Umo gore St. Petersburg rakaumbwa? Akavamba St. Petersburg?

Umo gore St. Petersburg rakaumbwa? mubvunzo uyu unofadza zvikuru, nekuti guta rino inonzi Northern Palmyra. vagari varo vanoonekwa kuti vakadzidza. City kwenguva refu yaiva guta guru reRussia Empire. Iye kunowanda mumamiziyamu, dzamadzimambo, zvivako uye tsika.

Umo gore St. Petersburg rakaumbwa

Zvinozivikanwa kuti musi May nderechi 27 1703rd kubudikidza sezvakarayirwa Russian chevaux Peter I musi Hare Island kuvakwa wakakombwa chakatangwa. Akava chivako yokutanga muguta, iro akazopiwa zita St. Petersburg. Guta pacharwo rakagadzirwa nevanhu mavambo.

Where St. Petersburg rakaumbwa? Vazhinji vanodavira kuti zvinoita kana yakawedzera kubva chinhu marshes. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi. About gore chii rakavakwa St. Petersburg uye nzira zvikazooneka nokukurumidza nekuivaka, ruchapinda mberi. Kwokutanga kuti kuvakwa zvakanga zvakaoma uye kudhura chaizvo urongwa.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Settlement pamuromo Neva River akatanga chakavakwa, kubvira XIV remakore, yeSweden (Landkrona Fortress, 1300) uye Novgorod (Ust-Ohta, 1500). Muna 1611, panguva confluence of Okhta River kupinda Neva yeSweden ndokuvaka nhare Nienschanz, pedo nokukurumidza akazviratidza Nienshtadt kugarwa (mu Swedish - "guta riri Neva"), izvo 1632 vakagamuchira mamiriro guta. By kuguma XVII remakore Nienshtadt akava rakakura zvokutengeserana pachiteshi, takapoteredzwa vakawanda yawo. Muna 1703 iye akabatwa nemauto Russian uye zita Shlotburg.

Initial zvarongwa Peter I

Ndiani akavamba St. Petersburg uye vakanga prerequisites ichi? Kudzivirira kundima itsva akakundwa muna Swedish Ingria munguva Northern War, chevaux Peter ndakasarudza kuvaka nhare itsva, iyo yakavambwa May 27, 1703 pane rimwe zviwi zviri widest chikamu pamuromo Neva. A June 29, pana St. Petro Day, nhare ainzi St. Peter-Burj (mukukudza muapostora Petro). Ichi chimwe mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti umo gore St. Petersburg rakaumbwa. Pakutanga, kuti mhanyisa kuvakwa kwamasvingo wakadururwa muvhu. Uye chisikwa masonry zvivako vakatanga makore matatu gare gare. Zvakaratidza kuti zita nhare uye akapa zita ramangwana reguta, iro rakatanga chakavakwa kumativi pamusoro vakapedzwa marshes uye yakavakidzana zvitsuwa.

temberi yokutanga St. Petersburg, resitorendi uye Marina

Muna November, ari 1703rd musi Birch Island akazarura temberi yokutanga guta - Utatu. It pakutanga yakavakwa huni. Zvisinei, makore mashomanana zvakanzi yakavakwazve ibwe. kokutanga, akanga ari mukuru nzvimbo dzokunamatira guru idzva. Rakanga pano muna 1721-M Petro akatora musoro mambo. The nharaunda iri iyo temberi yaiva, vaiva zita chete - Trinity. Iye akabuda kurwizi. Neva. Pano uye kufanorongwa ari Marina kweguta wokutanga. Kwaari iwo yaswedera midziyo yakawanda vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa. wokutanga tavern uye chivanze zvigaro rakanga Akavaka nzvimbo. The chitsuwa, iyo yaiva nhare, zvakanzi zita kuna Hare muguta.

kuvaka

Kuti rikurumidze kuvakwa kwezvivako ibwe Peter I akarambidza kuvakwa ibwe zvose pamusoro Russia, asi nerimwe vaipinda St. Petersburg kuzviuru mutero chaiyo. Murume aifanira kuunza imwe mari namabwe kana kubhadhara yakaenzana wawo mari. Buildings vari zvakare kuvakwa mhiri korwizi. Built shipyard. Vakavakazve Vasilyevsky chitsuwa kuti Petro aida kuti guta centre. The kuvakwa kwacho kwakanga kwakaoma, asi uyo akavamba St. Petersburg, aiva kutsunga kutevera kuburikidza uye aiziva zvokuita.

Kuvaka guta, rakanga akaronga se "hwindo kuna Europe", vanotungamirirwa nyanzvi vatorwa, uye kuvakwa mabasa vari kuitwa serfs, uye zvichingodaro. N. mamiriro vanhuwo zvavo. Last akaunganidza wokubata basa. Vakaunzwa kubva zvose pamusoro Russia. vanhu vanenge chete 24 zviuru vaiita watemwa mumasango, zvikasabudiswa anezvimiti uye kuvaka migwagwa. Sezvo 1717 zvavo vanhu vaivapowo rokuvaka. Panguva ino kare akarasika anenge 6% vashandi kuvakwa 300 zviuru.

Zvivako wekutanga vakashumira utilitarian uye, kupfuura zvose, mupomerwi ishande. Munhu akavamba St. Petersburg, Russia aida kutanga kuvapo munharaunda iyi kwemazana emakore. Nokukurumidza, kuvakwa yava kunyanya kupararira uye yave ichiitwa kunyatsofunga uye nenhevedzano. Mabasa akange akatarisira ezvivako ounyanzvi. Muna 1706-M nokuda basa ose mabasa uye mibvunzo Office Urban Affairs akasikwa. Muna 1716-M rakagamuchirwa chikuru toronga guta, zvakagadzirirwa nokuda mapurani Domenico Trezzini, uyo akashanda muguta kubva pakuvambwa kwayo. Ihwo hunoenderana zano iri, Centre akaronga pachigaro Vasilyevsky Island. Kwakadaro kwaiva chero paangodira amambo. Chitsuwa okumavirira migero maviri Neva. urongwa hwake hwokukanganwira geometrically dzose afoot pamusoro mumigwagwa, uye kuti abudise makwara. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, pakuvaka inotungamirirwa Jean-Baptiste Leblond.

Guta guru roumambo

Hongu, Peter Mukuru akavamba St. Petersburg. Zvishoma nezvishoma guta rakanga vakabudirira rakavakwazve uye ndokukura. Yokutanga yokumwe chikepe akasvika pavaigona 1703. In 1705th guta ruzivo zhinji, uye muna 1712-M St. Petersburg akaziviswa guru Russia. Pano ose ehurumende masangano Imperial dare vakanga vambomira. Yandakapiwa Great Northern War panguva yakanga isati yapera, ndiko yakasiyana nhoroondo muenzaniso - guta guru rehurumende riri pasi rimwe. St. Petersburg yakaramba guta guru Russia kusvikira 1918, pakwakanga zvakare akazivisa Moscow.

Muna 1709, chikoro paruzhinji yokutanga reRussia yakavhurwa muSt Petersburg, muna 1719-metres - wokutanga Museum (Kunstkamera). Muna 1724-M rakavambwa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Muna 1728-M vakatanga kubudisa pepanhau yokutanga Russian. Muna 1851 St. Petersburg raiwanzobatana Moscow 451-kiromita njanji.

Kubvira ivepo, guta rakanga kunzi kakawanda (mu Petrograd muna 1914, Leningrad muna 1924). Muna 1991, akanga adzokera zita chepakutanga. Ndicho rechitatu pakukura pamaguta Europe. In 1725th vanhu St. Petersburg aiva vanhu vanenge zviuru 40, vakawanda vacho vaiva nemauto, vagari mumisha yakanga yakavakidzana nowedu, uyewo nhare, anonzi guta nokuda rokuvaka. Pakazopera zana remakore paiva vagari vanenge 200 zviuru. Zvino St. Petersburg ndiyo musha vanopfuura mamiriyoni 5 vanhu.

chipo

1 Peter akavamba St. Petersburg, uye guta akazova rine nyika. Pari zvino pane migwagwa inenge 1,200 uye machechi anopfuura 70. Vashanyi haangamuregeri hanya zvinokwezva akadai Kronstadt, Gostiny Dvor, St. Peter uye Paul Cathedral uye Petro Paul Fortress, ari Winter Palace, ari Hermitage, Kunstkamera nevamwe. Uyai guta riri Neva, vachigovana nhoroondo nyika yake yaakaberekerwa!