Urea-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti: kugadzirwa, zvivako uye kushandisa

Urea-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti vari zvinowanzoshandiswa kuvaka, matanda uye nezvimwe maindasitiri. Industrial nzira kubereka dzavo kutanga muna US muna 1927. Nokuti simba uye mvura nemishonga ine polyesters uye epoxy Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti zvinhu zvakadai zviri zvishoma akaderera. Ukuwo, uye nokuita kuti isingadhuri zvikuru.

How kuti

Ndawana nebwe CFS, sezvo kare zvinogona kuoneka zita, kubudikidza polycondensation kuti formaldehyde pamwe urea. Dzinomirira asiri zvinobata moto aqueous kuturika makavigwa viscosity uye ruvara anogona siyana zvichienderana mugiredhi. Kugadzirwa urea-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti yemanyorero kunosanganisira kushandisa chaiye jacketed uye stirrer zvikuru, apparatuses. The yose kugadzira muitiro mishonga yakadaro inosanganisira matanho inokosha zvitatu:

• polycondensation;

• acidic condensation;

• nokuomesa.

The polycondensation nebwe riri kuitwa alkaline unosvikirwa ari ph nemapinduriro mhinduro akaenzana 7.5-8. Panguva kugadzira muitiro anofanira nechokwadi kuti matadza reshiyo urea: formaldehyde ndiwo 1: 1.6-1.9.

The acidic condensation riri kuitwa svikiro pamwe ph = 4.5-4.8. Panguva iyi, nokuda chichiwedzera samolecular kurema anotanga kuwedzera zvinoshamisa zviri viscosity chemhinduro. еще одну порцию карбамида. Panoperera iri acidic condensation maitiro ari nebwe akawedzera chimwe chikamu urea. The zvaida mari yamarudzi ichi rinowanikwa kuitira kuti matadza nhamba zvakamisa hurongwa iri zvichiguma mhinduro yakanga 1: 1.3-1.4. In kuomesa danho nebwe riri akararamawo aida hama viscosity tsika. продукт охлаждают и модифицируют с целью снижения его токсичности. Panguva yokupedzisira Danho chigadzirwa iri dzaserera uye unogadzurudzirwa kuderedza toxicity kwayo.

Makuriro Akaita kushandiswa

Urea-formaldehyde nebwe inoshandiswa (Formula N = CH2 C = O uye NH2 HOCH2NH C = NH2) unogona pakuburitswa:

• Fiberboard uye particleboard;

• plywood;

• putties, pendi uye varnishes;

• mwando nemishonga pepa paperboard (impregnation);

• furo.

карбамидоформальдегидная (КФ-МХ2) в бурении . Uyewo aiwanzoshandisa urea nebwe (KF-MX2) mu kuchera. Muchiitiko ichi rinoshandiswa sezvo zvaiva simende slurry. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, muri viscous muvhenganiswa anogona kuomesa nokukurumidza mudenga. Cement slurries anoshandiswa zvikurukuru asunga ari casing uye kuvadzivirira kubva ngura.

Clay anotsanangura CFS

Panguva emakambani rwematurusi maindasitiri kwayo yakaisvonaka chimiro haawanzopiwi kushandiswa CFS. Zvikuru wakajairika chikuru chinhu sokushandiswa kuveza urea nebwe guruu. The chikuru akasiyana zvigadzirwa akaita maererano CFS, pane vashanu:

• EC-B - yokutsanya Kurapwa namira;

• CF-O - General chinangwa (formaldehyde kugutsikana kwete kupfuura 0.25%);

• KF-MT - yakaderera chepfu, kushandiswa pakugadzira fiberboard uye particleboard;

• KF-F - pamwe rakawedzera chinhanho;

• KF-BZ - Chine zvakanakira ari zvizivikanwe EC-B uye KF-F.

Quick-CF-B adhesives kuveza emakambani ane bhizimisi Anonyanyowanika kushandiswa pakugadzira plywood uye midziyo lining mapuranga pamusoro-chete span yokudhinda. Malotokischny chigadzirwa CF-O rinoshandiswa pana vakawanda chete gluing mapepa. Uyewo, namira ichi aitwe anogadzira zvinhu plywood. Chipboard uye fiberboard pamwe kushandiswa kwayo hauna. Nokuti Kugadzirwa nemahwendefa inobva Chip kana internet chigadzirwa rinoshandisirwa CF-MT chiratidzo.

Guruu dzakakwirira chinhanho akakwana kuti unobva mhando dzose midziyo zvikamu. Plan mune zvimwe zviitiko inogona akashandisa kusimbisa simba nevhu. adhesives Universal KF-BZ zvinonyanya yaiwanzoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu plywood uye nefenicha. Uyewo, vanogona kushandiswa pakugadzira dzakasiyana-siyana Joinery zvigadzirwa. Zvichienderana mhando achirapa ose adhesives inobva FSC anogona kushandiswa zvose inopisa uye kutonhora gluing.

Dzimwe pakuvaka, matanda uye zvichingodaro. D. Uri kushandiswa uye chinokosha adhesives ane zvakasiyana kwemarudzi nadzurudzo yokuvirisa.

The ehupfumi kuti nebwe MT-CF

Magadzirirwo kubva urea-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, zvichienderana chikumbiro angava akasiyana. Kubva tafura pazasi rinopa mashoko pamusoro ehupfumi zvikuru mukurumbira KF-MT nebwe zvaishandiswa pakugadzira fiberboard uye particleboard.

Other pezvitsiga KF KF-MT-Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti iri musiyano zvikurukuru nokuda shoma viscosity panguva hwakanyatsorwisa yakakwirira yakaoma nyaya. Izvi zvinhu kubvumira kusuma nayo mixers pamwe airless pfapfaidzo. Kushandiswa midziyo yakadai, akavapindurawo, chinoita kuti chinokosha zvinoderedza mwando yematanda kubatwa nebwe nezvimedu uye maererano kuderera nguva kudzvanya kwamahwendefa.

Impregnating nebwe (SKFP)

mhando iyi CFS rinoshandiswa kugadzirwa mvura nemishonga makadhibhokisi nebepa. Dzimwe nguva chinoshandiswawo impregnate ari decoration mupumburu mafirimu, plywood uye particleboard uye fiberboard. Zvinotevera tafura chinoratidza zvechadenga chigadzirwa.

Zvinoitwa nebwe rakashandiswa pagadzirwe coatings

Nokuti chinangwa ichi, yemanyorero ndikarangarira chigadzirwa muchiso K-421-02 rinomirira melaminokarbamidoformaldegidnaya läpinäkyvä nebwe mvura ane zvinotevera ehupfumi:

Properties KF-MX2

Urea-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti inoshandiswa kugadzira simende slurries vanofanira kutevedzera zvizere GOST.

Urea formaldehyde furo: kukura kwebasa kushandiswa

chigadzirwa ichi dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa kuvaka sezvo kuputira zvinhu. Rinogona kushandiswa kuputira nechando:

• masvingo;

• denga nzvimbo;

• zvenguva uriri uye ceilings.

In tichienzanisa kwakajairika rakawedzerwa polystyrene, polystyrene CFS ane mumwe mukana unokosha. Izvi zvinhu zviri zvachose non-zvinobata moto. urea-formaldehyde nebwe muri boka thermosetting zvinhu. Ndicho neizvi maitiro mavari haagoni kuva ne tsanangudzo. Saizvozvowo, CFS-furo munguva moto hakurevi kuumba uchanyangadika. The chete - pasi pokudzora yakakwirira tembiricha izvozvo anorasikirwa uremu ikakuruma kuburikidza allocating non-utano hwevanhu, senitrogen uye carbon dioxide. The upenyu basa furo mukati kwemarudzi iri pamusoro chete kwakaita extruded polystyrene - anenge 80 makore. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa muchimiro ndiro uye mvura ezvinhu. Mukupera zvazvingava, gobvu nyore akadurura kupinda mhango akasiyana-siyana rokuvaka zvivako.

How kuti furo CFS

Kokutanga nyaya iyi anofadza akaonekwa mukupera 30-ies muGermany. MuEurope, chichiri kushandiswa pakuvaka zvivako uye ezvirevo. Muna 30% nyaya yakasiyana siyana kuputira walling akashandisa izvi zvinhu. Mumakore achangopfuura vachiwedzera dzakakurumbira CFS-furo anova muRussia.

Mukugadzira mabikirwo hita izvi zviri nyore kunzwisisa. On Kutengeswa pane kunyange chaiyo, panongova chipa midziyo, kutenga kuti, pfungwa, vanogona kuva munhu. Unoshanda zvivako zvakadai sezvinotevera:

• muna imwe midziyo yakazara mvura mhinduro ine phosphoric asidhi uye anopupuma mumiririri;

• mune mumwe mudziyo pachayo akaisa zvakanaka urea nebwe;

• mudhiramu akazaruka tap.

Nokuti nokusanganisa zvinhu zvinoumba vaishandisa pombi simba. Urea-formaldehyde nebwe furo rukova vari kwakadonhera navo chaiyo chisanganiso. The zvichiguma uremu mugaba wadururirwa kupinda mhango kubudikidza bight zvakagadzirwa kamwene.

The ehupfumi of nebwe rakashandiswa kugadzirwa furo

Nokuti chinangwa ichi, pakuvaka unowanzoshandiswa chigadzirwa muchiso KFZH-PV. Iyi mvura nebwe riri chena kana chiedza mashava ruvara, nokurondedzerwa zvinofanira kuenzaniswa zvaidiwa GOST.

Sezvo akanzi CF-nebwe

Saka, ndakawana kwakapararira zvikuru pakuvaka indasitiri uye urea nebwe kushanda. chigadzirwa ichi Kunoonekwa maererano zvinodiwa GOST 14192. Chikwata riri mudziyo pamwe CFS kana inivhoyisi anofanira kuvapo:

• zita The mugadziri wacho pamwe vanozivikanwa ake;

• mambure uremu;

• Resin chiratidzo;

• musi gadzira;

• batch mangé nhamba;

• kubva pakunzi mureza pachayo.

Sezvo zvinofanira ndokurongedza nebwe

Large kuveza uye kuvakwa makambani kutenga chigadzirwa ichi kazhinji huru kwazvo yakawanda. Panyaya iyi, iyo urea-formaldehyde nebwe KF runopiwa yaro kuenda mu njanji matangi. batch mangé duku akazara kupinda simbi ngoma. Recent pamberi kushandiswa, maererano GOST 13950, inofanira wosukurudzwa kwazvo. Standards achitirega vachikanda nebwe kusanganisira mune multi-dhiramu zvidiki kwokunze kuremara.

bvunzo nzira

Tora urea nebwe batch miti (pamwe chete unhu uye achirema hapana anopfuura 200 matani). Kuongorora kunaka chigadzirwa kuedzwa. In padariro wokutanga gadzira dzavo:

• zvakabudiswa nguva mimwe simbi chubhu;

• remubatanidzwa ndewekugovera ose ivhu regirazi chirongo;

• Kunyora pamwe musi rokuti uye zvakabudiswa nzvimbo.

Chaizvoizvo pachake yokuedzwa zvingasanganisira kuona rokuongorora, uyewo kutsunga murabhoritari:

• uremu akaoma vakasara neimwe mharidzo;

• vanobudisa chikamu vakasununguka formaldehyde;

• hydrogen Ion wevasungwa;

• gel nguva;

• miscibility nemvura;

• tensile simba.

How kutakura uye chitoro

Zvifambiswe urea nebwe (Kirasi ngozi yacho pfuma - II) kuita kuti zvose senga modes. At mhepo kutonhora pazasi 0 ° ^C anobvumirwa kushandisa kupisa exchangers chete kana midziyo pamwe insulating coatings. Mukupera zvazvingava, kudziyisa kunoitwa nokutumira mvura inopisa kuti okutanga tangi. CFS tembiricha pashure nzira iyi inofanira haapfuuri 25 ^C. To kubereka hwemvura kudziyisa wakarambidzwa chigadzirwa.

Muzhizha, apo mhepo kubva t 25 ^C, zvifambiswe nebwe haagoni refu kupfuura mazuva 10. Achengetere chigadzirwa pa kutonhora pazasi 5 ^{° C} uye kwete kupfuura ²⁰ ° C muna chisimbiso mugaba. It haabvumirwi kuchengeta zvirongo kana Matangi pamwe nebwe zvakananga chezuva. Uyewo GOST anorayiridza yokuchengetera midziyo pamwe chigadzirwa ichi pasi musasa, tisingaregi pakunzwisisa kunayisa.

Urea nebwe: vaburitsi pezvitsiga

To musi, yakabereka vanenge 500 zviuru. Matani CFS gore Russia. The Kudeuka mudzimba makambani zvinobatanidzwa nokubudiswa chigadzirwa ichi ndiwo:

• "Ugra lespromholding";

• "Shatura";

• Cherepovets uye Volga nharaunda plywood fenicha mafekitari;

Chinonziwo mubasa nyika yedu kugadzirwa mishonga akadai urea-formaldehyde nebwe, ivo vaburitsi yeRussian-Finnish. It unyanzvi kweShanduro iyi Somuenzaniso, JSC "Metadynea" uye nhengo European hanya Swiss Krono Group Company "Kronostar East." Uyewo, CFS ndeimwe mhando zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa kunoitwa likes kwemakemikari indasitiri se "Akron" uye "Metafaks".