Vagari of Perm Region: madzinza nziyo uye zvakawanda

Perm Kama - yakasiyana nedzimwe nharaunda iri ethno-tsika kuremekedzwa. Vagari of Perm nharaunda munhoroondo yacho kumhuka multiethnic kubva Inoziva vanhu vayo yakasiyana zvachose uye mutauro uye mavambo, uye pamusoro netsika uye nzira youpenyu. Zvinoguma anonakidza ethno-tsika kunzwisisa, nemamwe kuRussia uye munharaunda yayo hazvisi kuwanikwa. Vagari of Perm Territory panguva ivepo hwakavaka ukama pachokwadi nzira rugare, pakanga pasina kurwisana kwemadzinza.

chizvarwa

The kukurukurirana dzavanhu munharaunda iyi Zvaigaroitika nokushingaira, pakati maitiro zvinhu - zhinji dzinza nokukwereta somugumisiro pedyo kuonana dzavo nevavakidzani. Vagari of Perm Region rakashandisa siyana uye kunosiyana inosiyana simba - kusvikira Mhedziso kuitwa. Mundima yakakura iyi uye ikozvino kune vanopfuura zana namakumi maviri marudzi, kuva mapoka matatu mitauro: Finno-Ugric, Turkic, necheSalvic. Izvi akwanise nokuda kwezvikonzero zvavo, izvo dzichakurukurwa munyaya ino. Nei Perm Region ine vanhu ethnically siyana sezvamunoita? Chokutanga, nokuti Kama nharaunda kwagara kare yokuchinja marudzi avo kana vakatamira pamahombekombe ari Kama, tichazombodzoka kuyambuka Mountains Ural munzira kuenda kuSiberia, kubva Europe, uye vakutarisire - kubva kuSiberia kusvikira budiriro.

Pano uye ikozvino zvinokosha nzira kutaura Russian Plain uye Western Europe ne taiga uye inowanzorimwa kumatunhu Asia, uyewo dzekumabvazuva. Vagari of Perm nharaunda, Perm Territory rinopedza kumahombekombe Kama shure mumazuva iwayo, kana chete rwizi uye ayo rechibharo vaigona kuenda antiikki kutengeserana. Chokwadi, izvi zvose nesimba simba ravo pamusoro paumbwe kunzwisisa National sezvamunoita yakadaro. Nechekare negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore paiva zvachose vagari vari Russian, Bashkir, wechiTatar, Mari, Udmurt uye Komi-Permian uye Mansi. YaMakoronike kupfuura yekare inonzi vaya akaita kugarwa pamusoro Perm yeRwizi Perm dunhu rokutanga - a madzinza Permian, zvimwe - Zyrians vari madzitateguru of Komi-Perm uye Komi-Zyrian, uye pakutanga akararama Ugra rudzi pano - madzitateguru vemazuva Khanty uye Mansi. Zvadaro, negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, nhoroondo kunoshamisa munyika yedu zvakaita pano uye vamiriri vemamwe marudzi mazhinji.

Russian uye Ukrainians

Zvikuru vanhu vazhinji muno okupedzisira zana apfuura akanga Russian, vari panguva anopfuura maviri uye mamiriyoni nehafu, kana 85.2% of zvachose Vagari ari Perm nharaunda. Ivo agadzirise zvakaenzana pamusoro zvakawanda nendima akatonga. Anosiyiwa ndivo chete Bardymsky nemaruwa mashanu Komi-Perm zvionera District, Russian pane 38,2 chete%. Ruzhinji rwakapindura Russian vagere muguta Perm Krai. Maererano madhorobha vakawanda rikunde - 75,74%, maererano 2017. All vari Perm nharaunda musha 2.632.097 vanhu arambe achirema vanhu 16,43 paminiti mativi kiromita. Russian munharaunda iyi - Vanhu vakauya, vakatanga kugara pano kubvira muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, kana Verkhnekamsk nyika yakava chikamu Russian wehurumende. Vazhinji vose, vakaenda kuchamhembe, uye vakanga vanhuwo zvavo. Pakuwedzerwa kumuganhu kumabvazuva Russian kutanga pakugona nyika itsva. Muzana nemanomwe remakore ikoko yakaumbwa chitsidzo uye vakura munyika boka, rwakazokura chikamu Russian rudzi.

Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, ikakura zvakatowanda weguta Perm Krai. Vazhinji nharaunda akava ungana, uye dzinza akafanana zvakawanda zvakaoma. Vagari ava vakatanga kusvika kure kwazvo nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, muna 1897 imomo kare yakabatana isiri akagadzirisa rimwe namakumi mapfumbamwe namashanu Ukrainians uye ramakumi maviri remakore rapfuura, vanga zvakawanda - anenge chiuru. Vakagara Okhansk Osa uye mumaruwa, uye akauya pano somugumisiro munyika kuchinja Stolypin. Zvino uwandu vanhu Ukrainian Territory nyika Perm kunopfuura zviuru gumi vanhu. Yavanogara anenge ose pamaguta: Kizel, miromo, Gremyachinsk, Berezniki, Aleksandrovsk, sezvo pane shoma kugara izvi uye Komi-Perm zvionera District.

Belarusians uye Poles

Belarusians First akauya pano pashure Russian pakupera nemisere remakore. Pakutanga vakanga zvishoma pane vanhu makumi masere, kusanganisira vakawanda chikamu - muna Perm muruwa. Panguva iyo kuchinja, vari midzi nhamba zvikuru pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, paitova kupfuura zviuru zvitatu. Ruzhinji Belarusians - vomumusha, akararama nguva dzose chiine uchichengeta mutauro uye netsika dzose upenyu. Zvino vari Perm mudunhu matanhatu nehafu chiuru, uye muna Okhansk Osa uye nzvimbo yavo pasi, vose akatamira kumucheto rwokumusoro, riri panzvimbo maindasitiri uye zvemari. Uye indasitiri iri kukura nokukurumidza zvikuru, uye sezvo vagari venyika Perm nharaunda kana dai, zvakanga zvisina kukwana kuita izvi. Development uye engineering, uye petrochemical, kemikari, mafuta achinatsa, miti, pulp nebepa, kuveza uye kudhinda Mazinga.

Heano huru ferrous neasiri ferrous simbi, uyewo mafuta, marasha, potashi uye munyu. Basa kwagara zvakawanda, uye ikozvino akagwinya yevagari of Perm nharaunda iri kuremekedza ichi, kwete kutukwa. Pamberi chimurenga, Perm raiva guta aizivikanwa nhapwa dzezvematongerwo enyika. Kunyanya pakati Poles vazhinji vakatapwa vakatendeuka kubva pano kuti mukupera nemasere remakore, apo Poland aiva chikamu Russian Empire, akatora mugove munyika yekusunungura sangano. The Verenga 1897 anoratidza mari imwe chiuru nevagari duku Polish mavambo. Perm akava musha wavo wechipiri. Zvinofanira akati kuti nhamba yavo pasi Kama nharaunda kwemazana emakore zvose izvi zviri anenge makawedzera. Muna 1989, ivo Poles ari Perm Territory muna 1183 raiva nevanhu.

Komi

Komi-Permian, kungova Finno-Ugric marudzi inogarwa kubva wegumi remakore, hukuru nyika yokumusoro kunosvika kuna Kama River. mutauro wavo uye mavambo vari pedyo Komi marudzi uye Udmurtia. Muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu ari Komi-Permian wokutanga vanhu Urals akabatana Russian State. The arambe achirema chavagari of Perm nharaunda mumazuva iwayo kwakanga kusiri kudaro yakakwirira. Kana muna 1869 okuverengwa akaratidza 62.130 Permian Komis kurarama Kama mumudziyo, muna 1989 paitova vanhu 123.371. Kuti rudzi urwu rwakanga dzinza chinoumba, kuumbwa muna 1925, National District (kubvira 1977 rakava chemwenje-woga). The mumadhorobha Vagari ari Perm nharaunda, havaiti muzadze sekugadzira nemamwe marudzi. Zvakangoitikawo kuti Vakatanga pamusoro Zvakaitika upfumi uye tsika Russian vatama, uye nekuti vazhinji vavo vanogara kumaruwa. Pakati Russian Finno-Ugric Komi-Permian mudonzvo zvionera vane chepamusorosoro mugove chavagari of Perm Krai - muruwa, ivo chakaita kuti anopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana muna 1989. Zvino nhamba dzavo ipfupi kwazvo, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye vanhu vose Russia. Muna 2002, 103.500 of Komi-Perm, uye muna 2010 - 000 chete 81.

Zvinonzi vaiona chikamu dzinza of Komi-Perm Komi yazvintsy - Chokwadi zvakasiyana kwavanobva. Vamiririri dzavo wagara muna Solikamsk uye Krasnovishersk nharaunda, apo rwizi inotanga Yazva River. Havana mutauro zvakanyorwa, asi mutauro vakaramba yavo uyewo avo dzinza nokuzivikanwa. Tsika uye munharaunda specificity uyewo chinosiyanisa kubva vavakidzani vavo. Chii vanhu pamusoro Perm nharaunda haana kudada pachavo midzi yavo, avo mavambo? Chokwadi, pano pane kuitwa, dzimwe nguva kusvika kutsakatika hunhu dzemadzinza features, asi kwete vanhu vose vakapfuura nenzira iyi kusvikira pakuguma. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pari pane vanhu chete vanenge zviuru zviviri, kwakabva Komi-yazvintsy ukoshi kwazvo.

Muncie uye Udmurt

Mansi rudzi yakabuda muzana remakore rechigumi, chete kumabvazuva Kama dunhu - ari Urals. Mushure wegumi remakore, vakagara akawanda neeSultan pamusoro Prikamye - Cherdynsky uye Kungurskye mumaruwa. Uyewo tsindirana Mansi aigara okumusoro kunosvika of Vishera rwizi uye Chusovaya rwizi. Kuwanda Mansi vanhu vanogona kurondwa chete pakazopera nemisere remakore, sezvo okuverengwa yokutanga munzvimbo iyi yaiva 1795. Paivawo zvishoma vanhu vanopfuura mazana maviri. Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, vakawanda vavo akatamira munzvimbo Urals, muna Verkhotursky County, River Lozvy. Zvino Mansi akapotsa akanyangarika muna Perm mudunhu. In siyana nzvimbo 1989 Tinonzi chete makumi matanhatu, uye muna 2002 vakava zvishoma - matatu nomumwe.

Udmurt Zakamye akapinda pakupera navatanhatu remakore uye vakagara pamusoro rwizi Buoy. Zvavakanga nguva dzose vaiva vahedheni, vakava nguva zvakaoma Kama mudunhu. Zvakatanga inchurching, achisimbisa kuti feudal pakudzvinyirirwa. Zvisinei, nezvavanotenda uye zvinoitwa Udmurt madzitateguru akachengetedzwa. mutauro wavo kunoratidzwa anachronisms zhinji, asi madzinza tsika vakaprofita zvinofurira zhinji, paiva zvakawanda nokukwereta. Multicultural zvakatipoteredza vasingagoni kukanganisa, kunyanya kana ari Russian vakawanda agara okunda. Udmurt vanodavira kuti yakawiriranwa pezvakaitwa asingatogoni asi kungoreva okudzidziswa, asi inoshamisa anoverengeka, zvinhu mudzimba uye pakuzvichenesa yechitendero vakakwanisa kuponesa kubva chaizvo kare. Muna 1989, munyika yacho Perm nharaunda akararama anenge makumi matatu nezviuru Udmurt, zviri zvishoma kupfuura chimwe muzana zvachose kwevanhu. Compact - munhoroondo muruwa Kuedinsky boka revanhu vanoda kusvika zviuru zvitanhatu (namanomwe muzana yevagari mudunhu). Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vanotaura mutauro womunyika kudzidza muzvikoro, tsika ukama Udmurtia - nhoroondo yokumusha - kuchengetedza pedyo. Maererano 2010 vaverengwe vari Perm nharaunda paiva vanhu vanopfuura zviuru makumi maviri.

Mari

Pakupera navatanhatu remakore ari kumaodzanyemba Perm Region muna Suksunsky District, pamusoro Sylva River, vakagara Mari. Mumazuva iwayo, kuMiddle Volga, apo yava Republic of Mari El haasati acceded kuRussia, asi Mari zvishoma nezvisho- vatamira kumaodzanyemba Kama. rudzi urwu runobva kuna rokumabvazuva boka Mari vanhu, uye mushure kutama, ivo pakuzivikanwa se Permian Mari. Vamiririri kwavo vapenyu pano kwete chete asiwo Sverdlovsk mudunhu uye Bashkortostan. mutauro kwavo mabhuku chaiwo ari nhamba iri Mari haina kusiyana, saizvozvo vakabuda mumafuro bazi remutauro.

Muna Perm nharaunda nhamba vagari zvechigarire Mari duku, 0.2 chete% yevanhu, izvo anenge matanhatu nehafu chiuru vanhu muna 1989. Zvino, ndoda - pfuurei zviuru zvina. Compact, vakagara Kuedinsky, Chernushinsky, October, uye Kishertsky Suksunsky District. Vakarambawo tsika Mari vanhu, izvo kunooneka pacharo ari kupfeka, ari maitiro mazororo echitendero kumba achishandisa mutauro wavo waamai.

Turkic marudzi

Tatars vanoumba kupfuura boka runodiwa of Kama. Kana vakaurawa ari Khanate pamusoro Kazan, Volga Tatars vakamhanyira agare Southern Kama. Kudeuka wevasungwa navo nzizi Tulve, Sylva, Iren uye zvose dzakapoteredza. Kuti kubatana Volga nharaunda uye ari Tatars kweSiberia, uyo vaitama ipapa panyika ino. Perm Tatars vari heterogeneous chaizvo. Vatsvakurudzi miganhu akataura dzakawanda madzinza: Bashkirs tulvinskie, uye mullinskie sylvensko-irenskie wechiTatar. Pakutanga vanhu nineties remakore rechimakumi maviri akararama zana namakumi mashanu namazana mashanu vanhu vari Perm nharaunda, riri anenge mashanu muzana zvachose kwevanhu. Vakagara pasi gumi tsindirana munharaunda yacho. Chekutanga - mumaguta. It Gremyachinsk, Kizel, Lysva, Chusovoy. Tatars vanogarawo muzvinhu - Chernushinsky, Uinskoye, Suksun, Perm, Ohrid, October, Kungur uye Kuedinsky. Mune Oktyabrsky wedunhu Somuenzaniso, Tatars pamusana anenge makumi matatu muzana yevagari.

Bashkirs akauya idzi muzana remakore namatatu sechikamu dzavo anoverengeka uye vakagara Osa uye Bardymsky nharaunda vakaumba chitsidzo boka uye kushingaira kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu yeko Finno-Ugric yekare vemo. Nzvimbo Perm nharaunda, apo vagara Turkic avanhu zvakachengetedzwa kubva navatanhatu remakore. The kudyidzana pakati pemarudzi akasiyana chaizvo, uye saka evasingatombonamati Bashkir kwevanhu kuwedzera ipfupi. Pakazosvika ramakumi remakore, Bashkirs dzakawanda dzakarasikirwa raidudzwa dzinza ani. Tatar simba kuburikidza tsika uye mutauro wakavatungamirira kureva pachavo kuti Tatars. Verenga yekare haaratidzi mufananidzo kwakarurama. Kunyange muna 1989 zviuru makumi matatu vanhu vaverengwe akataura pachavo Bashkirs, uye mutauro waamai - wechiTatar. Vagari Russia iri kukurumidza kuchembera. Muna 1989, ivo Bashkirs iri Perm nharaunda yaiva vanhu makumi mashanu nezviviri, uye Verenga 2010 kwakaratidza chete makumi matatu nezviviri.

uyezve

Chuvash akatanga kufamba munzvimbo Perm mudunhu pakutanga ramakumi remakore kubva kumaguta siyana pamusoro Chuvashia, nokuti akanga aona yokuwandisa pamwe kuperevedza panyika, masango uye Mafuro. The sefungu kutama yechipiri aenda ari mashanu. Mukupera eighties Chuvash akanga anenge gumi nerimwe zviuru, uye muna 2010 - chete mana. Kunyange zvakawanda aigara Perm munzvimbo vokuGermany - vanopfuura zviuru gumi, uyezve, vakagara muno namapfumbamwe remakore. Pakutanga maviri kwaiva vanenge chimwe, namazana mashanu uye munyika awedzera asi vanhu vanopfuura zviuru makumi mana pashure peHondo Yenyika II. Vakawanda - kubva Volga nharaunda. Uye pashure pehondo, vokuGermany zvimwe nokuzvidira kugadzirisa munzvimbo idzi nechokuchamhembe. Zvino, Chokwadi, zvinenge zvose vakasiya nyika yokumusha kwavo kwenhau. Muna 2010, vakanga vanenge zviuru zvitanhatu.

VaJudha vakasvika Kama kubva Belarus nepakati namapfumbamwe remakore, Nicholas ndakavapa nenyika pano "nokuti Pale kuti Settlement." Muna 1864 iri Perm kwaiva mhuri vanenge makumi mashanu. Vaiva navavezi, vanachiremba, vemishonga, mainjiniya, vaimbi, uye pakutanga Permian vakadzidza ramakumi remakore. Nechekare muna 1896 chete muna Perm vanenge vanhu chiuru. Muna 1920 - matatu nehafu zviuru. Muna 1989 - mashanu nehafu zviuru. Zvadaro, pashure sefungu kuenda kumwe kune 2002 okuverengwa akaratidza vaJudha 2.6 zviuru muna Perm mudunhu. Uyewo negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore paiva pano uye kuvaRungu. Paivawo Chokwadi, zvishoma. Asi iwe unogona kushamiswa uye migumisiro ra2002 vaverengwe. Vakaumba Diaspora mutsva - kuCaucasus uye Central Asia. Kuwanda Tajiks Somuenzaniso, kwakawedzera kakawanda. Muna 2002, ivo vokuArmenia pano vaiva zviuru zvishanu Azerbaijanis - 5.8 zviuru, Georgians - 1.6. Tajiks uye Uzbeks - zviuru zviviri, Kazakhs - vanenge chiuru, uye chokwadi, zvishoma zvishoma pane Kyrgyz. Ndizvo zvose nguva pakusikwa Kishi vapoteri. Asi vokuKorea vakatanga kugara pano mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, kunyange iri duku zvikuru zvizhinji.

Guta Perm Region

Guta guru Perm nharaunda iri guta chinoshamisa Perm - chikuru chokufambisa nomusimboti pamwe chengarava uye Trans-Siberian Railway. Population - vanodarika miriyoni - 1.041.876, maererano nemashoko muna 2016. Slaven guta Nigella, akagamuchira chinzvimbo chayo muna 1966. Sezvo 2006 ndiyo musimboti ane dzomumaguta ugari. Chernushka, riri kumaodzanyemba Perm nharaunda, kumusha vanhu vanoda kusvika makumi matatu nezviviri. Zviri muindasitiri pakati, apo yemigodhi uye kubudiswa mafuta, kunokudziridzwa kwazvo kuvaka indasitiri.

Vagari rinokura zvishoma nokuda mutsika vanotama, sezvo paine dzimwe dzinongoitika kuwedzera: muna 2009, somuenzaniso, Wakapedzisira zana namakumi maviri mana murume. Akararama pano varume gumi uye mamiriyoni nehafu uye anenge gumi zviuru vakadzi. Ndicho yose vakawanda ringlets. Perm nharaunda yose, zvakare, iri kusangana yakakwirira mwero wokufa kwevanhu ngakuite vemo. Guta duku, neavhareji makore makumi matatu nemana. National sezvamunoita riri heterogeneous chaizvo, zvinenge zvose vemarudzi aya varipo pano.

Berezniki

Ndicho chechipiri pakukura (pashure Perm) peguta pamwe mamiriro mumaguta reruwa remunharaunda kukosha. Apo 146.626 vanhu vararame. The dzinongoitika kuwedzera guta kunaka ukoshi. Kudzikira kwevanhu. Berezniki (Perm dunhu) - guta kuti mukutanga nineties chakarasikirwa zvakawanda zvitatu muzana vaigaramo. Vanhu kurarama kupfuura vakadzi - 56,9%. Anenge zvose vakadzi pano kare - 74% vakwegura. Muna 2010, vanhu vaverengwe, uye zvakaratidza kuti Russian muna Berezniki 92,6%. Dzimwe vemunyika zvakare varipo, asi zvikuru diki zvakawanda.

Ethnic mepu of Kama zvinooneka zvikuru kuoma mumakumi emakore achangopfuura nokuda zvitatu zvinokonzera. Chokutanga - chaiwo kufamba kwevanhu, rechipiri - yokutama pashure disintegration of USSR, wechitatu - muitiro kuenda kwemazana emakore akawanda, uye kuchinja dzinza kuziva (vakavhengana michato Fusion tsika). Just Kama akagadzirisa marudzi anopfuura zana nemakumi maviri.