Classical unyanzvi nekuti atumidzwa, kuti kukosha mumwe chigadzirwa akabatanidza nheyo dzake, akaedzwa ne nguva. Shakespeare, da Vinci kupenda, mumhanzi, Schnittke, Rodin - nyora kunogona refu, nokuti ndandanda nebudiriro vanhu, akasika panguva yayo kuvapo uye kukura, hwakareba chaizvo uye zvine. Uye vamiriri Russian tsika kudada countryman ravo guru, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, ndiyo imwe nzvimbo rukudzo yokutanga pakati vanyori akaziva pose uye Russian dzenhoroondo mabhuku.
Musiki Russian yokufungidzira
Hongu, chaizvo. Chokwadi, kuti Turgenev mumabhuku Russian yaiva yakawanda mano shona ndebele. "Encyclopedia woupenyu Russian" mundima, rakanyorwa Pushkin, imwe pfungwa yomufananidzo munhu wose chizvarwa, vakasikwa Lermontov wake "Hero ...", uye mamwe mabasa anoshamisa mazhinji kupa chikafu kune pfungwa uye mwoyo yavanhu Russian, vakadzidza, yakatanga, akatsanangura, vakabatsira chimiro mumudzimu vanhu vakura patriots kuti nyika yavo. Asi kwakanga Turgenev akaita Russian itsva kune zvakawanda nyika mabhuku, akasuma vaverengi vatorwa pamwechete mavambo tsika dzedu, upenyu, nhoroondo. Kupfupika, inoshamisa expressiveness mutauro, makakatanwa pakati pebindu, kuratidza kukosha dzemagariro uye dzezvematongerwo enyika munharaunda, asi pfungwa kurwisa, hunhu Russian chokwadi, zvakadzika mupfungwa nzwisiso uye zvinoshamisa unyanzvi ane Artist wechokwadi - Ndiwo chinosiyanisa zviri Turgenev ari novelist uye akanakisisa zvaakasika. Nemhaka Ivan Sergeyevich yokumwe vateereri uye vatsoropodzi akaziva ichi chinoshamisa - ". Russian yokufungidzira" "Russian Literature", Anokosha uye aida mwana wavo kubva munyori akanga "Vanababa uye Sons." Zvinoreva mabasa kunooneka kwete mhuri chete polysyllabic, magariro, vehurumende uye mukuru nevamwe asiwo pfungwa nemaonero Turgenev panyaya idzi.
Sei Fathers uye Sons
nzvimbo Munyori ari yokufungidzira kusingajekeswi zvakananga. Asi zviri kumbonyanya nyore kuona kana iwe tarisisa panguva chigadzirwa nziyo, ongorora mutauro vatambi, gadziriro zvifananidzo, kuziva basa munhu okunze, dzakadai landscape, iri yokufungidzira. Izvi, Sezvineiwo, unofadza zvikuru, "Vanababa uye Sons." Meaning of basa vakaisa atova musoro, uye huru zvinoyevedza unyanzvi yokushorwa kana zvinyorwa zvokupikisa, dzinogona kurondwa yose yose yokufungidzira.
Saka nei vanababa uye nei vana? Nokuti mhuri - iri diki bande ichifamba muvanhu, uye mairi, sezvo mugirazi, akaratidza kunzwisisa, kurwisana dzimwe nguva kunoshamisa vari vachidzungudza uye kwokupisa ruzhinji kuziva. Pakazosvika nguva pamuviri uye kuberekwa kunyorwa itsva upenyu, maererano mutsoropodzi Belinsky, "yakaparadzirwa kudzika uye upamhi" iri dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana zvinhu zvayo. siyana uku siyana uye achititadzisa kuona uye kunzwisisa "Vanababa uye Sons." Meaning of basa kunoratidzwa muna Kurwisana kumarudzi, maonero avo pamusoro zvematongerwo enyika, chitendero, sayenzi, unyanzvi, kurongeka munzanga nyika uye kuti nyika. No zvishoma akajeka uye neboka kurwisana, kuwedzerwa tikafunga oma kunetsana evanhu mauto uye matambudziko. The ngaiteerere reader, ichienda chitsauko nechitsauko, zvakanyatsojeka kunzwisisa dimikira rokuti "Vanababa uye Sons." Meaning ane basa harisi chete kuratidza chamazuva zvizvarwa uye disengagement (general dzevanhu chinoumba), asi kuratidza pavanotaurirana pamusoro akasimbisa maonero uye mafungiro uye itsva, achiuya kutsiva tsaru.
akafunga mhuri
Ngationgororei yokutanga "vakafunga mhuri" iri yokufungidzira. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti musoro mhuri runozivisa Turgenev. Kwoupenyu hwake akura munyori akararama "pamupendero dendere mumwe", uye vaiva naye chaizvo kuva yakaoma ukama naamai vake. Nokuti, zvichida, kukosheswa Ivan Sergeyevich ushamwari kumba, kubvumirana ukama pakati zvizvarwa vakura uye muduku. Zvinobikwa "Vanababa uye Sons" nekumirira tsika idzodzo nokusingaperi, pasina iro, chokwadi, haigoni kufamba mberi mberi. It akaenzanisira izvi muenzaniso Kirsanovs mhuri. Arkady, mumiririri chizvarwa chevechiduku uye zvakanakisisa, kunyange, uye zvinokonzerwa Bazarov, achiri kunofambidzana chokuita vavanoda. Kunyange pashure pokusvika otchie pamupendero anodaro kuti pano uye mhepo hunotapira uye anodhura uye pedyo kupfuura muguta guru. Kugadzira Pepa karwendo akapfuura wemagamba ake, Turgenev akati kuti Kirsanov baba nguva vakaedza kuti pedyo mwanakomana wake, kugoverana zvaanofarira, kurarama chii anorarama Arkady akaziva kumadhindindi ake, vachiedza kunzwisisa chizvarwa chitsva kunobva panzvimbo vezera ake. Zvinobikwa "Vanababa uye Sons", Sezvambotaurwa, kuti yokufungidzira-the zvinyorwa zvokupikisa. Asi apo Bazarov, uye ari wepachokwadi anokumhan'arira yose kare, "vanababa" kusanganisira, kunyange kunze unhu nababa vake namai pachena anokuseka Rinoshora "wekare Kirsanovs" kunzwa ukama haisi mutorwa kwaari. Nokudaro, tsika dzemhuri uye zvisungo dzvene Turgenev. Kugamuchira itsva yechiKomonisiti, munyori anotenda kuti munhu haagoni zvakazara vawane muchinjikwa kare epochs, kusanganisira kuti chamazuva zvizvarwa.
New uye vakwegura
Zvinoreva yokufungidzira "Fathers uye Sons" zvakawanda uye zvakadzama kupfuura apa mubvunzo. Hongu, zvirokwazvo, wechiduku chizvarwa, wayo yokusafa maximalism kazhinji funga pachavo zvakawanda akangwara, zvikuru mberi, matarenda, vanogona zvinokosha zviito uye anobatsira kuti nyika pane avo vane zera iri kupera. Haiwa, asi uye rakakura zviri. Uye Nikolai Petrovich uye Petr Petrovich Kirsanov, vanhu vakadzidza uye ano mupfungwa, asi zvikuru shure zvinobhururuka remakore mberi zvisingadzoreki. New pfungwa dzesayenzi, rwokugadzira, pfungwa enyika vanowana zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye zvakaoma kubvuma muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Asi zvinoreva kuti yakapfuura inofanira kuva vakasara kuparadza, vanokanganwa kupa kwayo, "pachena", sezvo dzinoratidzwa Bazarov? Saka, kuti vavake nzvimbo itsva iri Vacuum? Nihilist Eugene haagoni kuzochera uwane mufananidzo - pachena, haazivi, hazvisi pachayo. Uye zvinoreva yokufungidzira "Fathers uye vanakomana" nomunyori zvakarurama kuonekwa kwete chete kuti kushora kuipa wokuRussia chokwadi, zvakaora magariro, uye ukama kazhinji hwevanhu, asiwo kuratidza kuti haugoni chose kusiya zvakapfuura. Human dzomunyika akatevera mumwe, uye mumwe nomumwe kwaibva yapfuura nokubudirira.
Pfungwa uye aesthetic pfungwa yokufungidzira
Chiizve ari yokufungidzira "Fathers uye Vanakomana"? Zvinobikwa Turgenev akanyorwa 3 nezvishoma. Misi yokutanga shure makore 1860-1861, paakasika dzeShanduro, zano rakaumbwa uye kuumbwa mugadziriro. The wechipiri anoreva kuwa 1861 - kutanga chando mumakore 1862. Panguva iyi munyori vachishingaira recycle wenyaya, zvichiita zano uye rinoumba yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita, kunosvika kuwanda yakavhenekerwa matambudziko maererano enyika kuchinja munyika. Uye pakupedzisira, munguva kubva February kusvika September 1862 uye wokupedzisira kuchinja kune rokutanga reShanduro "Russian Journal" mabasa "Vanababa uye Sons." Zvinetso yokufungidzira - zvakajeka kufamba nokusimudza vanhuwo, Revolutionary democrats; kuratidza itsva, chete kutaipa mashoko nascent evanhu nemumiriri, nihilist, ari nechokwadi zvose nheyo Russian wehurumende. 238 mapeji zvoupfu anodhinda Turgenev kuti manyorero aenda nyaya mupanduki Bazarov, kutsoropodzwa amoral nihilism, kurwisana pakati kuzvikudza, liberals uye echimurenga mupfungwa progressives, ari kuburitsa kwouzivi pakunamata, zvitendero, yetsika uye aesthetic, tsika anoitika upenyu.
Kuti munyori aida kutaura uye zvaaitaura?
Kuti tinzwisise zvinorehwa yokufungidzira "Fathers uye Sons" hazvibviri pasina pachena mufananidzo mukuru hunhu - a nihilist Evgeniya Bazarova. Munyori akataura kuti akaona mufananidzo simba, utsinye, mhuka uye chin'a, vakatendeseka, achibva vanhu, asi ari achakundikana, nokuti nguva haisati yasvika Bazarovs. Akabvuma kuti anoziva, anoda kana anovenga chete mufananidzo zvaakasika. Handiti, munyori akatsvaka kutsoropodza zvikurukuru kwamachinda sezvo kamwe zvakanaka, asi ikozvino moribund, kirasi kuchinja, zvichivhiringidza zveupfumi uye enyika kwemashoko munyika. Asi Bazarov yakatsviriridza, uye zviri pamusoro hunhu uyu muhurukuro mumhuri kutsoropodzwa gakava. Vamwe vakafunga chikuru hunhu kunotyisa caricature, lampoon pamusoro kuchizvarwa chevechiduku. Vamwe vakanonga Turgenev shoko "nihilist", akatanga kudana kwavari ose kunyanyisa, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika zvinoberekwa vadzidzi. Uye zita Bazarov raMwari rava rakafanana nerokuti mumwe mazita vadhiyabhorosi - Asmodeus. Chechitatu, kunhonga Revolutionary pfungwa, akamisira Yevgeny Vasilyevich kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu mutungamiri yavo yomudzimu. Turgenev haana kuudza pfungwa munhu, kana yechipiri, kana yechitatu. Iri raiva rimwe zvikonzero zviri Pfungwa kutsemura pakati munyori uye nhengo "Contemporary".
upenyu wokukunda dzidziso
Hongu, Ivan Sergeyevich, nemwoyo wose tsitsi zvose kwamachinda uye tsitsi kuna Bazarov, uye vamwe mhosva, uye vamwe. Munguva yokufungidzira, akaratidza kuti upenyu zvikuru kunzwisisa uye zvakasiyana-siyana pepfungwa zvose, zvematongerwe kukakavadzana, uye haagoni kuiswa chero Procrustean mubhedha. Nature, rudo uye vepachokwadi rudo, regenerating uye ennobling simba ounyanzvi, uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika kuchatekeshera pamusoro chero "kutsamwa, zvivi, mwoyo kupandukira." Uye kusvikira zuva rino zvaitika magamba mabasa mubereko uye hanya nesu, kukonzera kukakavadzana, vanokurudzirwa edza kunzwisisa zvakadzama sezvinobvira uye kudzidzisa vose kuva murume. Uye ichi ndicho chikuru chepfungwa guru Classics.