Vanodzidza - nayo ... Science Anthropology. kosha vanodzidza nezvavanhu

Anthropology - inonakidza nesayenzi kuti kunoita munhu kutarisa yavo kare uye chipo zvokukura shanduka, uyewo kudzidza nezvenhoroondo siyana vanhu uye mapoka emadzinza. Ndokusaka nyanzvi vaitungamirira kunogona kazhinji kuva chaizvo kuzivikanwa, asi zviri chaizvo akakodzera kuteererwa. Tinotora Kutarira vamwe vavo.

Carlos Castaneda

Zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru American ANODZIDZA. Carlos Castaneda - kwete musayendisiti, asiwo unyanzvi munyori uyo akasika munhu enhoroondo nedzidziso Indian nevashamani. basa rake hazvigoni kunzi yakananga Genre - ane kwetunhu mabhuku, zvepfungwa, ethnography uye zvitendwa yepakutanga. Vamwe Castaneda kuti tsananguro rinoshandiswa zvino kwete chete vanodzidza nezvavanhu - Somuenzaniso, pfungwa "nzvimbo simba" kana "gungano pfungwa". Carlos pachake akafuridzirwa zvinyorwa Aldous Huxley, uyewo mifananidzo omunzvimbo varapi muLima, umo kwechinguva mhuri yake vakararama. Mukuwedzera, muna mudenderedzwa rake maiva pokukurukurirana pfungwa kuti pane mukana zviroto zvirongwa. Muna 1959, Castaneda kudzidza kukoreji ane dhipuroma kwepfungwa, uye muna 1960 akapinda University aine guru anthropology, apo vakawanda zvikuru aidaro kudzidza kwayo dzinonakidza marudzi. Ndakaenda Mexico, uye Arizona. Musoro mabasa esayenzi Castaneda ndiko kushandiswa hallucinogenic nembesa shamanic tsika maIndia.

Ezhen Dyubua

Kazhinji Vanodzidza vaiva nyanzvi mune zvokurapa. Nokudaro, Dutchman Ezhen Dyubua, uyo akazova piyona pamusoro Pithecanthropus, aiva chiremba yemauto. Ndiye akawana dehenya zvimedu chiso marangwanda uye femurs mhando, izvo vakabva kudzidzwa somumwe madzitateguru murume. Kutsvaka Pithecanthropus akafamba pamusoro pachitsuwa Java uye Trinil, akadzokorora Zvakafukunurwa kunze zvakafanana zvabuda, uye muna weLeiden, apo vanochera matongo uyewo vakakwanisa kuwana marangwanda. Sezvineiwo, kuongorora haana kutora Dubois vakamupoteredza vanodzidza nezvavanhu. Zvaiita zvakare kujairika uye gakava sarudzo. Paleoanthropology chete kuchangotanga, uye kwakabva murume kwave insufficiently kudzidza. Chimwe chinoshamisa chokwadi - Dubois akaratidza dehenya French nezvokurara, asi pashure kwemanheru, vakakanganwa bhegi rake zvakawanikwa muresitorendi. Sezvineiwo, akanga adzoka - zvimwe chinokosha kwebhokisi arovererwe kurasika.

Rudolf Virchow

Anthropology - sayenzi dzevanhu mavambo, iyo inobva kupikidura uye kuongorora akawana zvikamu marangwanda uye mapfupa. pfungwa imwe neimwe, chokwadi, rinongova kufembera, saka zvinogona nezvimwewo. Saka, Rudolf Virchow famously akaramba mukana nokuvapo Pithecanthropus uye Neanderthal, discrediting migumisiro vakawana vamwe vatsvakurudzi. Izvi zvinooneka kukanganiswa kukura nesayenzi, kunyange mupfungwa yakaipa. Chinozikamwa vanodzidza nezvavanhu vagara kuteerera zvinofungwa nevamwe, uye akataurwa Virchow vasingagoni kunooneka. Aifungidzira kuti mapfupa Neanderthal - anoramba tamba uye pfungwa chakakanganisika munhu. Anowana ukama Pithecanthropus, akawana marangwanda ane gibbon. Kazhinji, zvinofungidzirwa kuti Zvisaririra varume ingangodaro, asi kutonga chinhu pamusoro akawana mapfupa havagoni kuva nokuda zera uye Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga. Iye akasiya mucherechedzo wake Virchow uye sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo. Found of Sautuola bako rine Paleolithic mifananidzo akadana mumwe chitsotsi nemaune, kufambira kudzidzwa yekare Monument ounyanzvi muSpain kwemakore akawanda.

Gustav Koenigswald

Zvinoshamisa kuti kudzidza nezvekuti zvinhu zvishoma dzimwe nguva kunogona zvakakwana kurishandisa kuti chikuru akawana vanodzidza nezvavanhu. Izvi zvinogona kuva chaenga pfupa kana mazino nyore. Yakava hwaro achangobuda mabasa kwesayenzi pamusoro musayendisiti German Gustav Koenigswald. In meno kubva Chinese mishonga zvitoro uye zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo ari Java, akatsanangura Meganthropus uye Pithecanthropus. tsvakurudzo yake, iye yakadzamisa chidzidzo Ezhena Dyubua. In meno mishonga zvakachengetwa muHong Kong akakwanisa kumisa kuvapo itsva mhando Peking Man, asingazivikanwi kuti masayendisiti asati. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akarondedzera Ngandong hominids, akanga achibishaira Java uye South China. Kuwedzera vanhu akadzidzawo Zvisaririra Orang-utan.

Leakey mhuri

Dzimwe nguva anthropology munhu anotakura asiri musayendisiti chete, asi munhu wose imba ine unyanzvi. Anotarisana hama uye mudzimai wavo, vana uye vazukuru - mhuri vanodzidza nezvavanhu akadzidza zvokuKenya zvisaririra, zvakasara netsoko hominids kuEast Africa. Louis uye Mary vaishandira Olduvai Gorge, uye Richard akadzidza Lake Turkana. Nokuda mhuri Leakey tsanangudzo mhando dzakawanda sezvo madzitateguru evanhu, uye Zvisaririra primates. The huru kuwanikwa akanga kuwanikwa Australopithecus kuEast Africa, uyewo kuwanikwa ne "anokwanisa vanhu." Zvava kubatana pakati archanthropines uye Paranthropus boisei, kuwedzera shanduka cheni.

Mikhail Gerasimov

Evanhu, muvezi uye matongo kubva Russia mupiro chikuru kuti kukura nesayenzi. nzira yake rokudzorera hwemunhu chitarisiko anoramba zvinowanzoshandiswa nhasi. Nechekare makore gumi nematatu Michael aishanda anatomical Museum, uye 18 akanyora nyaya nesayenzi pamusoro Palaeolithic Zvakafukunurwa. Kwemakore, Gerasimov akasika anopfuura mazana maviri nhoroondo pazvinhu Portraits. Chokwadi, anthropology - sayenzi kwakabva murume zvavo, asi chaizvo vanhu uye zvinhu zvavo kuwira mukati kutsanangurwa ayo zvido. Naizvozvo, vavakezve chitarisiko Ivana Groznogo, Yaroslava Mudrogo uye Fridriha Shillera chinokosha zvakadaro. Mukuwedzera, magadzirirwo unokubvumira kusika mifananidzo vanhu vekare - Australopithecus, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal. Kutanga kunosanganisira kuunganidzwa ndeechokwadi zvinhu. Gerasimov rave vaudzewo zvakananga ukama pakati pfupa mamiriro uye akapfava zvinyama pahwaro izvo akasika pedutu. Zvinofadza kuti kamwe vatinoshanda navo vakasarudza kuedza Gerasimov uye akamupa dehenya, pasina chaiyo Muridzi. Akakwanisa akamisa chitarisiko Papuan, zvakanga zvakafanana kuti Photo - Nemadehenya akaunzwa panguva rwendo Maclay.

Sergey Gorbenko

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kazhinji vanodzidza nezvavanhu - vari vanachiremba, akatumidza Russian nyanzvi - hapana anosara. Gorbenko vakadzidzira murabhoritari of Institute Maclay, anodzidziswa nzira vavakezve Gerasimov. Iye akadzivirira ake miteva chinyorwa pamusoro vavakezve chimiro Yaroslav Osmomysl. Huru kubudirira kwakanga chokupika dzakawanda Portraits French Ages Knights Mambo Louis XI, uye vamwe inonyatsozivikanwa magamba nhoroondo iyoyo. Panguva iyoyo, akanga mubasa anthropological tsvakurudzo skulls kubva Cleary San Andre.