Violets: kuchengeta pamba, description, kubereka, fertilization, kudiridza

Akatunhidzwa uye yakanaka ruva rinonzi violets, kutarisira pamba kuti nyore chaizvo, - Vakawanda indoor chirimwa kuti chinokwezva mafeni pamba ruva nokuda kwayo akasiyana noruvara mavara uye mhando.

History of zita

History violets unofadza zvikuru: dzinowanikwa Africa, pedyo Uzambarskih Mountains (Tanzania Territory). Iye anowana yakaisvonaka maruva yepepuru muna 1893 zvikuru netsaona gavhuna East Africa, achifamba mumasango pedyo nemapopoma. Akatumawo kopi imwe ruva kuna baba vake - nyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu German.

Ulrich of Saint-Paul akaita rondedzero pamusoro botanical kuzivikanwa uye zvakawanikwa, uye ruva rinonzi violets kana Saintpaulia. Pashure pechinguvana ruva rakaratidzwa panguva World Exhibition, izvo Akakwezva Chikwata uye Breeders, nemhaka iyo itsva mhando Saintpaulia vazhinji wakasuduruka.

Description ruva

Saka chii vari maruva izvi? Violets - a herbaceous chirimwa yemhuri Gesneriaceae, yokuvamba kubva dzinopisa East Africa, reEuropean Violet hazvishandi. Maruva aya - kupfuura kufarira uye akakurumbira pakati kuchengeta maruva anosimwa mumba.

The chikuru mukana Saintpaulia - maruva kwenguva refu, panenge pagore. Uyezve, marudzi kusiyana kunoita duku hwindo pamusara nenzvimbo dzakawanda Violet maruva mavara akasiyana, nokuti muti pacharo inoda chaizvo chiduku.

Care uye Lighting

Violets, kutarisira pamba kuti - kwete kuoma muitiro, finicky chaizvo pamusoro nzvimbo yavo:

• kwaiva chiedza kunoitika tava kuderera paumbwe mashizha uye atwo;
• ane nekumwisa chezuva Mashizha anogona kupiswa, uye ruva anofa;
• vanofanira kusarudza nzvimbo zvikuru inopenya, kudziya, asi kwete kunyanya yakavhenekerwa waibvira zuva, uye ipapo chirimwa Uchanzwa chaizvo;
• mumwe ezvinhu - unofanira nechokwadi chokuti Mashizha violets ndikasafananidza neVadzidzi girazi pahwindo, izvo chinokurwadzai kutsva.

Yakanaka senpoliy yokumadokero uye okumabvazuva akapfigwa, asi rwezasi - chete chando. Kana chirimwa chinogona kuiswa chete kurutivi rwezasi hwindo, unofanira kuisa nehari zvokuti zuva miti kushayikwa (semuenzaniso, divi tafura pedyo hwindo sill).

Optimum kukura tembiricha - + 23-25ºS uye kuti mukuru Violet - zvishoma duku 20-24ºS +. Chirimwa haashiviriri kuchinja tembiricha (kunonyanyisa - a madhigirii shoma), uye haadi drafts. kunyatsotarira violets munguva yechando pamba acharamba maruva nguva.

Unofanira kugara kuzoongorora chirimwa uye kubvisa akwegura kana kukuvaradzwa mashizha uye maruva akaoma Zvaparara. Kana hunde kuti vakatakura pashure achibvisa rezasi mashizha, muti unofanira wakasimwa, chirimwa nzira yokubudisa zvakadzama muvhu (pamberi mashizha). Nokuisazve violets chinhu chinodiwa kuita zvose gore sezvo ivhu kuparadzwa muhari.

Ivhu uye kudiridza

Saintpaulia - Violet, mvura uye ivhu iyo inokosha. Plant anoda unzenza ivhu, mvura ukaramba zvakanaka. Kumhara akavhenganiswa vanosanganisira zvinotevera:

• turf pasi;
• shizha muforoma;
• jecha;
• sphagnum Moss.

Zvinokwanisika kushandisa musanganiswa uye vakaipedza kunotenga, asi pamwe kuwedzera perlite, chikwindi kana womukokonati substrate. Kazhinji Chikwata kuwedzera munyika nemipaini dondo, uye vakati hwakakanyiwa jira.

chete kudzivirira mvura yakakodzera yokudiridzira senpolii (pombi kana mvura). Rinoona peat ivhu, mwando nokukurumidza runopwa kubva iyo, violets nokudiridza uyewo anoitiswa munyoro, pamwe nokupararira kuvanengozi kwaari pane kushaya unyoro. Kana mvura iri nzira yokubudisa angatanga kuorera mazviri pamusoro hunde wayo pedyo midzi. Best Ipfungwa - kuwedzera mvura mugango kana muhari kushandisa mumvura muna noushamwari (kamuri tembiricha) mvura.

Care muchando

Kudiridza uye nokuda violets muchando kutarisirwa kumba kuoma nokuda simba kuderera mwando mukamuri kana nechepakati kudziyisa, uye vanoda 60%. Saka, muchando, tinoratidza uchishandisa humidifier kana spraying mvura nguva dzose dzakakomberedza chirimwa, uye zvachose havagoni kubvumira kupinda mvura zvinyoronyoro velvety mashizha violets.

Nematambudziko chikuru yechando kutarisirwa:

• mhepo tembiricha anodonhedza: zvinomera vanosarudza + 20-25 ° C, uye kubva unopinza tembiricha donhwe angatanga;
• napedyo kudziyisa mabhatiri;
• hudiki kubva yechando zuva kana kutonhora magirazi pamusoro hwindo, kana pane mavara chena pamusoro mashizha, muhari violets vanofanira kubviswa hwindo;
• violets dzakayerera nokuda mhepo rakaoma - mune iyi, chirimwa wakasimwa haana kurerekera midzi.

In yechando, inokosha zvikuru dzokuwedzera chiedza, nekuti zvimwe zvinomera vachatambura nokushayiwa chiedza. Zvakanakisisa yokugadza fluorescent mwenje, uye anosanganisira kwemaawa 3-4 ose zuva: havasi kudziyisa mhepo uye zvinopa kunyange jekeso.

nzira kudyisa

Saintpaulia haana kufanana overfeeding uye tsime akashivirira ne kushaya fetiraiza. Kana zvirimwa Vakasimwa mu ivhu rinokosha, yatova rine zvakafanira zvinovaka muviri uye kuronda zvinhu. Nokuti mamwe kuberekesa (kana zvinomera zviri pachena vakaneta) unogona kushandisa fetiraiza nokuda violets: mune granules kana mvura. The nziyo dziri anoverengeka siyana:

• chicherwa - kuwedzera acidity ivhu uye zvinoita maruva (superphosphate mu granules);
• chicherwa kunzwisisa (upfu kana mvura) "Uniflor", "Tenzi", "Etisso" "Fertikov", etc.
• Organic: manyowa, mupfudze, mvura kugadzirira rubberized ( "Rainbow", "Ideal", "Gummi").

Uyewo, panguva bogmærke nhungirwa anogona kuita kupfeka fetiraiza pamwe phosphorus uye vechiduku zvinomera - pamwe yakawanda senitrogen. Fetiraiza nokuti violets hazvigoni kushandiswa kakawanda kupfuura 1 nguva pamwedzi, rakatumbuka pakati pemarudzi akasiyana.

Rutoto Nzira violets

Nokuti kukura zvakanaka muhari anogona "kurarama" mumwe chete chirimwa, saka kana uchida kuti ukatambararira zvimwe nzira yokubudisa iri rakachengetedzwa, asi nokungwarira kwete kubata kumidzi. Izvi zvinopa mukana kuti mumwe muti pasina kupedza imwe mari.

Pane nzira dzakawanda nawo vachiwedzera violets. Care pamba kuchaita kumbonyanya nyore kuzvigadzira nokudyara zvinhu chokuwanziridza uye kunyange kukura mhando itsva:

• nezvidimbu shizha;
• nzira yokubudisa kana suckers;
• mbeu (the refu muitiro).

The Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nguva chitubu ichi uye chirimo, nokuti chando chirimwa ari mumamiriro zororo uye kunoda chaiwo ezvinhu kunorapwa.

Propagation kuchekwa (mashizha)

Nyore nzira unokubvumira kukura zvirimwa pamba marudzi mazhinji violets - Propagation kubudikidza kuchekwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, chikuru jira kuzovauraya banga rakapinza chaizvo pane zvishoma akachinjikana (kwete achapwanya hunde).

Pane 2 nzira rooting aitendereka;

• mumvura apo duku piece shizha iri ashaye makumbo, - mudzi kumera kazhinji Zvinotora mazuva 10-14 (mvura inofanirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera apo tiine imwe chechetere);
• rinokosha ivhu (musanganiswa peat) kuti kudzika yakakwana kumubata shizha iri akamiswa pane zvishoma yorusvingo, pamwe inokosha ndeyokuti kuchengetedza microclimate pamusoro pasi uchishandisa polyethylene mabhegi, magaba kana akaputswa chimedu epurasitiki hombodo, ivhu rinofanira kuramba mwando zvakakwana, Mini-girinihausi ukoreneneniya kubviswa pashure achicheka.

kubereka nehoro

Kana violets mukuru kare zvakanaka akura, ipapo pedyo vanotanga kuonekwa mwana nezvigadziko (vokurera), izviwo zvichakubatsira kuparadzira chirimwa ichi. To otsadit nzira yokubudisa, unofanira kumirira kusvikira uchamera kushoma 5 masendimita kureba. Pashure paizvozvo chaizvo nokungwarira zvinoita anosiiwa huru hunde, achitarisira kuti vasakuvadza kumidzi.

Nani kuisa chete ivhu pashure rooting ari mwedzi Violet achasunungura yakanaka vaduku mashizha uye kutanga paumbwe nemaruva.

Species uye mhando violets

Uzambarskih akasiyana violets - zvakasiyana-siyana zvikuru mavara akasiyana uye maumbirwo mashizha, zvange wakasuduruka ne zvinhu zvipenyu unyanzvi hedu kana kunyange netsaona vachidziripira. Uye kubereka kubudikidza kuchekwa upi murimi anogona kukura chinhu zvachose itsva vorudzii (vakaderera kwemarudzi).

Saintpaulia mhando vakakamurwa muzvikwata akawanda maererano kukura nzira yokubudisa, siyana mavara uye zvitarisiko mashizha.

Somuenzaniso, marudzi akasiyana-siyana pamwe hwakasimba ruvara kana aine masa sezvingatarisirwa nhaka unhu vabereki panguva ndiro basa kubereka, muganhu anogona kuonekwa chete panguva yechipiri maruva.

Fancy mhando (akashongedzwa makwapa, nokurohwa, Dots) rakarumbidza peduncles kana inoparadzirwa kushandisa laterals, zvino nhaka ruvara. Saizvozvo uye inoparadzirwa fialki- "chimera" kuva muenzaniso pamusoro maruva sezvo yemwaranzi.

Hang-Montana mhando ane refu hunde uye richikura pakawanda, mujenya siyana mavara uye zvakasiyana-siyana nehoro.

Mamakisi kutaipa Osa - mumwe chepakutanga uye zvitsva mhando violets, ane ruva ane pfupi yepamusoro akafukidza 2 3, rezasi, refu uye yakatetepa, pova zvekumwe chitarisiko.

Mumwe parizvino dzakakurumbira akasiyana-siyana - blue Violet, akaberekwa muna Russia, ane guru, kusvika masendimita 10, maruva inopenya zvitema uye chirimwa pacharo - silnovetvistoe uye anosvika 40 masendimita Kune akasiyana inoverengeka violets, maruva-siyana .:

• Blue mhute - akacheneruka yebhuruu fluffy balls pamwe Wavy kumicheto.
• Blue Danube - anezvakawanda maruva yebhuruu kusvika 5 masendimita ari dhayamita.
• Blue Dragon - hapana yebhuruu chete nyeredzi yebhuruu nechepakati, navanopinda muganhu dzvuku ane chena uye goridhe kumahombekombe, mavara anosvika 6 cm.
• Blue the lagoon - yebhuruu inopenya Violet kuti rwedenga aizonyatsovachenesa uye tsvuku frill akapoteredza mupendero.

Chirwere uye kurapwa senpoliy

Violet - a capricious chaizvo chirimwa, yaingoda mumwe mwando ivhu, yakawanda chiedza asi havana yakananga zuva, vamwe kutarisirwa uye dzichifura. Asi kunyange kana zvose izvi ezvinhu anowanika, muti anorwara.

The chikuru basa iri ezvinhu - kudzidza kuona mhaka chirwere uye kusiyanisa zvirwere uye dzisiri communicable violets, kureva anokonzerwa yokushomeka zvimwe zvinovaka muviri kana kukodzera kuvharirwa mamiriro ...

Mumwe zvinozivikanwa - yellowing of Mashizha chirimwa, kazhinji kunokonzerwa acidity kukodzera ivhu, zvakare inopenya zuva kana simba shading.

Zvirwere violets:

• Fusarium (ora nezvigadziko) - utachiona hwakakura chinhu chakuvhe Fusarium chichipinda vaduku midzi kana zvemamiriro ezvinhu (inorema ivhu, kugara dzakayerera mvura, kunyanya kutonhora, hari huru kwazvo). Nokuda kurwara pemashanga mashizha kutendeuka mashava uye anotanga kuwa. Nokuti kudzivirira panowanikwa chakuvhe ichi inokurudzirwa kudiridza chirimwa ose 2 months fundazol mhinduro. Nokuti pakurapa violets vanofanira kubatwa fungicides pashure achibvisa akaomeswa kana kuorera mazviri madzinde mashizha.
• Powdery nokuvhuvha - wakaratidzwa somunhu kure-chena Dombo vose pechiso zvikamu vawedzere pane kushayikwa chiedza, mwando kunaka, guruva kana tsvina mudenga. The chikonzero chingava kushaya (potassium uye phosphorus), kana ane overabundance kuti microelements (senitrogen). Inogona kushandiswa kurapa kana spraying fundazol benlatom (kazhinji wakakwanisa 1 nguva, asi zvingadzokororwa kana zvakakodzera). Kuti tidzivise kurwara nokuvhuvha violets, kutarisira pamba wake kunofanira sezvinotevera: nokuti kudzivirira kuita nyoro unopisika achipukuta mashizha, fefetedza nenzvimbo uye kudzivirira zvakawandisa mwando muhari;

• Late nenyunje - the kuora pamudzi chipika violets uye chitarisiko dzebhurauni makwapa mashizha, izvo yakakonzerwa chakuvhe chinopinda kuburikidza midzi kana Maronda ari madzinde. nenyunje ngozi ndechokuti fungal spores vagadzirise muvhu, saka chete nzira iri kuparadza miti uye mbereko muhari. Kudzivisa panowanikwa kusingafadzi chirwere anofanira kuwedzerwa kuchengeta ivhu uye superphosphate mwando kwete kupfuura 60% muimba;
• Gray muforoma iyo anokonzerwa chakuvhe botrytis, rinowanika ndachena mashava patina vose okumusoro zvikamu chirimwa, uye ipapo kuora uye rufu violets. The chakuvhe kazhinji chinozadzwa kwakasvibiswa ivhu, saka vasati yekudyara mumwe chirimwa inokurudzirwa kuti ivhu Ndinoda ari furiza, uye ipapo akamwisa pamwe kugadzirisa kuti manganese. varwere All kudiwa kuzoparadza Violet uye chirimwa muitiro fungicides. Kudzivirira chirwere, zvakakodzera tisanyanyozvidya achidiridzira rakapinza tembiricha donhwe muimba.

tupukanana violets

Rakajairika tupukanana kukanganisa senpolii:

• chikero Zvipembenene - achirova mashizha uye vaduku madzinde, deforming navo uye kukonzera pakuonekwa tsvuku makwapa; pamusoro pavo, zvinobatsira kubudiswa "aktellik" kana "fitoverm";
• Inda dzemuriwo kazhinji apinda mumba achibva maruva itsva, tumbuyu kudya nemaruva uchishandisa chirimwa muto zvokudya; kurasa inda dzemuriwo, unofanira kushandisa "Moskpilan" kana "aktellik";
• Zvikwekwe (wandei siyana) - Anotadzira vaduku mashizha kubata navo zvinomera vabatwe "Akarinom", "fitoverm" uye vamwe.

Violets kana Saintpaulia - namavara akanaka kwazvo uye zvakasiyana-siyana uye akasiyana Sora chirimwa kuti yakabudirira akura pamusoro windowsills, vazhinji mudzidzi uye nyanzvi decoration ruva.