiye muvambi, kukabatanidzwa uye kupatsanurwa zvakasiyana mabhuku ngano. Mienzaniso yekare umhare yakakura vari: Indian "Ramayana" uye "Mahabharata", Greek "rinonzi Iliad" uye "Odyssey", Old Odin "Edda" Finnish "Kalevala", Germany "Rwiyo Nibelungs", yeFrance "Rwiyo Roland", rokuItari "Jerusarema Rinonunurwa,"-Saxon "Beowulf" uye zvichingodaro. n.

Kubva kare kuti classicism

Genre umhare yakakura akafuridzirwa vadetembi yakaita kare, uye zvinotevera emakore. Parainge yakasvika muna XVIII remakore., Uye rave nechido dzakatorwa vamiririri classicism. Historical Genre kuti nhetembo vade zvavo umhare pathos, sublimity uye nekodzero. The lyrical gamba ari nhetembo hazvo aifanira kuva muenzaniso mutsika. Classicists akadana izvi mabasa porusvingo enhetembo art. Zvaidavirwa kuti mumwe rudzi vanofanira kuedza kusika pachavo umhare nhetembo dzavo.

Panguva padariro maruva kuti dzenhoroondo umhare nhetembo - ibasa enhetembo rakanyorwa kutobaya manyorerwo uye zvinosanganisira dzinoverengeka misoro, kazhinji kunzi "nziyo". Musoro chokurondedzera kunokonzeresa vakava munhau, zvinokosha kuti vanhu munyika yose vanhu. Chimwe zita Genre ichi - yakakura.

The zviri umhare nhetembo

Maererano canons zviri classicism, basa rakadaro rinofanira hazvo zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinoriumba:

• kutanga ndichizivisa nyaya chokurondedzera;
• Ndinokwirira kuna vaya akafuridzira mudetembi;
• vakawanda mashoko vanorondedzerwa hondo zvatinoona;
• naka chiitiko zvinhu uye rengano vatambi;
• ndeyokufananidzira vatambi vaimiririra mutevedzeri simba Justice, simba, negodo uye mamita p..
• mutsetse ramangwana vakasimuka seuprofita.

In Russian tsika yacho

Russian umhare detembo yakazokudziridzwa nemabasa M. V. Lomonosova ( "Petr Veliky"), V. K. Trediakovskogo ( "Tilemahida"), A. P. Sumarokova ( "Dimitriadi") uye A. N. Maykova ( "Paakasunungurwa Moscow ") uye M. M. Heraskova (" The hondo "uye" Rossiada "). mabasa ose aya akanga akanyorwa dzekare manyorerwo. Raibuda akatumira maererano imwe nzira nzira: kana uri nhoroondo kutonga pabindu. Muchiitiko chokutanga kusimbisa rakanga riri kuchengetedza zvenhau, uye wechipiri - iri mifananidzo kududzirwa zviitiko zvekare uye kukura kwavo netsika kuongorora. Naizvozvo, vamwe Russian umhare nhetembo dzakasiyana chaizvo mumwe mumagadzirirwo uye kukoshesa.

In tsika yacho Eastern

Umhare detembo kuMabvazuva duku paakaita Genre, inozivikanwa se "Dastan" (rinoshandurwa kubva "nyaya" Persian). basa kwakadaro kunogona kunyorwa nhetembo, prose, uye kunyange mutauro yakavhenganiswa (kureva anogona chokubatanidza nhetembo uye prose).

Kazhinji, munhu zano dastan akarara chevarwere ngano uye rengano. Nokuti Genre iri kakawanda va- nezviitiko nyaya siyana dzinokanganisa akaoma uye muchichinjana. Mufananidzo gamba iri tsika yakanaka. Saka, kumabvazuva epos chinhu analogue yeEuropean umhare nhetembo.

Izvi Genre chaiko anomiririrwa mu mabasa Tajik-Persian, Uzbek uye Kazakh vadetembi. Mienzaniso Oriental umhare nhetembo: "Layla uye Majnun" zimbabwe Persian nhetembo Nizami Gyandzhevi, Epic nhetembo "Shahnameh" Ferdowsi, nhetembo Uzbek mudetembi Alisher Navoi uye Persian-Tajik nyanduri Jami.

Yokuronda nhoroondo nzira kuti vakapfuura umhare nhetembo, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti Genre uyu runozivisa vanhu panguva mumatanho ose ivepo, uye akanga mberi mune dzakawanda dzenyika.